基于模糊数学的油藏干层识别研究
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摘要
在精细油藏地质认识的基础上进行注采精细调整是高含水老油田挖潜工作的重要出路。通过对渤海湾中深层油藏储层的精细认识及实际生产动态资料分析,认为部分与油井相通的水井干层具有一定的吸水能力,因此有效利用干层能够进一步完善注采关系、提高水驱动用程度以最终提高水驱采收率。决定与油层相通的干层是否可以利用的因素多而复杂,将主成分分析方法与模糊贴近度理论结合,利用各判别变量的综合信息建立一种模糊隶属度判别函数的识别方法,既降低了初始变量的维数,又保证了判别函数的全面性及准确性。实例分析表明,模糊贴近度识别方法对干层的有效性识别准确率超过85%以上,用数值模拟方法进行分析对比,干层的有效利用可使注采关系得到了进一步完善,开采效果明显提高。因此,该综合判别法结果可靠,实用性较强,能够指导油田生产实际。
It is important to make fine adjustments to the injection and production of oil fields based on detailed geological understanding of reservoirs for the development of high-water-cut wells in mature oil fields. This work has studied a detailed description of the middle and deep layers of the oil/oil-water/water reservoir in Bohai Bay and a data analysis of its actual oil production. It is assumed that some dry layers of water wells connected with oil wells demonstrate a certain degree of water absorption. Therefore, the effective use of a dry layer can further increase the injection-production ratio, improve the water drive degree, and ultimately enhance the water absorption ratio. The connection of a dry layer with an oil reservoir depends on many complex factors. This study has employed the principal component analysis and theory of fuzzy closeness to propose an identification method for the membership function of a fuzzy set using the integrated information of each discriminant variable. This method has reduced the dimension of initial variables while ensuring comprehensiveness and accuracy of the discriminant function.Research results show that the proposed method based on fuzzy closeness has achieved an accuracy of over 85% in terms of the effective identification of dry layers. A numerical simulation has been adopted for data analysis and comparison. The effective use of the dry layer has further enhanced the injection-production ratio and significantly improved the oil development. Considering the aforementioned factors, it is established that the comprehensive identification method is reliable and fairly practical for the future development of oilfields.
It is important to make fine adjustments to the injection and production of oil fields based on detailed geological understanding of reservoirs for the development of high-water-cut wells in mature oil fields. This work has studied a detailed description of the middle and deep layers of the oil/oil-water/water reservoir in Bohai Bay and a data analysis of its actual oil production. It is assumed that some dry layers of water wells connected with oil wells demonstrate a certain degree of water absorption. Therefore, the effective use of a dry layer can further increase the injection-production ratio, improve the water drive degree, and ultimately enhance the water absorption ratio. The connection of a dry layer with an oil reservoir depends on many complex factors. This study has employed the principal component analysis and theory of fuzzy closeness to propose an identification method for the membership function of a fuzzy set using the integrated information of each discriminant variable. This method has reduced the dimension of initial variables while ensuring comprehensiveness and accuracy of the discriminant function.Research results show that the proposed method based on fuzzy closeness has achieved an accuracy of over 85% in terms of the effective identification of dry layers. A numerical simulation has been adopted for data analysis and comparison. The effective use of the dry layer has further enhanced the injection-production ratio and significantly improved the oil development. Considering the aforementioned factors, it is established that the comprehensive identification method is reliable and fairly practical for the future development of oilfields.
引文
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[7]陈程,孙义梅,邓宏文.油田开发后期扇三角洲前缘微相分析及应用[J].现代地质,2001,15(1):88-93. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2001.01.016CHEN Cheng, SUN Yimei, DENG Hongwen. Microfacies analysis of fan delta front and its application in Shuanghe Oil Field[J]. Geoscience, 2001, 15(1):88-93.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2001.01.016
[8]付国民,李永军,石京平.特高含水期扇三角洲储集层剩余油分布及挖潜途径[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,30(2):178-183. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2003.02.010FU Guomin, LI Yongjun, SHI Jingping. Residual oil distribution and the approach of tapping the latent power of the fan delta reservoir during the high water cut stage[J]. Journal Of Chengdu University Of Technology(Science&Technology Edition), 2003, 30(2):178-183.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2003.02.010
[9]王友净.高尚堡深层北区沙三段二、三亚段沉积特征与砂体结构[J].油气地质与采收率,2010, 17(2):14-16.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.2010.02.004WANG Youjing. Gao Shangpu deep and north Es32+3 sedimentary characteristics and sand body structure[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2010, 17(2):14-16. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.2010.02.004
[10]秦同洛.实用油藏工程方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989.QIN Tongluo. Practical reservoir engineering method[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press, 1989.
