沙漠型旅游区体验项目承载力研究——以宁夏沙坡头景区为例
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摘要
沙漠型旅游区依藉独具特色的自然景观资源而开发出的丰富多彩的体验项目已成为沙漠旅游最大的亮点和核心吸引物。但随着游客的快速增加,沙漠生态环境、游憩设施等受到较大冲击甚至突破容量极限,从而导致游客体验质量下降,影响到沙漠旅游的可持续发展。鉴于此,以宁夏典型沙漠型景区沙坡头为例,以最受游客欢迎的滑沙、黄河飞索、皮筏漂流、沙海冲浪和骆驼骑行等5类体验项目为研究对象,分别从资源本体及游客体验感知角度对承载力进行评估。结果表明:(1)各类项目实际游客接待量已接近或超过设施承载力上限,远高于游客体验最佳时的承载力水平;(2)限制不同类型项目承载力的关键因子有所差异;(3)游客体验承载力往往低于项目设施承载力水平。根据测评结果找出每类项目承载力的关键限制因子,并基于现有游客量预测了部分项目的可扩展承载力。
Many experience projects have been developed in desert tourist areas based on unique natural landscape resources.These experience projects have become the largest bright spots and core attractions in desert tourism.With the rapid increase of tourists,the desert ecological environment and recreation facilities suffered significant impact and even broke through bearing capacity,which led to the decrease of the quality of the tourist experience,and affect the desert tourism sustainable development.Therefore,take Shapotou scenic area in Ningxia as an example,and take sandboarding,rope gliding over the Yellow River,rafting,sand surfing and camel riding as research projects,the paper evaluated bearing capacity of these experience projects from the angle of resource ontology and tourists experience perception.The results showed that:(1)The visitor numbers of all projects were close to or exceed the maximum bearing capacity of facilities,far above the best level of the visitors experience;(2)The key factors of the different projects to limit bearing capacity were different;(3)The bearing capacity of tourist experience was often below bearing capacity of project facilities.According to the evaluation result,we find out the key limiting factors of the bearing capacity of each project and predict extensible bearing capacity of some projects.
Many experience projects have been developed in desert tourist areas based on unique natural landscape resources.These experience projects have become the largest bright spots and core attractions in desert tourism.With the rapid increase of tourists,the desert ecological environment and recreation facilities suffered significant impact and even broke through bearing capacity,which led to the decrease of the quality of the tourist experience,and affect the desert tourism sustainable development.Therefore,take Shapotou scenic area in Ningxia as an example,and take sandboarding,rope gliding over the Yellow River,rafting,sand surfing and camel riding as research projects,the paper evaluated bearing capacity of these experience projects from the angle of resource ontology and tourists experience perception.The results showed that:(1)The visitor numbers of all projects were close to or exceed the maximum bearing capacity of facilities,far above the best level of the visitors experience;(2)The key factors of the different projects to limit bearing capacity were different;(3)The bearing capacity of tourist experience was often below bearing capacity of project facilities.According to the evaluation result,we find out the key limiting factors of the bearing capacity of each project and predict extensible bearing capacity of some projects.
引文
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[2]保继刚.旅游者行为研究[J].社会科学家,1987(6):19-22.
[3]Saverisdes A.Establishing the social tourism carrying capacity for the tourist resorts of the east coast of the Republic of Cyprus[J].Tourism Management,2002,21(2):147-156.
[4]Prato T.Modeling carrying capacity for national parks[J].Ecological Economics,2001(3):321-331.
[5]崔凤军.论旅游环境承载力——持续发展旅游的判据之一[J].经济地理,1995(1):105-109
[6]全华,杨竹莘.生态旅游区环境变化与可持续旅游发展——以张家界为例[J].中国人口资源与环境,2002(3):97-100.
[7]杨锐.从游客容量到LAC理论——环境容量的新发展[J].旅游学刊,2003,18(5):62-65.
[8]杨秀平,翁刚民.旅游环境承载力发展潜力研究[J].江西行政学院学报,2005(s1):69-71.
[9]宋柯,樊正球,信欣,等.长治湿地公园生态旅游环境容量研究[J].复旦学报,2011(5):576-582.
[10]周礼静.北京陶然亭旅游目的地旅游环境承载力研究[D].沈阳:辽宁大学,2013.
[11]李一飞.地质公园旅游环境容量规划及其实证研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2009.
[12]尹郑刚.沙漠旅游地生命周期演变研究——以巴丹吉林沙漠为例[J].经济地理,2011(6):1042-1046.
[13]程子彪,蒲小梅.沙坡头旅游区旅游环境容量的动态测评[J].内蒙古农业大学学报:社会科学版,2011(6):79-81.
[14]董瑞杰,董治宝.巴丹吉林沙漠景区旅游环境容量[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(5):1424-1433.
[15]宋咏梅,孙根年.论体验旅游的理论架构与塑造原则[J].社会科学家,2006,122(6):115-119.
[16]岳东贵,徐志信,赵刚,等.阿拉善双峰驼四季牧食行为的研究[J].内蒙古农牧学院学报,1999,20(3):17-24.
[17]李陇堂,薛晨浩,任婕.基于模糊理论的宁夏沙漠旅游环境影响综合评价[J].旅游研究,2015,7(2):45-51.
[18]李陇堂,薛晨浩,魏红磊.基于模拟实验沙漠景区沙丘植被对游客踩踏干扰的响应研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(9):113-118.
[19]李陇堂,薛晨浩,张至楠.沙漠型景区游步道沿线生态环境对踩踏干扰的响应[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(4):1048-1056.