三峡库区黄土坡滑坡I号崩滑体成因
|
摘要
黄土坡滑坡是三峡库区4个大型滑坡之一,因其典型性和重要性,"长江三峡库区地质灾害研究优势学科创新平台"在此建立了巴东野外大型综合试验场.野外试验场隧洞群揭露滑坡结构,有助于深入认识和研究黄土坡滑坡的地质结构特征和成因机制.通过试验隧洞开挖揭露黄土坡滑坡临江I号崩滑体特征发现:(1)临江I号崩滑体滑床基岩普遍发育层间剪切软弱夹层;(2)主隧洞与Ⅲ号支洞揭露滑体特征表明,滑体物质组成为棕红色泥岩、粉砂岩碎石土,灰色泥灰岩、灰岩碎石土,各类破碎岩层,滑体内潜水丰富,渗水量较大;(3)试验隧洞揭露滑带具有多层位顺层发育特征,平面范围与前人勘察成果较一致,厚度在不同剖面处存在较大差异;(4)深部钻孔监测资料显示,在土层与基岩面及层间剪切带均有蠕滑位移.分析得出:临江I号崩滑体是在重力和构造应力作用下顺多层软弱夹层、土层与基岩面发生蠕滑变形形成的,具有多层滑动面.
Huangtupo landslide is one of the four largest landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir area,where the Badong field laboratory is built by Three Gorges Research Center for Geo-hazards,Ministry of Education because it is typical and significant.The geological structure characteristics and formation mechanism of Huangtupo landslide can be clarified by exposing slope structure through the test tunnel excavation.Up to now,the geological structure of No.1 part slide exposed by the test tunnel excavation yield the following results:(1)In the bedrock of the No.1 part slide,the incompetent interlayers develop widely.(2)The excavation of the main test tunnel and the No.3 subsidiary test tunnel reveal that the displaced materials are composed of reddish brown mudstone and siltstone gravels,gray marlite and limestone gravels,and various crack strata.The ground water of the displaced materials is rich and the amount of water seepage is large.(3)The surfaces of rupture develop along the incompetent interlayers and the contacting surface between the stratum and the soil.The distribution of the surfaces of rupture in plane is very close to that obtained in previous studies.However,there exist some differences in the depth of the rupture surfaces.(4)The displacement monitoring data of deep boreholes show that there are creep displacements at the incompetent interlayers and the contacting surface between the stratum and the soil.Therefore,it can be concluded that the No.1 part slide crept along the incompetent interlayers and the contacting surface between the stratum and the soil under the long-term influence of tectonism and gravity,and the No.1 part slide has several surfaces of rupture.
Huangtupo landslide is one of the four largest landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir area,where the Badong field laboratory is built by Three Gorges Research Center for Geo-hazards,Ministry of Education because it is typical and significant.The geological structure characteristics and formation mechanism of Huangtupo landslide can be clarified by exposing slope structure through the test tunnel excavation.Up to now,the geological structure of No.1 part slide exposed by the test tunnel excavation yield the following results:(1)In the bedrock of the No.1 part slide,the incompetent interlayers develop widely.(2)The excavation of the main test tunnel and the No.3 subsidiary test tunnel reveal that the displaced materials are composed of reddish brown mudstone and siltstone gravels,gray marlite and limestone gravels,and various crack strata.The ground water of the displaced materials is rich and the amount of water seepage is large.(3)The surfaces of rupture develop along the incompetent interlayers and the contacting surface between the stratum and the soil.The distribution of the surfaces of rupture in plane is very close to that obtained in previous studies.However,there exist some differences in the depth of the rupture surfaces.(4)The displacement monitoring data of deep boreholes show that there are creep displacements at the incompetent interlayers and the contacting surface between the stratum and the soil.Therefore,it can be concluded that the No.1 part slide crept along the incompetent interlayers and the contacting surface between the stratum and the soil under the long-term influence of tectonism and gravity,and the No.1 part slide has several surfaces of rupture.
引文
An,G.F.,Yin,K.L.,Tang,H.M.,2002.Discrete ElementAnalysis of Huangtupo Landslide.Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,27(4):464-466(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chai,B.,Yin,K.L.,2009.Interlayer Weakness Zones in Ba-dong Formation of Middle Triassic Forming BankSlopes of Three Gorges Reservoir in New BadongCounty.Journal of Engineering Geology,17(6):809-815(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen,S.,Chen,G.J.,Xu,G.L.,2008.Mechanism of Geo-logical Processes of Formation and Deformation of theHuangtupo Landslide.Earth Science—Journal of Chi-na University of Geosciences,33(3):411-415(in Chi-nese with English abstract).
Cui,Z.Q.,1996.Stability Study of the Avalanches and Land-slides in the Reservoir Area of the Three Gorges Projecton the Yangtze River.Bureau of Geotechnique ofChangjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan,305-314(in Chinese).
