冷驯化对油松毛虫越冬幼虫过冷却点及主要耐寒物质的影响
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摘要
【目的】冷驯化可增强昆虫的耐寒性,本文研究旨在明确不同冷驯化条件下油松毛虫Dendrolimus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu越冬幼虫的过冷却点和主要耐寒物质的变化规律。【方法】利用热电偶方法测定越冬幼虫的过冷却点,分别采用差量法、氯仿甲醇法、苯酚硫酸法及毛细管气相测谱法测定其含水率、脂肪、糖原和小分子糖醇的含量。【结果】冷驯化会导致幼虫含水率显著降低;过冷却点和脂肪含量在低于环境气温5℃冷驯化后显著降低,当驯化温度低于环境气温10℃及以上则升高;糖原含量在9月份显著增加,越冬中期(1、3月份)含量略有降低但不显著;小分子糖醇含量的变化均不显著;海藻糖含量略降低;甘油、葡萄糖和半乳糖含量在低于环境气温5℃冷驯化后略降低,低于环境气温10℃冷驯化则升高。【结论】冷驯化使幼虫虫体含水率和脂肪含量降低,糖原含量提高,从而导致其过冷却点降低,耐寒能力提高;冷驯化的温度和时间均会影响其过冷却能力,在最适合的温度和时长可以最大程度提高其耐寒能力。研究结果为揭示油松毛幼虫的耐寒机制及潜在分布区预测提供了科学依据。
[Objectives] To explore the effects of cold acclimation on the cold hardiness of overwintering Dendrolimus tabulaeformis larvae. [Methods] Changes in supercooling point and major cold hardiness chemicals were measured. A thermocouple was used to measure supercooling points. Moisture, lipid, glycogen and small molecule sugar and alcohol content of larvae were determined using the delta rule, the chloroform-methanol method, phenol-sulfuric acid method and capillary gas chromatography, respectively. [Results] The moisture content, supercooling point and lipid content of D. tabulaeformis larvae acclimated to within 5℃ below ambient temperature declined significantly, but increased in larvae acclimated to within 10℃ below ambient temperature. Glycogen content significantly increased in September, but decreased slightly in January and March after cold acclimation. Changes in small molecular sugar and alcohol content were not significant. Trehalose content slightly decreased and glycerol, glucose and galactose decreased in larvae acclimated to within 5℃ below ambient temperature, but increased when larvae were acclimated to temperatures 10℃ below ambient temperature. [Conclusion] The observed changes in moisture, lipid, glycogen content and small molecular sugar and alcohols suggest that cold acclimation can increase the cold hardiness of D. tabulaeformis. The supercooling ability of D. tabulaeformis appears to be affected by both temperature and the time of cold acclimation, which suggests that there are optimal acclimation conditions that can maximize cold hardiness. These results provide a theoretical basis for revealing the cold hardiness mechanism and potential distribution of D. tabulaeformis.
[Objectives] To explore the effects of cold acclimation on the cold hardiness of overwintering Dendrolimus tabulaeformis larvae. [Methods] Changes in supercooling point and major cold hardiness chemicals were measured. A thermocouple was used to measure supercooling points. Moisture, lipid, glycogen and small molecule sugar and alcohol content of larvae were determined using the delta rule, the chloroform-methanol method, phenol-sulfuric acid method and capillary gas chromatography, respectively. [Results] The moisture content, supercooling point and lipid content of D. tabulaeformis larvae acclimated to within 5℃ below ambient temperature declined significantly, but increased in larvae acclimated to within 10℃ below ambient temperature. Glycogen content significantly increased in September, but decreased slightly in January and March after cold acclimation. Changes in small molecular sugar and alcohol content were not significant. Trehalose content slightly decreased and glycerol, glucose and galactose decreased in larvae acclimated to within 5℃ below ambient temperature, but increased when larvae were acclimated to temperatures 10℃ below ambient temperature. [Conclusion] The observed changes in moisture, lipid, glycogen content and small molecular sugar and alcohols suggest that cold acclimation can increase the cold hardiness of D. tabulaeformis. The supercooling ability of D. tabulaeformis appears to be affected by both temperature and the time of cold acclimation, which suggests that there are optimal acclimation conditions that can maximize cold hardiness. These results provide a theoretical basis for revealing the cold hardiness mechanism and potential distribution of D. tabulaeformis.
引文
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Behroozi E,Izadi H,Samih MA,Moharamipour S,2012.Physiological strategy in overwintering larvae of pistachio white leaf borer,Ocneria terebinthina Strg.(Lepidoptera:Lymantriidae)in Rafsanjan,Iran.Italian Journal of Zoology,79(1):44-49.
Chen CP,Denlinger DL,Lee RE,1987.Cold-shock injury and rapid cold hardening in the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis.Physiological Zoology,60(3):297-304.
Chen H,Liang GM,Zou LY,Guo F,Wu KM,Guo YY,2010.Research progresses in the cold hardiness of insects.Plant Protection,36(2):18-24.[陈豪,梁革梅,邹朗云,郭芳,吴孔明,郭予元,2010.昆虫抗寒性的研究进展.植物保护,36(2):18-24.]
