西北太平洋秋刀鱼主要体征及繁殖特性研究
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摘要
根据2014年6—7月和10—11月于西北太平洋公海两航次采集的秋刀鱼样本,分析其性别比例、体长和体质量组成、摄食等级,以探究其生长、性腺及繁殖特性。研究结果表明,随着月份的增大,秋刀鱼雌性比例逐渐降低,雄性占比升高;6、7月雌、雄样本优势体长组与体质量组范围均较10、11月小;体长和体质量关系中,秋刀鱼雌性生长系数为3.24,雄性为2.82;各月样本胃饱满度以1级为主,F检验表明,除0级外,4个月内各摄食等级间呈显著差异(P<0.01);秋刀鱼雌、雄样本性腺发育以Ⅱ期为主,各性腺等级间差异不显著(P>0.05),雌性性腺指数在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期内大于雄性,Ⅴ、Ⅵ期内相反,逻辑斯蒂方程表明,秋刀鱼50%性成熟体长雌性为284.7 mm,雄性为267.4 mm;雌性秋刀鱼绝对繁殖力为1032～17 708粒/尾,平均值为(5522±3196)粒/尾,绝对繁殖力高的个体体长和体质量分别为280～320 mm、110～150 g。
The sex ratio, body length and body weight composition, feeding grade, growth, gonadal development and reproduction characteristics were investigated in samples of Pacific saury Cololabis saira collected during the two voyages in the Northwest Pacific Ocean from June to July and from October to November in 2014. The results showed that the proportion of female was gradually decreased while the proportion of male increased elapse of month. The ranges of dominant body length and body weight were found to be narrower in June and July than those in October and November with growth coefficient of 3.24 for female and 2.82 for male in the relationship between body length and body weight. F test revealed that there was significant difference in the feeding grades in four months except for grade 0(P<0.01), even though the monthly stomach fullness of grade 1 in the most samples. The stage Ⅱ was dominated in the developmental gonads of male and female, without significant difference in each gonadal developmental grade(P>0.05). However, there was higher gonado-somatic index(GSI)in female with Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ stage than that in male with Ⅴ and Ⅵ stage. The Logistic equation indicated that the female had body length of 284.7 mm and male had body length of 267.4 mm when they became maturity at a proportion of 50%, with absolute fecundity from 1032 to 17 708 eggs/individual female, an average of(5522±3196) eggs/individual, absolute fecundity in body length of 290—310 eggs/mm body length and absolute fecundity in body weight of 110—150 g.
The sex ratio, body length and body weight composition, feeding grade, growth, gonadal development and reproduction characteristics were investigated in samples of Pacific saury Cololabis saira collected during the two voyages in the Northwest Pacific Ocean from June to July and from October to November in 2014. The results showed that the proportion of female was gradually decreased while the proportion of male increased elapse of month. The ranges of dominant body length and body weight were found to be narrower in June and July than those in October and November with growth coefficient of 3.24 for female and 2.82 for male in the relationship between body length and body weight. F test revealed that there was significant difference in the feeding grades in four months except for grade 0(P<0.01), even though the monthly stomach fullness of grade 1 in the most samples. The stage Ⅱ was dominated in the developmental gonads of male and female, without significant difference in each gonadal developmental grade(P>0.05). However, there was higher gonado-somatic index(GSI)in female with Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ stage than that in male with Ⅴ and Ⅵ stage. The Logistic equation indicated that the female had body length of 284.7 mm and male had body length of 267.4 mm when they became maturity at a proportion of 50%, with absolute fecundity from 1032 to 17 708 eggs/individual female, an average of(5522±3196) eggs/individual, absolute fecundity in body length of 290—310 eggs/mm body length and absolute fecundity in body weight of 110—150 g.
引文
[1] 赵忠森, 赵德路, 王卫东. 西北太平洋秋刀鱼渔业介绍[J]. 天津水产,2001(4):9-12.
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[3] 叶旭昌, 刘瑜, 朱清澄, 等. 北太平洋公海秋刀鱼生物学特性初步研究[J]. 上海水产大学学报,2007,16(3):264-268.
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[5] 朱清澄, 杨明树, 高玉珍, 等. 西北太平洋秋刀鱼耳石生长与性成熟度、个体大小的关系[J]. 上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(2):263-270.
[6] Kurita Y. Regional and interannual variations in spawning activity of Paciic saury Cololabis saira during northward migration in spring in the north-western Pacific[J]. Journal of Fish Biology,2010,69(3):846-859.
[7] 朱清澄, 马伟刚, 刘昊, 等. 夏季西北太平洋公海秋刀鱼渔场浮游动物数量分布初步研究[J]. 上海水产大学学报,2008,17(1):118-122.
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[9] Suyama S. Ⅲ-3. Tank experiments:Pacific sacury Cololabis saira[J]. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,2012,78(4):808.