[11]孙国.胜坨油田特高含水期井网重组技术优化研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2005, 12(3):48-50. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.2005.03.015SUN Guo. The well pattern reorganization of Sheng Tuo Oilfield in extra-high water-cut period[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2005, 12(3):48-50. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.2005.03.015
[12]辛治国.应用模糊综合评判法评价油层水淹状况[J].油气地质与采收率,2007, 14(6):88-90. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.2007.06.027XIN Zhiguo. Evaluation of watered out behavior of reservoirs using fuzzy comprehensive assessment[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2007, 14(6):88-90. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.2007.06.027
[13]何琰.基于模糊综合评判与层次分析的储层定量评价——以包界地区须家河组为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(1):23-25,29. doi:10.3969/j.issn. 1009-9603.2011.01.007HE Yan. A quantitative reservoir evaluation method based on fuzzy comprehensive appraisal and analytical hierarchy process-Case of Xujiahe Formation, Baojie Area[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2011,18(1):23-25, 29. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.2011.01.007
[14]刘正锋,燕军.模糊识别方法在储层识别中的应用[J].西南石油学院学报,1998, 20(3):4-6. doi:10.-3863/j.issn.1674-5086.1998.03.002LIU Zhengfeng, YAN Jun. The Application of fuzzy technique in reservoir identification[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute, 1998,20(3):4-6. doi:10.3863/j.issn.-1674-5086.1998.03.002
[15]冯国庆,李允,谈德辉.模糊贴近度在储层识别中的应用[J].西南石油学院学报,1999, 21(4):46-49. doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.1999.04.013FENG Guoqing, LI Yun, TAN Dehui, The application of the fuzzy degree in reservoir identification[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute, 1999, 21(4):46-49. doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.1999.04.013
[16]刘丽.基于密闭取心井和模糊评判分析埕岛油田水淹状况[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2012, 42(6):995-999. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-274X.2012.06.025LIU Li. Water out behavior analysis of Chengdao Oilfield by sealing core drilling and fuzzy comprehensive evalua-tion[J]. Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition), 2012, 42(6):995-999. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-274X.2012.06.025
[17]夏崇双,刘林清,张理,等.四川盆地老气田二次开发优化技术及应用[J].天然气工业,2016, 36(9):80-89.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2016.09.009XIA Chongshuang, LIU Linqing, ZHANG Li, et al. Optimization for the secondary development of old gas fields in the Sichuan Basin and its application[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2016, 36(9):80-89. doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2016.09.009
[18]查娜.大庆油田二次开发技术策略及实践[J].科技和产业,2013,13(4):151-154.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1807.2013.04.035CHA Na. The technical policy and practice of the secondary development in Daqing Oilfield[J]. Science Technology and Industry, 2013, 13(4):151-154. doi:10.-3969/j.issn.1671-1807.2013.04.035
[19]何江川.中国石油二次开发技术与实践(2008-2010年)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.HE Jiangchuan. The second development technology and practice of china petroleum(2008-2010)[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press, 2012.
[20]马贵阳,宫清君,潘振,等.基于支持向量机结合遗传算法的天然气水合物相平衡研究[J].天然气工业,2017,37(5):46-52. doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.-2017.05.006MA Guiyang, GONG Qingjun, PAN Zhen, et al. GA-SVM based study on natural gas hydrate phase equilibrium[J].Natural Gas Industry, 2017, 37(5):46-52. doi:10.3787/j.-issn. 1000-0976.2017.05.006
[2]胡文瑞.中国石油二次开发技术综述[J].特种油气藏,2007, 14(6):1-4. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2007.06.001HU Wenrui. The summarize of the PetroChina mature field redevelopment technologies[J]. Special Oil and Gas Reservoir, 2007, 14(6):1-4. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2007.06.001
[3]韩大匡.关于高含水油田二次开发理念、对策和技术路线的探讨[J].石油勘探与开发,2010, 37(5):583-591.HAN Dakuang. Discussions on concepts, countermeasures and technical routes for the redevelopment of high water-cut oilfields[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2010, 37(5):583-591.
[4]冉启佐.高尚堡深层北区沙三段二、三亚段沉积体系与沉积相[J].石油与天然气地质,1997, 18(1):13-16.RAN Qizuo. Gao Shangpu deep and north Es32+3 sedimentary system and sedimentary facies[J]. Oil&Gas Geology, 1997, 18(1):13-16.
[5]叶庆全.油气田开发地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999.YE Qingquan. Development of oil and gas geology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press, 1999.
[6]穆龙新.储层井细研究方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000.MU Longxin. Reservoir sophisticated research methods[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press, 2000.