Deng,Q.L.,Wang,X.P.,2000.Growth History of Huang-tupo Landslide:Down-Slope Overlapping-Landsliding-Modification.Earth Science—Journal of China Uni-versity of Geosciences,25(1):44-50(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Deng,Q.L.,Zhu,Z.Y.,Cui,Z.Q.,et al.,2000.Mass RockCreep and Landsliding on the Huangtupo Slope in theReservoir Area of the Three Gorges Project,YangtzeRiver,China.Engineering Geology,58(1):67-83.doi:10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00053-3
Jiang,J.W.,Xiang,W.,Zhang,X.Y.,2011.Research onMechanical Parameters of Intact Sliding Zone Soils ofHuangtupo Landslide Based on CT Scanning and Simu-lation Tests.ChineseJournalofRockMechanicsandEngineering,30(5):1025-1033(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
Li,H.L.,Deng,Q.L.,Yi,S.H.,2007.Regional Tectonicsof Three Gorges Reservoir Area and the Structural De-formation of Badong Formation.Geological Science andTechnology Information,26(4):31-36(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Liu,C.Z.,Liu,Y.H.,Lian,J.F.,2006.Study on GeneticMechanism of the Badong Slope System in the ThreeGorges of the Yangtze River.Geological Review,52(4):510-520(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,Y.H.,Liu,C.Z.,Li,T.F.,et al.,2007.Numeriacl Sim-ulation for Deformation Mechanism and Stability Studyof Badong Large Slope System in the Three GorgesReservoir.Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,(1):47-51(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu,X.,Yu,Q.C.,He,M.C.,et al.,2006.Formation Mech-anism of Huangtupo Landslide in Reservoir of ThreeGorges Project.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,37(8):969-976(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,S.S.,Chen,H.Y.,Chen,G.J.,et al.,2001.Study onthe Formation Conditons and Mechanism of BadongLandslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.Hydro-geology and Geoengineering Surveying Institute ofHubei,Jingzhou(in Chinese).
Zhou,Y.,Huang,H.,Fang,Y.G.,et al.,2008.The Explor-atory Study of the Huangtupo Landslide in the Town ofBadong in Hubei Province.Changjiang Institute of Sur-vey,Planning,Design and Research,Wuhan(in Chi-nese).
Zhou,Y.,Huang,H.,Huang,Z.P.,et al.,2009.The Ex-ploratory Study of the Huangtupo Landslide for theLarge Badong Field Laboratory in the Town of Badongin the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.Changjiang Institute of Survey,Planning,Design and Research,Wuhan(in Chinese).
安关峰,殷坤龙,唐辉明,2002.黄土坡滑坡的离散元研究.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,27(4):464-466.
柴波,殷坤龙,2009.三峡库区巴东新城区库岸三叠系巴东组层间软弱带.工程地质学报,17(6):809-815.
陈松,陈国金,徐光黎,2008.黄土坡滑坡形成与变形的地质过程机制.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,33(3):411-415.
崔政权,1996.长江三峡工程库区稳态及崩、滑体专论.武汉:水利部长江水利委员会综合勘测局,305-314.
邓清禄,王学平,2000.黄土坡滑坡的发育历史:坠覆-滑坡-改造.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,25(1):44-50.
江洎洧,项伟,张雪杨,2011.基于CT扫描和仿真试验研究黄土坡滑坡原状滑带土力学参数.岩石力学与工程学报,30(5):1025-1033.
李华亮,邓清禄,易顺华,2007.三峡库区区域构造及巴东组构造变形特征.地质科技情报,26(4):31-36.
刘传正,刘艳辉,连建发,2006.长江三峡巴东复杂斜坡系统成因研究.地质评论,52(4):510-520.
刘艳辉,刘传正,李铁锋,等,2007.三峡库区巴东复杂斜坡系统变形机理数值模拟与稳定性研究.水文地质工程地质,(1):47-51.
武雄,于青春,何满朝,等,2006.三峡库区巴东黄土坡巨型古滑坡体形成机理.水力学报,37(8):969-976.
杨世松,陈海洋,陈国金,等,2001.三峡库区巴东黄土坡滑坡形成条件与成因机制研究.荆州:湖北省水文地质工程地质勘察院.
周云,黄华,房艳国,等,2008.湖北省巴东县黄土坡滑坡勘查评价报告.武汉:长江勘测规划设计研究有限公司.
周云,黄华,黄中平,等,2009.三峡库区巴东大型野外综合试验场建设工程地质勘察报告.武汉:长江勘测规划设计研究有限公司.
Chai,B.,Yin,K.L.,2009.Interlayer Weakness Zones in Ba-dong Formation of Middle Triassic Forming BankSlopes of Three Gorges Reservoir in New BadongCounty.Journal of Engineering Geology,17(6):809-815(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen,S.,Chen,G.J.,Xu,G.L.,2008.Mechanism of Geo-logical Processes of Formation and Deformation of theHuangtupo Landslide.Earth Science—Journal of Chi-na University of Geosciences,33(3):411-415(in Chi-nese with English abstract).