[10] 晏磊, 朱清澄, 张阳, 等. 2010年北太平洋公海秋刀鱼渔场分布及其与表温的关系[J]. 上海海洋大学学报,2012,21(4):609-615.
[11] 陈新军. 渔业资源与渔场学[M]. 2版.北京:海洋出版社,2014.
[12] 张阳,朱清澄,晏磊, 等.西北太平洋公海春季秋刀鱼生物学特性的初步研究[J]. 海洋湖沼通报,2013(1):53-60.
[13] Kosaka S. Life history of the Pacific saury Cololabis saira in the northwest Pacific and considerations on resource fluctuations based on it[J]. Bull Tohohu Natl Fish Res Inst,2000(63):1-96.
[14] 高春霞, 田思泉, 戴小杰, 等. 热带中东大西洋拟锥齿鲨生物学的初步研究[J]. 上海海洋大学学报,2013,22(2):289-294.
[15] 凌建忠, 程家骅, 任一平, 等. 东海带鱼主要体征与个体繁殖力的关系[J]. 中国水产科学,2004,11(2):116-120.
[16] 商李磊, 朱清澄, 晏磊, 等. 西北太平洋公海秋刀鱼生物学特性研究[J]. 江苏农业科学,2012,40(10):198-201.
[17] 黄洪亮, 张勋, 徐宝生, 等. 北太平洋公海秋刀鱼渔场初步分析[J]. 海洋渔业,2005,27(3):206-212.
[18] 汤振明, 黄洪亮, 石建高. 中国开发利用西北太平洋秋刀鱼资源的探讨[J]. 海洋科学,2004,28(10):56-59.
[19] Baitaliuk A A, Orlov A M, Ermakov Y K. Characteristic features of ecology of the Pacific saury Cololabis saira (Scomberesocidae, Beloniformes) in open waters and in the northeast Pacific Ocean[J]. Journal of Ichthyology,2013,53(11):899-913.
[20] Oozeki Y, Watanabe Y, Kurita Y, et al. Growth rate variability of Pacific saury, Cololabis saira, larvae in the Kuroshio waters[J]. Fisheries Oceanography,2010,12(4/5):419-424.
[21] 朱清澄, 夏辉, 叶旭昌, 等. 北太平洋公海秋刀鱼生物学特性初步研究[J]. 齐鲁渔业,2007,24(3):43-46.
[22] 张学健, 程家骅, 沈伟, 等. 黄繁殖生物学研究[J]. 中国水产科学,2011,18(2):290-298.
[23] 张阳. 西北太平洋公海秋刀鱼生物学特性与耳石形态研究[D]. 上海:上海海洋大学,2012:21-22.
[24] 朱清澄, 张衍栋, 夏辉, 等.秋刀鱼集鱼灯箱内不同灯位的照度实验比较研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2013,22(5):778-783.
[25] Nakaya M, Morioka T, Fukunaga K, et al. Growth and maturation of Pacific saury Cololabis saira under laboratory conditions[J]. Fisheries Science,2010,76(3):45-53.
[26] Matsumiya Y, Tanaka S. Dynamics of the saury population in the Pacific Ocean off northern Japan (Reproductive relations of large and medium size fish)[J]. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries,1978,44(5):451-455.
[27] Watanabe Y, Lo N C H. Larval production and mortality of Pacific saury, Cololabis saira, in the northwestern Pacific Ocean[J]. Fish Bull US,1989,78(3):601-613.
[28] Nakagami M, Suyama S, Naya M, et al. Stock assessment and estimation of the acceptable biological catch in 2015 for the Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) in the Northwestern Pacific[R]. Japan:Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute,2015.
[29] Suyama S, Shlmizu A, Isu S, et al. Determination of the spawning history of Pacific saury Cololabis saira from rearing experiments:identification of post-spawning fish from histological observations of ovarian arterioles [J]. Fish Science,2016,82(3):1-13.
[30] 李建生, 严利平, 胡芬, 等. 温台渔场日本鲭的繁殖生物学特征[J]. 中国水产科学,2015,22(1):99-105.
[2] 张孝民, 朱清澄, 花传祥. 2013年北太平洋公海秋刀鱼渔场与海洋环境的关系[J]. 上海海洋大学学报,2015,24(5):773-782.
[3] 叶旭昌, 刘瑜, 朱清澄, 等. 北太平洋公海秋刀鱼生物学特性初步研究[J]. 上海水产大学学报,2007,16(3):264-268.
[4] Mukai D, Kishi M J, Ito S I, et al. The importance of spawning seasons on the growth of Pacific saury:a model-based study using NEMURO. FISH [J]. Ecological Modelling,2007,202(1):165-173.
[5] 朱清澄, 杨明树, 高玉珍, 等. 西北太平洋秋刀鱼耳石生长与性成熟度、个体大小的关系[J]. 上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(2):263-270.
