售电市场建设发展成效评估国际经验及我国售电市场评估体系
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摘要
构建售电市场建设发展成效评估体系对于促进售电侧改革高质量发展具有重要的现实意义。在系统研究了美国得州、英国、澳大利亚、新西兰、日本和荷兰等国家和地区售电市场建设发展成效评估典型做法的基础上,从评估主体、评估周期等维度总结了分析工作体系经验,同时研究了评估指标体系共性及差异化特点。在此基础上构建了我国售电市场建设发展成效评估体系,研究了承担评估主体、评估周期和成果发布等工作体系关键问题,研究构建了我国售电市场建设发展成效评估指标体系,包括客户行使选择权、售电市场结构、售电竞争效率、客户服务情况4类二级指标、共17项三级指标。
It is of great practical significance to construct evaluation system for promoting high quality development of China's electricity retail market. Based on systematic study of typical electricity retail market evaluation practices in Texas of the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Japan and the Netherlands, their work systems were summarized and analyzed from the aspects of evaluation entities and evaluation cycle. Meanwhile, the similarities and differences of their evaluation index systems were also studied. Then a China's electricity retail market evaluation system was constructed, and the key issues of the work system such as assessment subject, evaluation cycle, and result publication were researched. An evaluation index system was proposed, including 4 major second class indicators: customer option exercise, retail market structure, retail market competition efficiency and customer service situation, covering 17 third class indicators in total.
It is of great practical significance to construct evaluation system for promoting high quality development of China's electricity retail market. Based on systematic study of typical electricity retail market evaluation practices in Texas of the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Japan and the Netherlands, their work systems were summarized and analyzed from the aspects of evaluation entities and evaluation cycle. Meanwhile, the similarities and differences of their evaluation index systems were also studied. Then a China's electricity retail market evaluation system was constructed, and the key issues of the work system such as assessment subject, evaluation cycle, and result publication were researched. An evaluation index system was proposed, including 4 major second class indicators: customer option exercise, retail market structure, retail market competition efficiency and customer service situation, covering 17 third class indicators in total.
引文
[1]曹清山,郑梦莲,丁一,等.新电改背景下基于多属性决策的电力客户评估和选择研究[J].电网技术,2018,42(1):117-125.Cao Qingshan,Zheng Menglian,Ding Yi,et al.Multi-attribute decision making model for customer evaluation and selection in electricity market[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(1):117-125(in Chinese).
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[3]张晓萱,薛松,杨素,等.售电侧市场放开国际经验及其启示[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(9):1-8.Zhang Xiaoxuan,Xue Song,Yang Su,et al.International experience and lessons in power sales side market liberalization[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(9):1-8(in Chinese).
[4]孔祥瑞,李鹏,严正,等.售电侧放开环境下的电力市场压力测试分析[J].电网技术,2016,40(11):3279-3286.Kong Xiangrui,Li Peng,Yan Zheng,et al.Stress testing on electricity market with retail transactions opened[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(11):3279-3286(in Chinese).
[5]胡晨,杜松怀,苏娟,等.新电改背景下我国售电公司的购售电途径与经营模式探讨[J].电网技术,2016,40(11):3293-3299.Hu Chen,Du Songhuai,Su Juan,et al.Preliminary research of trading approach and management modes of Chinese electricity retail companies under new electricity market reform[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(11):3293-3299(in Chinese).
[6]尹龙,刘继春,高红均,等.考虑多种用户价格机制下的综合型能源售电公司购电竞价策略[J].电网技术,2018,42(1):88-95.Yin Long,Liu Jichun,Gao Hongjun,et al.Study on bidding strategy of comprehensive power retailer under multiple user-price mechanisms[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(1):88-95(in Chinese).
[7]杨萌,艾欣,唐亮,等.计及风险规避的售电公司平衡市场优化交易策略研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(11):3300-3308.Yang Meng,Ai Xin,Tang Liang,et al.Optimal trading strategy in balancing market for electricity retailer considering risk aversion[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(11):3300-3308(in Chinese).
[8]王占洋,赵文会,高鹏,等.考虑网络外部性的电力增值服务销售策略模型[J].电网技术,2018,42(7):2213-2220.Wang Zhanyang,Zhao Wenhui,Gao Peng,et al.Sale strategy model of electricity value-added services considering network externalities[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(7):2213-2220(in Chinese).
