预算约束下的最优公私合作模式与福利分析
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摘要
讨论不同所有权结构下,政府预算约束对公私合作项目中企业的质量创新和成本创新投入以及社会福利的影响,并分析引入使用者付费条款对缓解政府预算压力的作用。研究发现,若政府面临预算约束,当创新溢出效应或成本创新负效应较大时,项目由政府所有更有利于减轻政府财政负担,而且可以引导企业合理配置用于两类创新的资金,更可能提升社会福利。使用者付费条款可降低公私合作项目中的政府支出,弱化政府预算约束对创新投入水平的限制作用,同时将创新的外部性内生到企业决策过程中。此时项目由企业拥有在节约政府支出方面的优势更加明显,更可能提升社会福利。本文从预算约束和创新收益的分配方式出发,在经济学理论方面为公私合作项目的有效设计提供建议。
引文
(1)广西来宾B电厂、成都第六水厂、广东电白高速公路、武汉军山长江大桥和长沙望城电厂。
(2)2014年企业参与新建的基础设施中能源、交通、供水与污水处理项目分别达1570亿、490亿、330亿美元。数据来自世界银行《2014 Global PPI Update》。
(3)数据来自英国财政部在2003年1月发布的报告PFI:Meeting the Investment Challenge。
(1)中国人民共和国财政部:《关于推广运用政府和社会资本合作模式有关问题的通知》,财金[2014]76号。
(2)Oliver Hart, Andrei Shleifer, Robert W. Vishny,"The Proper Scope of Government:Theory and an Application to Prisons",Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.112, no.4, 1997, pp. 1127-1161.
(3)John Bennett,Elisabetta Iossa,"Building and Managing Facilities for Public Services", Journal of Public Economics,vol.90, no.10-11, 2006, pp.2143-2160.
(4)David Martimort, Jerome Pouyet,"To Build or Not to Build:Normative and Positive Theories of Public-Private Partnerships", International Journal of lndustrial Organization, vol.26, no.2, 2008, pp.393-411.
(5)Bin R. Chen, Y. Stephen Chiu,"Public-private Partnerships:Task Interdependence and Contractibility", International Journal of Industrial Organization,vol.28, no.6, 2010, pp.591-603.
(6)Elisabetta Iossa, and David Martimort,"Risk Allocation and the Costs and Benefits of Public-private Partnerships",Rand Journal of Economics, vol.43, no.3, 2012, pp.442-474.
(7)叶光亮、程龙、易丹:《PPP模式、混合所有制企业与社会福利》,《社会科学战线》2018年第6期。
(8)王俊豪、付金存:《公私合作制的本质特征与中国城市公用事业的政策选择》,《中国工业经济》2014年第7期。
(9)宋小宁、陈斌、吴明琴:《基础设施供给模式选择研究——基于公私合作(PPP)和政府采购的比较》,《厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014年第3期。
(10)赖丹馨、费方域:《公私合作制(PPP)的效率:一个综述》,《经济学家》2010年第7期。
(1)Marco Buso, Frederic Marty, Phuong Tra Tran,"Public-Private Partnerships from Budget Constraints:Looking for Debt Hiding", International Journal of lndustrial Organization, vol.51,2017, pp.56-84.
(2)Eduardo Engel,Ronald Fischer,Alexander Galetovic,"The Basic Public Finance of Public-Private Partnerships",Journal of the European Economic Association, vol.11, no.11,2013, pp.83-111.
(3)John Bennett,Elisabetta Iossa,"Building and Managing Facilities for Public Services", Journal of Public Economics,vol.90, no. 10-11, 2006, pp. 2143-2160.
(4)Bin R. Chen, Y. Stephen Chiu,"Public-private partnerships:Task Interdependence and Contractibility", International Journal of lndustrial Organization, vol.28, no.6, 2010, pp.591-603.
(5)Oliver Hart, Andrei Shleifer, Robert W. Vishny,"The Proper Scope of Government:Theory and an Application to Prisons", Qnarterly Journal of Economics, vol.112, no.4, 1997, pp.1127-1161.
(2)2014年企业参与新建的基础设施中能源、交通、供水与污水处理项目分别达1570亿、490亿、330亿美元。数据来自世界银行《2014 Global PPI Update》。
(3)数据来自英国财政部在2003年1月发布的报告PFI:Meeting the Investment Challenge。
(1)中国人民共和国财政部:《关于推广运用政府和社会资本合作模式有关问题的通知》,财金[2014]76号。
(2)Oliver Hart, Andrei Shleifer, Robert W. Vishny,"The Proper Scope of Government:Theory and an Application to Prisons",Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.112, no.4, 1997, pp. 1127-1161.
(3)John Bennett,Elisabetta Iossa,"Building and Managing Facilities for Public Services", Journal of Public Economics,vol.90, no.10-11, 2006, pp.2143-2160.
(4)David Martimort, Jerome Pouyet,"To Build or Not to Build:Normative and Positive Theories of Public-Private Partnerships", International Journal of lndustrial Organization, vol.26, no.2, 2008, pp.393-411.
(5)Bin R. Chen, Y. Stephen Chiu,"Public-private Partnerships:Task Interdependence and Contractibility", International Journal of Industrial Organization,vol.28, no.6, 2010, pp.591-603.
(6)Elisabetta Iossa, and David Martimort,"Risk Allocation and the Costs and Benefits of Public-private Partnerships",Rand Journal of Economics, vol.43, no.3, 2012, pp.442-474.
(7)叶光亮、程龙、易丹:《PPP模式、混合所有制企业与社会福利》,《社会科学战线》2018年第6期。
(8)王俊豪、付金存:《公私合作制的本质特征与中国城市公用事业的政策选择》,《中国工业经济》2014年第7期。
(9)宋小宁、陈斌、吴明琴:《基础设施供给模式选择研究——基于公私合作(PPP)和政府采购的比较》,《厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014年第3期。
(10)赖丹馨、费方域:《公私合作制(PPP)的效率:一个综述》,《经济学家》2010年第7期。
(1)Marco Buso, Frederic Marty, Phuong Tra Tran,"Public-Private Partnerships from Budget Constraints:Looking for Debt Hiding", International Journal of lndustrial Organization, vol.51,2017, pp.56-84.
(2)Eduardo Engel,Ronald Fischer,Alexander Galetovic,"The Basic Public Finance of Public-Private Partnerships",Journal of the European Economic Association, vol.11, no.11,2013, pp.83-111.
(3)John Bennett,Elisabetta Iossa,"Building and Managing Facilities for Public Services", Journal of Public Economics,vol.90, no. 10-11, 2006, pp. 2143-2160.
(4)Bin R. Chen, Y. Stephen Chiu,"Public-private partnerships:Task Interdependence and Contractibility", International Journal of lndustrial Organization, vol.28, no.6, 2010, pp.591-603.
(5)Oliver Hart, Andrei Shleifer, Robert W. Vishny,"The Proper Scope of Government:Theory and an Application to Prisons", Qnarterly Journal of Economics, vol.112, no.4, 1997, pp.1127-1161.