[6] Kurita Y. Regional and interannual variations in spawning activity of Paciic saury Cololabis saira during northward migration in spring in the north-western Pacific[J]. Journal of Fish Biology,2010,69(3):846-859.
[7] 朱清澄, 马伟刚, 刘昊, 等. 夏季西北太平洋公海秋刀鱼渔场浮游动物数量分布初步研究[J]. 上海水产大学学报,2008,17(1):118-122.
[8] 吴永辉. 北太平洋秋刀鱼渔场浮游植物生态特征的初步研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报,2006,8(4):37-39.
[9] Suyama S. Ⅲ-3. Tank experiments:Pacific sacury Cololabis saira[J]. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,2012,78(4):808.
[10] 晏磊, 朱清澄, 张阳, 等. 2010年北太平洋公海秋刀鱼渔场分布及其与表温的关系[J]. 上海海洋大学学报,2012,21(4):609-615.
[11] 陈新军. 渔业资源与渔场学[M]. 2版.北京:海洋出版社,2014.
[12] 张阳,朱清澄,晏磊, 等.西北太平洋公海春季秋刀鱼生物学特性的初步研究[J]. 海洋湖沼通报,2013(1):53-60.
[13] Kosaka S. Life history of the Pacific saury Cololabis saira in the northwest Pacific and considerations on resource fluctuations based on it[J]. Bull Tohohu Natl Fish Res Inst,2000(63):1-96.
[14] 高春霞, 田思泉, 戴小杰, 等. 热带中东大西洋拟锥齿鲨生物学的初步研究[J]. 上海海洋大学学报,2013,22(2):289-294.
[15] 凌建忠, 程家骅, 任一平, 等. 东海带鱼主要体征与个体繁殖力的关系[J]. 中国水产科学,2004,11(2):116-120.
[16] 商李磊, 朱清澄, 晏磊, 等. 西北太平洋公海秋刀鱼生物学特性研究[J]. 江苏农业科学,2012,40(10):198-201.
[17] 黄洪亮, 张勋, 徐宝生, 等. 北太平洋公海秋刀鱼渔场初步分析[J]. 海洋渔业,2005,27(3):206-212.
[18] 汤振明, 黄洪亮, 石建高. 中国开发利用西北太平洋秋刀鱼资源的探讨[J]. 海洋科学,2004,28(10):56-59.
[19] Baitaliuk A A, Orlov A M, Ermakov Y K. Characteristic features of ecology of the Pacific saury Cololabis saira (Scomberesocidae, Beloniformes) in open waters and in the northeast Pacific Ocean[J]. Journal of Ichthyology,2013,53(11):899-913.
[20] Oozeki Y, Watanabe Y, Kurita Y, et al. Growth rate variability of Pacific saury, Cololabis saira, larvae in the Kuroshio waters[J]. Fisheries Oceanography,2010,12(4/5):419-424.
[21] 朱清澄, 夏辉, 叶旭昌, 等. 北太平洋公海秋刀鱼生物学特性初步研究[J]. 齐鲁渔业,2007,24(3):43-46.
[22] 张学健, 程家骅, 沈伟, 等. 黄繁殖生物学研究[J]. 中国水产科学,2011,18(2):290-298.
[23] 张阳. 西北太平洋公海秋刀鱼生物学特性与耳石形态研究[D]. 上海:上海海洋大学,2012:21-22.
[24] 朱清澄, 张衍栋, 夏辉, 等.秋刀鱼集鱼灯箱内不同灯位的照度实验比较研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2013,22(5):778-783.
[25] Nakaya M, Morioka T, Fukunaga K, et al. Growth and maturation of Pacific saury Cololabis saira under laboratory conditions[J]. Fisheries Science,2010,76(3):45-53.
[26] Matsumiya Y, Tanaka S. Dynamics of the saury population in the Pacific Ocean off northern Japan (Reproductive relations of large and medium size fish)[J]. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries,1978,44(5):451-455.
[27] Watanabe Y, Lo N C H. Larval production and mortality of Pacific saury, Cololabis saira, in the northwestern Pacific Ocean[J]. Fish Bull US,1989,78(3):601-613.
[28] Nakagami M, Suyama S, Naya M, et al. Stock assessment and estimation of the acceptable biological catch in 2015 for the Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) in the Northwestern Pacific[R]. Japan:Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute,2015.
[29] Suyama S, Shlmizu A, Isu S, et al. Determination of the spawning history of Pacific saury Cololabis saira from rearing experiments:identification of post-spawning fish from histological observations of ovarian arterioles [J]. Fish Science,2016,82(3):1-13.
[30] 李建生, 严利平, 胡芬, 等. 温台渔场日本鲭的繁殖生物学特征[J]. 中国水产科学,2015,22(1):99-105.