内陆湖泊主要藻种散射特性
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摘要
通过室内培养4种主要淡水藻种——铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)以及卵形隐藻(Cryptomonas ovata),测定其散射和后向散射特征参数、用单位叶绿素a浓度的散射值和后向散射值来表征4种藻的散射和后向散射能力。结果表明,铜绿微囊藻散射和后向散射能力最强,其次为梅尼小环藻,普通小球藻的能力最弱。通过计算后向散射概率,显示铜绿微囊藻和梅尼小环藻的后向散射概率值较高,普通小球藻和卵形隐藻的后向散射概率值较低。后向散射特性影响因子分析显示,影响后向散射值的主要因素有叶绿素a浓度及藻蓝蛋白色素比例。当叶绿素a浓度不断增加时,其后向散射值不断增大;当藻类所含叶绿素a比重不断上升时,其后向散射值也不断增大。而细胞粒径与后向散射值之间未表现出很好的相关性。因此,通过单位叶绿素a散射和后向散射概率特征可以辨别出藻细胞形态较为接近的铜绿微囊藻和普通小球藻。
Scattering and backscattering properties were measured for 4 main fresh water alga species cultured in the laboratory: Microcystis aeruginosa, Chlorella vulgaris, Cyclotella meneghiniana and Cryptomonas ovata. Chlorophyll a-specific scattering and backscattering were used to represent scattering ability. M. aeruginosa had the strongest scattering and backscattering ability, followed by C. meneghiniana, and C. vulgaris had the weakest. M. aeruginosa and C. meneghiniana showed greater backscattering ability than C. vulgaris and C. ovata. The main factor affecting backscattering was the ratio of chlorophyll a to phycocyanin content. Backscattering coefficient varied with chlorophyll a content and chlorophyll a proportion to total pigment. We found a good correlation between cell size and backscattering coefficient.
Scattering and backscattering properties were measured for 4 main fresh water alga species cultured in the laboratory: Microcystis aeruginosa, Chlorella vulgaris, Cyclotella meneghiniana and Cryptomonas ovata. Chlorophyll a-specific scattering and backscattering were used to represent scattering ability. M. aeruginosa had the strongest scattering and backscattering ability, followed by C. meneghiniana, and C. vulgaris had the weakest. M. aeruginosa and C. meneghiniana showed greater backscattering ability than C. vulgaris and C. ovata. The main factor affecting backscattering was the ratio of chlorophyll a to phycocyanin content. Backscattering coefficient varied with chlorophyll a content and chlorophyll a proportion to total pigment. We found a good correlation between cell size and backscattering coefficient.
引文
黄昌春,李云梅,王桥,孙德勇,乐成峰,王利珍,王鑫(2010).铜绿微囊藻和斜生栅藻生物光学模型.湖泊科学22 ,357–366.
贾怀勤(1994).应用统计.北京:对外经济贸易大学出版社.pp.447–474.
姜玲玲,王林,赵冬至,王祥(2013).强壮前沟藻的后向散射特性研究.光谱学与光谱分析33,1892–1896.
金相灿,刘鸿亮,屠清瑛(1990).中国湖泊富营养化.北京:中国环境科学出版社.
孔繁翔,高光(2005).大型浅水富营养化湖泊中蓝藻水华形成机理的思考.生态学报25,589–595.
李原,张梅,王若南(2005).滇池的水华蓝藻的时空变化.云南大学学报(自然科学版)27,272–276.
刘堂友,匡定搏,尹球(2002).藻类光谱实验及其光谱定量信息提取研究.红外与毫米波学报21,213–217.
王明兹,施巧琴,陈必链,庄惠如,吴松刚(2003).紫球藻生长周期可见光吸收光谱与生化变化.食品与发酵工业29(4),23 –26.
赵巧华,秦伯强(2008).藻类的光谱吸收特征及其混合藻吸收系数的分离.环境科学学报28,313–318.
周百成,郑舜琴,曾呈奎(1974).几种绿藻、褐藻和红藻的吸收光谱的比较研究.植物学报16,146–155.
周雯,曹文熙,李彩,王桂芬,孙兆华,赵俊(2010).细胞结构对浮游植物光学特性的影响.热带海洋学报29(2),33–38.