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Duan XF,Wang XQ,Li PW,Tian JT,Peng P,Chen SC,2015.Effects of cold hardening on physiological indices related to cold tolerance in Ectropis obliqua pupaes.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,52(6):1413-1420.[段小凤,王晓庆,李品武,田景涛,彭萍,陈世春,2015.冷驯化对茶尺蠖抗寒性生理指标的影响.应用昆虫学报,52(6):1413-1420.]
Feng YQ,Wang JL,Zong SX,2014.Review of insect overwintering stages and cold-resistance strategies.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,30(9):22-25.[冯宇倩,王锦林,宗世祥,2014.昆虫越冬虫态及耐寒策略概述.中国农学通报,30(9):22-25.]
Feng YQ,Xu LL,Li WB,Xu ZC,Cao M,Wang JL,Tao J,Zong SX,2016.Seasonal changes in supercooling capacity and major cryoprotectants of overwintering Asian longhorned beetle(Anoplophora glabripennis)larvae.Agr.Forest Entomol.,18(3):302-312.
Feng YX,He WX,1994.Preliminary study on reducing cold resistance of stored-grain pests.(5):1-4.[冯玉香,何维勋,1994.降低储粮害虫抗寒力的初步研究.中国农业气象,(5):1-4.]
Folch J,Lees M,Sloane Stanley GH,1957.A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues.Journal of Biological Chemistry,226(1):497-509.
Han RD,Sun XG,Xu YY,Zhang WG,2005.The biochemical mechanism of cold-hardiness in overwintering larva of Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler(Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae).Acta Ecologica Sinica,25(6):1352-1356.
Han ZJ,Wang YC,You ZP,1989.Cold-hardiness mechanism of terrestrial insects.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,34(1):39-42.[韩召军,王荫长,尤子平,1989.陆生昆虫的抗寒性机制.昆虫知识,34(1):39-42.]
Harrington RR,Fleming I,Woiwood P,2001.Climate change impacts on insect management and conservation in temperate regions:Can they be predicted.Agricultural and Forest Entomology,3:233-240.
Jing XH,Kang L,2002.Research progress in insect cold hardines.Acta Ecologica Sinica,22(12):2202-2207.[景晓红,康乐,2002.昆虫耐寒性研究.生态学报,12(22):2202-2207.]
Jing XH,Kang L,2004.Overview and evaluation of research methodology for insect cold hardiness.Entomological Knowledge,41(1):7-10.[景晓红,康乐,2004.昆虫耐寒性的测定与评价方法.昆虫知识,40(1):7-10.]
Koveos DS,2001.Rapid cold hardening in the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae under laboratory and field conditions.Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,101(3):257-263.
Lee RE,1989.Insect cold-hardiness:to freeze or not to freeze.Bioscience,39(5):308-313.
Lee RE,1991.Principles of Insect Low Temperature Tolerance//Lee RE,Denlinger Dl(eds.).Insects at Low Temperature.New York:Springer US.17-46.
Li XP,Song LW,Zang HH,Chen YQ,Zuo TT,Wang J,Sun W,2012.Responses of Arma chinensis cold tolerance to rapid cold hardening and underlying physiological mechanisms.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,23(3):791-797.[李兴鹏,宋丽文,张宏浩,陈越渠,左彤彤,王君,孙伟,2012.蠋蝽抗寒性对快速冷驯化的响应及其生理机制.应用生态学报,23(3):791-797.]
Li Y,2013.Biology characteristic and prevention of Chinese pine larva aculeata.Modern Agricultural Science Technology,(21):165-167.[李燕,2013.油松毛虫生物学特性及其防治.现代农业科技,(21):165-167.]
Lin W,2008.Differences and mechanisms in cold tolerance of Chilo suppressalis larvae in different overwintering periods.Master dissertation.Hunan:Hunan Agricultural University.[林炜,2008.不同二化螟越冬幼虫种群抗寒性的差异及其机理研究.硕士学位论文.湖南:湖南农业大学.]
Liu YQ,1963.An overview of the geographical distribution of Dendrolimus Germar in the eastern part of China.Acta Entomologica Sinica,12(3):345-353.[刘友樵,1963.松毛虫属(Dendrolimus Germar)在中国东部的地理分布概述.昆虫学报,12(3):345-353.]
Liu Z,Gong P,Wu K,Wei W,Sun J,Li D,2007.Effects of larval host plants on over-wintering preparedness and survival of the cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae).Journal of Insect Physiology,53(10):1016-1026.
Michaud MR,Denlinger DL,2007.Shifts in the carbohydrate,polyol,and amino acid pools during rapid cold-hardening and diapause-associated cold-hardening in flesh flies(Sarcophaga crassipalpis):A metabolomic comparison.Journal of Comparative Physiology B,177(7):753-763.
Ouyang F,Liu ZD,Yin J,Su J,Wang C,Ge F,2011.Effect of transgenic Bt cotton on overwintering characteristics and survival of Helicoverpa armigera.Journal of Insect Physiology.,57(1):153-160.
Ouyang F,Ge F,2014.Determination and analysis of antifreeze and cold resistance of insects.Journal of Applied Entomology,51(6):1646-1652.[欧阳芳,戈峰,2014.昆虫抗冻耐寒能力的测定与分析方法.应用昆虫学报,51(6):1646-1652.]
Rajamohan A,Sinclair BJ,2008.Short-term hardening effects on survival of acute and chronic cold exposure by Drosophila melanogaster larvae.Journal of Insect Physiology,54(4):708-718.
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