河北平原冬小麦、夏玉米农田基础产量和地力贡献率分析
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摘要
为了解河北平原冬小麦、夏玉米农田基础产量状况,提高养分管理水平,对2011~2014年在河北省开展的894组小麦和952组玉米配方施肥农户示范数据进行了分析,评价了河北省冬小麦、夏玉米农田施肥量、基础产量、施肥产量、养分效率和地力贡献率。结果发现,河北冬小麦、夏玉米平均施氮(N)量分别为242和234 kg/hm~2,施磷(P2O5)量分别为65和59 kg/hm~2,施钾(K2O)量分别为45和61 kg/hm~2;冬小麦、夏玉米平均农田基础产量分别为4 509和5 979 kg/hm~2,农民习惯施肥平均产量分别为6 390和7 905 kg/hm~2;氮肥偏生产力分别平均为25.3和39.9 kg/kg,磷肥偏生产力平均为47.3和115.2 kg/kg,钾肥偏生产力平均为102.9和136.0 kg/kg。河北平原冬小麦、夏玉米的农田基础产量贡献率平均为70.6%和71.6%,农田地力贡献率随着基础产量水平的提高呈显著提高趋势,基础产量与施肥产量呈极显著线性相关关系。提高基础产量水平是保证河北省冬小麦、夏玉米高产的关键。
In order to understand the soil basic yield and percentage of basic soil fertility contribution(PBSFC) to winter wheat and summer maize in Hebei plain,a dataset include 894 wheat and 952 maize demonstration experiments,which were conducted by the National Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Project in Hebei Province,was built to evaluate the farmers' fertilization rates,basic yield,fertilization yield,nutrient use efficiency and percentage of soil fertility contribution.The results showed that the averaged farmers' fertilizer input of wheat and maize for N was 242 and 234 kg/hm~2,respectively; for P_2O_5 was 65 and 59 kg/hm~2,respectively; for K_2O was 45 and 61 kg/hm~2,respectively.The averaged basic yield of wheat and maize was 4 509 and 5 979 kg/hm~2,respectively; while the farmers' fertilization yield was 6 390 and 7 905 kg/hm~2,respectively.The partial fertilizer productivity(PFP) of wheat and maize for N was 25.3 and 39.9 kg/kg,respectively; for P was 47.3 and 115.2 kg/kg,respectively; for K was 102.9 and 136.0 kg/kg,respectively.The averaged percentage of basic soil fertility contribution for wheat and maize in Hebei plain was 70.6% and 71.6%,respectively.The PBSFC significantly increased with the basic yield level increasing,and the fertilization yield significant linearly correlated with the basic yield.This research indicated that the increasing the basic yield was the key factor which guaranteed the high yield of winter wheat and summer maize in the Hebei plain.
In order to understand the soil basic yield and percentage of basic soil fertility contribution(PBSFC) to winter wheat and summer maize in Hebei plain,a dataset include 894 wheat and 952 maize demonstration experiments,which were conducted by the National Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Project in Hebei Province,was built to evaluate the farmers' fertilization rates,basic yield,fertilization yield,nutrient use efficiency and percentage of soil fertility contribution.The results showed that the averaged farmers' fertilizer input of wheat and maize for N was 242 and 234 kg/hm~2,respectively; for P_2O_5 was 65 and 59 kg/hm~2,respectively; for K_2O was 45 and 61 kg/hm~2,respectively.The averaged basic yield of wheat and maize was 4 509 and 5 979 kg/hm~2,respectively; while the farmers' fertilization yield was 6 390 and 7 905 kg/hm~2,respectively.The partial fertilizer productivity(PFP) of wheat and maize for N was 25.3 and 39.9 kg/kg,respectively; for P was 47.3 and 115.2 kg/kg,respectively; for K was 102.9 and 136.0 kg/kg,respectively.The averaged percentage of basic soil fertility contribution for wheat and maize in Hebei plain was 70.6% and 71.6%,respectively.The PBSFC significantly increased with the basic yield level increasing,and the fertilization yield significant linearly correlated with the basic yield.This research indicated that the increasing the basic yield was the key factor which guaranteed the high yield of winter wheat and summer maize in the Hebei plain.