Cui,Z.Q.,1996.Stability Study of the Avalanches and Land-slides in the Reservoir Area of the Three Gorges Projecton the Yangtze River.Bureau of Geotechnique ofChangjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan,305-314(in Chinese).
Deng,Q.L.,Wang,X.P.,2000.Growth History of Huang-tupo Landslide:Down-Slope Overlapping-Landsliding-Modification.Earth Science—Journal of China Uni-versity of Geosciences,25(1):44-50(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Deng,Q.L.,Zhu,Z.Y.,Cui,Z.Q.,et al.,2000.Mass RockCreep and Landsliding on the Huangtupo Slope in theReservoir Area of the Three Gorges Project,YangtzeRiver,China.Engineering Geology,58(1):67-83.doi:10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00053-3
Jiang,J.W.,Xiang,W.,Zhang,X.Y.,2011.Research onMechanical Parameters of Intact Sliding Zone Soils ofHuangtupo Landslide Based on CT Scanning and Simu-lation Tests.ChineseJournalofRockMechanicsandEngineering,30(5):1025-1033(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
Li,H.L.,Deng,Q.L.,Yi,S.H.,2007.Regional Tectonicsof Three Gorges Reservoir Area and the Structural De-formation of Badong Formation.Geological Science andTechnology Information,26(4):31-36(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Liu,C.Z.,Liu,Y.H.,Lian,J.F.,2006.Study on GeneticMechanism of the Badong Slope System in the ThreeGorges of the Yangtze River.Geological Review,52(4):510-520(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,Y.H.,Liu,C.Z.,Li,T.F.,et al.,2007.Numeriacl Sim-ulation for Deformation Mechanism and Stability Studyof Badong Large Slope System in the Three GorgesReservoir.Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,(1):47-51(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu,X.,Yu,Q.C.,He,M.C.,et al.,2006.Formation Mech-anism of Huangtupo Landslide in Reservoir of ThreeGorges Project.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,37(8):969-976(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,S.S.,Chen,H.Y.,Chen,G.J.,et al.,2001.Study onthe Formation Conditons and Mechanism of BadongLandslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.Hydro-geology and Geoengineering Surveying Institute ofHubei,Jingzhou(in Chinese).
Zhou,Y.,Huang,H.,Fang,Y.G.,et al.,2008.The Explor-atory Study of the Huangtupo Landslide in the Town ofBadong in Hubei Province.Changjiang Institute of Sur-vey,Planning,Design and Research,Wuhan(in Chi-nese).
Zhou,Y.,Huang,H.,Huang,Z.P.,et al.,2009.The Ex-ploratory Study of the Huangtupo Landslide for theLarge Badong Field Laboratory in the Town of Badongin the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.Changjiang Institute of Survey,Planning,Design and Research,Wuhan(in Chinese).
安关峰,殷坤龙,唐辉明,2002.黄土坡滑坡的离散元研究.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,27(4):464-466.
柴波,殷坤龙,2009.三峡库区巴东新城区库岸三叠系巴东组层间软弱带.工程地质学报,17(6):809-815.
陈松,陈国金,徐光黎,2008.黄土坡滑坡形成与变形的地质过程机制.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,33(3):411-415.
崔政权,1996.长江三峡工程库区稳态及崩、滑体专论.武汉:水利部长江水利委员会综合勘测局,305-314.
邓清禄,王学平,2000.黄土坡滑坡的发育历史:坠覆-滑坡-改造.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,25(1):44-50.
江洎洧,项伟,张雪杨,2011.基于CT扫描和仿真试验研究黄土坡滑坡原状滑带土力学参数.岩石力学与工程学报,30(5):1025-1033.
李华亮,邓清禄,易顺华,2007.三峡库区区域构造及巴东组构造变形特征.地质科技情报,26(4):31-36.
刘传正,刘艳辉,连建发,2006.长江三峡巴东复杂斜坡系统成因研究.地质评论,52(4):510-520.
刘艳辉,刘传正,李铁锋,等,2007.三峡库区巴东复杂斜坡系统变形机理数值模拟与稳定性研究.水文地质工程地质,(1):47-51.
武雄,于青春,何满朝,等,2006.三峡库区巴东黄土坡巨型古滑坡体形成机理.水力学报,37(8):969-976.
杨世松,陈海洋,陈国金,等,2001.三峡库区巴东黄土坡滑坡形成条件与成因机制研究.荆州:湖北省水文地质工程地质勘察院.
周云,黄华,房艳国,等,2008.湖北省巴东县黄土坡滑坡勘查评价报告.武汉:长江勘测规划设计研究有限公司.
周云,黄华,黄中平,等,2009.三峡库区巴东大型野外综合试验场建设工程地质勘察报告.武汉:长江勘测规划设计研究有限公司.