[9]孙云涛,宋依群,姚良忠,等.售电市场环境下电力用户选择售电公司行为研究[J].电网技术,2018,42(4):1124-1131.Sun Yuntao,Song Yiqun,Yao Liangzhong,et al.Study on power consumers’choices of electricity retailers in electricity selling market[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(4):1124-1131(in Chinese).
[10]国网能源研究院.国外电力市场化改革分析报告(2017)[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2017.
[11]Steven L P,Jeremy W.Efficient retail pricing in electricity and natural gas markets[J].American Economic Review,2013,10(3):35-55.
[12]Jiang Ziqing,Ai Qian.Agent-based simulation for symmetric electricity market considering price-based demand response[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2017,5(5):810-819.
[13]薛松,张晓萱.电力市场交易价格波动风险管控[J].中国电力企业管理,2017,34(12):45-47.
[14]Distributed Energy Financial Group LLC(DEFG).Annual baseline assessment of choice in Canada and the United States(ABACCUS)[R].Texas,2015.
[15]Public Utility Commission of Texas(PUCT).2017 Scope of competition in electric markets in Texas[R].Texas,2017.
[16]Office of Gas and Electricity Markets(Ofgem).State of the energy market 2017[R].London:October 2017.
[17]Australia Energy Regulator(AER).Annual report on compliance&performance of the retail energy market 2016-17[R].Canberra,2017.
[18]Electricity Authority(EA).Electricity market performance 2015[R].Wellington:Jan.2016.
[19]杨素,魏哲,马莉.日本新一轮电改的启示[N].国家电网报,2014-01-06(8).
[20]內閣府.電力?ガス小売自由化に関する課題についての消費者委員会意見[Z].2017-05-23.
[21]Bert W,Machiel M.Competition in retail electricity markets:an assessment of ten years Dutch experience[R].Tilburg:Tilburg University,2016.
[22]Federal Reserve.An econometric assessment of electricity demand in the united states using panel data and the impact of retail competition on prices[R/OL].[2018-07-30].https://docplayer.net/1484157-Aneconometric-assessment-of-electricity-demand-in-the-united-states-usi ng-panel-data-and-the-impact-of-retail-competition-on-prices.html#do wnload_tab_content.
[23]刘文茂,吴建军,杨昆.电力市场中的市场力指标及表现形式[J].电网技术,2007,31(S2):211-214.Liu Wenmao,Wu Jianjun,Yang Kun.Index system for evaluating the market power and it’s representation in electricity market[J].Power System Technology,2007,31(S2):211-214(in Chinese).
[24]王钦,文福拴,刘敏,等.电力市场评价指标体系的构建[J].电力技术经济,2008,20(5):21-26.Wang Qin,Wen Fushuan,Liu Min,et al.Development of evaluation indices system for power market[J].Electric Power Technologic Economics,2008,20(5):21-26(in Chinese).
[25]马莉,黄李明,薛松,等.中国新一轮电力市场改革试点有序运行关键问题[J].中国电力,2017,50(4):17-22.Ma Li,Huang Liming,Xue Song,et al.Key issues for orderly operation of China’s new electricity market reform pilot[J].Electric Power,2017,50(4):17-22(in Chinese).
[2]国网能源研究院.国外电力市场化改革分析报告(2016)[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2016.
[3]张晓萱,薛松,杨素,等.售电侧市场放开国际经验及其启示[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(9):1-8.Zhang Xiaoxuan,Xue Song,Yang Su,et al.International experience and lessons in power sales side market liberalization[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(9):1-8(in Chinese).
[4]孔祥瑞,李鹏,严正,等.售电侧放开环境下的电力市场压力测试分析[J].电网技术,2016,40(11):3279-3286.Kong Xiangrui,Li Peng,Yan Zheng,et al.Stress testing on electricity market with retail transactions opened[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(11):3279-3286(in Chinese).
[5]胡晨,杜松怀,苏娟,等.新电改背景下我国售电公司的购售电途径与经营模式探讨[J].电网技术,2016,40(11):3293-3299.Hu Chen,Du Songhuai,Su Juan,et al.Preliminary research of trading approach and management modes of Chinese electricity retail companies under new electricity market reform[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(11):3293-3299(in Chinese).