[7]陈程,孙义梅,邓宏文.油田开发后期扇三角洲前缘微相分析及应用[J].现代地质,2001,15(1):88-93. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2001.01.016CHEN Cheng, SUN Yimei, DENG Hongwen. Microfacies analysis of fan delta front and its application in Shuanghe Oil Field[J]. Geoscience, 2001, 15(1):88-93.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2001.01.016
[8]付国民,李永军,石京平.特高含水期扇三角洲储集层剩余油分布及挖潜途径[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,30(2):178-183. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2003.02.010FU Guomin, LI Yongjun, SHI Jingping. Residual oil distribution and the approach of tapping the latent power of the fan delta reservoir during the high water cut stage[J]. Journal Of Chengdu University Of Technology(Science&Technology Edition), 2003, 30(2):178-183.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2003.02.010
[9]王友净.高尚堡深层北区沙三段二、三亚段沉积特征与砂体结构[J].油气地质与采收率,2010, 17(2):14-16.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.2010.02.004WANG Youjing. Gao Shangpu deep and north Es32+3 sedimentary characteristics and sand body structure[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2010, 17(2):14-16. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.2010.02.004
[10]秦同洛.实用油藏工程方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989.QIN Tongluo. Practical reservoir engineering method[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press, 1989.
[11]孙国.胜坨油田特高含水期井网重组技术优化研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2005, 12(3):48-50. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.2005.03.015SUN Guo. The well pattern reorganization of Sheng Tuo Oilfield in extra-high water-cut period[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2005, 12(3):48-50. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.2005.03.015
[12]辛治国.应用模糊综合评判法评价油层水淹状况[J].油气地质与采收率,2007, 14(6):88-90. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.2007.06.027XIN Zhiguo. Evaluation of watered out behavior of reservoirs using fuzzy comprehensive assessment[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2007, 14(6):88-90. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.2007.06.027
[13]何琰.基于模糊综合评判与层次分析的储层定量评价——以包界地区须家河组为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(1):23-25,29. doi:10.3969/j.issn. 1009-9603.2011.01.007HE Yan. A quantitative reservoir evaluation method based on fuzzy comprehensive appraisal and analytical hierarchy process-Case of Xujiahe Formation, Baojie Area[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2011,18(1):23-25, 29. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.2011.01.007
[14]刘正锋,燕军.模糊识别方法在储层识别中的应用[J].西南石油学院学报,1998, 20(3):4-6. doi:10.-3863/j.issn.1674-5086.1998.03.002LIU Zhengfeng, YAN Jun. The Application of fuzzy technique in reservoir identification[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute, 1998,20(3):4-6. doi:10.3863/j.issn.-1674-5086.1998.03.002
[15]冯国庆,李允,谈德辉.模糊贴近度在储层识别中的应用[J].西南石油学院学报,1999, 21(4):46-49. doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.1999.04.013FENG Guoqing, LI Yun, TAN Dehui, The application of the fuzzy degree in reservoir identification[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute, 1999, 21(4):46-49. doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.1999.04.013
[16]刘丽.基于密闭取心井和模糊评判分析埕岛油田水淹状况[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2012, 42(6):995-999. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-274X.2012.06.025LIU Li. Water out behavior analysis of Chengdao Oilfield by sealing core drilling and fuzzy comprehensive evalua-tion[J]. Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition), 2012, 42(6):995-999. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-274X.2012.06.025
[17]夏崇双,刘林清,张理,等.四川盆地老气田二次开发优化技术及应用[J].天然气工业,2016, 36(9):80-89.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2016.09.009XIA Chongshuang, LIU Linqing, ZHANG Li, et al. Optimization for the secondary development of old gas fields in the Sichuan Basin and its application[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2016, 36(9):80-89. doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2016.09.009
[18]查娜.大庆油田二次开发技术策略及实践[J].科技和产业,2013,13(4):151-154.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1807.2013.04.035CHA Na. The technical policy and practice of the secondary development in Daqing Oilfield[J]. Science Technology and Industry, 2013, 13(4):151-154. doi:10.-3969/j.issn.1671-1807.2013.04.035
[19]何江川.中国石油二次开发技术与实践(2008-2010年)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.HE Jiangchuan. The second development technology and practice of china petroleum(2008-2010)[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press, 2012.
[20]马贵阳,宫清君,潘振,等.基于支持向量机结合遗传算法的天然气水合物相平衡研究[J].天然气工业,2017,37(5):46-52. doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.-2017.05.006MA Guiyang, GONG Qingjun, PAN Zhen, et al. GA-SVM based study on natural gas hydrate phase equilibrium[J].Natural Gas Industry, 2017, 37(5):46-52. doi:10.3787/j.-issn. 1000-0976.2017.05.006