引文
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[4]贡付飞,查燕,武雪萍,等.长期不同施肥措施下潮土冬小麦农田基础地力演变分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(12):120-129.
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[11]查燕,武雪萍,张会民,等.长期有机无机配施黑土土壤有机碳对农田基础地力提升的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(23):4649-4659.
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[15]汤勇华,黄耀.中国大陆主要粮食作物地力贡献率及其影响因素的统计分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(4):1283-1289.
[16]王飞,林诚,李清华,等.长期不同施肥方式对南方黄泥田水稻产量及基础地力贡献率的影响[J].福建农业学报,2010,25(5):631-635.
[17]Jia S L,Wang X B,Yang Y M,et al.Fate of labeled urea-15N as basal and topdressing applications in an irrigated wheatmaize rotation system in North China Plain:I Winter wheat[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agro-ecosystem,2011,90:331-346.
[18]He C E,Liu X J,Zhang F S.Determining total N deposition using15N dilution technique in the North China Plain[J].Journal of Resources and Ecology,2010,1(1):75-82.
[2]王竺美,周鸣铮.浙江省水稻土基本肥力与水稻最高可得产量之间的关系探讨[J].土壤学报,1983,19(3):315-317.
[3]田生昌,马建军.土壤基础肥力对水稻产量的影响及施肥指标体系确立[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(27):1-4.
[4]贡付飞,查燕,武雪萍,等.长期不同施肥措施下潮土冬小麦农田基础地力演变分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(12):120-129.
[5]李忠芳,徐明岗,张会民,等.长期施肥下中国主要粮食作物产量的变化[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(7):2407-2414.
[6]汤勇华,黄耀.中国大陆主要粮食作物地力贡献率和基础产量的空间分布特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(5):1070-1078.
[7]谢锦良,方萍.水稻基础产量与最高产量的分布模型及相互关系[J].浙江农业大学学报,1994,20(3):317-321.
[8]Fan M S,Lal R,Cao J,et al.Plant-based assessment of inherent soil productivity and contributions to China's cereal crop yield increase since 1980[J].PLo S ONE,8(9):e74617.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074617.
[9]河北省人民政府.河北经济年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2015.
[10]黄少辉,杨云马,刘克桐,等.河北夏玉米产量潜力、产量差与氮肥效率差分析[J].玉米科学,2016,24(5):123-127,135.
[11]查燕,武雪萍,张会民,等.长期有机无机配施黑土土壤有机碳对农田基础地力提升的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(23):4649-4659.
[12]贾良良,孙彦铭,刘克桐,等.近30年河北省低平原区的粮田土壤肥力演变[J].河北农业科学,2016,(3):41-43.
[13]鲁艳红,廖育林,周兴,等.长期不同施肥对红壤性水稻土产量及基础地力的影响[J].土壤学报,2015,52(3):597-606.
[14]张水清,黄绍敏,娄翼来,等.华北潮土区不同肥力水平土壤基础地力研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(20):97-100.
[15]汤勇华,黄耀.中国大陆主要粮食作物地力贡献率及其影响因素的统计分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(4):1283-1289.
[16]王飞,林诚,李清华,等.长期不同施肥方式对南方黄泥田水稻产量及基础地力贡献率的影响[J].福建农业学报,2010,25(5):631-635.
[17]Jia S L,Wang X B,Yang Y M,et al.Fate of labeled urea-15N as basal and topdressing applications in an irrigated wheatmaize rotation system in North China Plain:I Winter wheat[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agro-ecosystem,2011,90:331-346.
[18]He C E,Liu X J,Zhang F S.Determining total N deposition using15N dilution technique in the North China Plain[J].Journal of Resources and Ecology,2010,1(1):75-82.