[6]尹龙,刘继春,高红均,等.考虑多种用户价格机制下的综合型能源售电公司购电竞价策略[J].电网技术,2018,42(1):88-95.Yin Long,Liu Jichun,Gao Hongjun,et al.Study on bidding strategy of comprehensive power retailer under multiple user-price mechanisms[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(1):88-95(in Chinese).
[7]杨萌,艾欣,唐亮,等.计及风险规避的售电公司平衡市场优化交易策略研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(11):3300-3308.Yang Meng,Ai Xin,Tang Liang,et al.Optimal trading strategy in balancing market for electricity retailer considering risk aversion[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(11):3300-3308(in Chinese).
[8]王占洋,赵文会,高鹏,等.考虑网络外部性的电力增值服务销售策略模型[J].电网技术,2018,42(7):2213-2220.Wang Zhanyang,Zhao Wenhui,Gao Peng,et al.Sale strategy model of electricity value-added services considering network externalities[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(7):2213-2220(in Chinese).
[9]孙云涛,宋依群,姚良忠,等.售电市场环境下电力用户选择售电公司行为研究[J].电网技术,2018,42(4):1124-1131.Sun Yuntao,Song Yiqun,Yao Liangzhong,et al.Study on power consumers’choices of electricity retailers in electricity selling market[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(4):1124-1131(in Chinese).
[10]国网能源研究院.国外电力市场化改革分析报告(2017)[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2017.
[11]Steven L P,Jeremy W.Efficient retail pricing in electricity and natural gas markets[J].American Economic Review,2013,10(3):35-55.
[12]Jiang Ziqing,Ai Qian.Agent-based simulation for symmetric electricity market considering price-based demand response[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2017,5(5):810-819.
[13]薛松,张晓萱.电力市场交易价格波动风险管控[J].中国电力企业管理,2017,34(12):45-47.
[14]Distributed Energy Financial Group LLC(DEFG).Annual baseline assessment of choice in Canada and the United States(ABACCUS)[R].Texas,2015.
[15]Public Utility Commission of Texas(PUCT).2017 Scope of competition in electric markets in Texas[R].Texas,2017.
[16]Office of Gas and Electricity Markets(Ofgem).State of the energy market 2017[R].London:October 2017.
[17]Australia Energy Regulator(AER).Annual report on compliance&performance of the retail energy market 2016-17[R].Canberra,2017.
[18]Electricity Authority(EA).Electricity market performance 2015[R].Wellington:Jan.2016.
[19]杨素,魏哲,马莉.日本新一轮电改的启示[N].国家电网报,2014-01-06(8).
[20]內閣府.電力?ガス小売自由化に関する課題についての消費者委員会意見[Z].2017-05-23.
[21]Bert W,Machiel M.Competition in retail electricity markets:an assessment of ten years Dutch experience[R].Tilburg:Tilburg University,2016.
[22]Federal Reserve.An econometric assessment of electricity demand in the united states using panel data and the impact of retail competition on prices[R/OL].[2018-07-30].https://docplayer.net/1484157-Aneconometric-assessment-of-electricity-demand-in-the-united-states-usi ng-panel-data-and-the-impact-of-retail-competition-on-prices.html#do wnload_tab_content.
[23]刘文茂,吴建军,杨昆.电力市场中的市场力指标及表现形式[J].电网技术,2007,31(S2):211-214.Liu Wenmao,Wu Jianjun,Yang Kun.Index system for evaluating the market power and it’s representation in electricity market[J].Power System Technology,2007,31(S2):211-214(in Chinese).
[24]王钦,文福拴,刘敏,等.电力市场评价指标体系的构建[J].电力技术经济,2008,20(5):21-26.Wang Qin,Wen Fushuan,Liu Min,et al.Development of evaluation indices system for power market[J].Electric Power Technologic Economics,2008,20(5):21-26(in Chinese).
[25]马莉,黄李明,薛松,等.中国新一轮电力市场改革试点有序运行关键问题[J].中国电力,2017,50(4):17-22.Ma Li,Huang Liming,Xue Song,et al.Key issues for orderly operation of China’s new electricity market reform pilot[J].Electric Power,2017,50(4):17-22(in Chinese).