Aden AL,Kerker M(1951).Scattering of electromagnetic waves from two concentric spheres.J Appl Phys 22,1242–1246.
Ahn YH,Bricaud A,Morel A(1992).Light backscattering efficiency and related properties of some phytoplankters.Deep-Sea Res 39,1835–1855.
Bohren CF,Huffman DR(1983).Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles.New York:Wiley.
Boss E,Pegau WS(2001).Relationship of light scattering at an angle in the backward direction to the backscattering coefficient.Appl Opt 40,5503–5507.
Bricaud A,Bēdhomme AL,Morel A(1988).Optical properties of diverse phytoplanktonic species:experimental results and theoretical interpretation.J Plankton Res 10,851 –873.
Dall’Olmo G,Westberry TK,Behrenfeld MJ,Boss E,Slade WH(2009).Significant contribution of large particles to optical backscattering in the open ocean.Biogeosciences 6,947–967.
Dana DR,Maffione RA(2002).Determining the backward scattering coefficient with fixed-angle backscattering sensors-revisited.Ocean Optics 10,18–22.
Gordon HR,Brown OB,Jacobs MM(1975).Computed relationships between the inherent and apparent optical properties of a flat homogeneous ocean.Appl Opt 14,417 –427.
Hoepffner N,Sathyendranath S(1992).Bio-optical characteristics of coastal waters:absorption spectra of phytoplankton and pigment distribution in the western North Atlantic.Limnol Oceanogr 37,1660–1679.
Johnsen G,Samset O,Granskog L,Sakshaug E(1994).In vivo absorption characteristics in 10 classes of bloom-forming phytoplankton:taxonomic characteristics and responses to photoadaptation by means of discriminant and HPLC analysis.Mar Ecol Prog Ser 105,149–157.
Maffione RA,Dana DR(1997).Instruments and methods for measuring the backward-scattering coefficient of ocean waters.Appl Opt 36,6057–6067.
Malone TC(1980).Algal size.In:Morris I,ed.The Physiological Ecology of Phytoplankton.Oxford:Blackwell.pp.433 –463.
Mobley CD,Sundman LK,Boss E(2002).Phase function effects on oceanic light fields.Appl Opt 41,1035–1050.
Roesler CS,Perry MJ,Carder KL(1989).Modeling in situ phytoplankton absorption from total absorption spectra in productive inland marine waters.Liminol Oceanogr 34,1510–1523.
Stramski D,Bricaud A,Morel A(2001).Modeling the inherent optical properties of the ocean based on the detailed composition of the planktonic community.Appl Opt40 ,2929–2945.
Stramski D,Reynolds RA,Babin M,Kaczmarek S,Lewis MR,Rttgers R,Sciandra A,Stramska M,Twardowski MS,Claustre H(2007).Relationships between the surface concentration of particulate organic carbon and optical properties in the eastern South Pacific and eastern Atlantic Oceans.Biogeosciences Discuss 4,3453–3530.
Sullivan JM,Twardowski MS,Donaghay PL,Freeman SA(2005).Use of optical scattering to discriminate particle types in coastal waters.Appl Opt 44,1667–1680.
Ulloa OS,Sathyendranath S,Plantt T(1994).Effect of the particle-size distribution on the backscattering ratio in seawater.Appl Opt 33,7070–7077.
Vaillancourt RD,Brown CW,Guillard RRL,Balch WM(2004).Light backscattering properties of marine phytoplankton:relationships to cell size,chemical composition and taxonomy.J Plankton Res 26,191–212.
Whitmire AL,Pegau WS,Karp-Boss L,Boss E,Cowles TJ(2010).Spectral backscattering properties of marine phytoplankton cultures.Opt Express 18,15073–15093.
贾怀勤(1994).应用统计.北京:对外经济贸易大学出版社.pp.447–474.
姜玲玲,王林,赵冬至,王祥(2013).强壮前沟藻的后向散射特性研究.光谱学与光谱分析33,1892–1896.
金相灿,刘鸿亮,屠清瑛(1990).中国湖泊富营养化.北京:中国环境科学出版社.
孔繁翔,高光(2005).大型浅水富营养化湖泊中蓝藻水华形成机理的思考.生态学报25,589–595.
李原,张梅,王若南(2005).滇池的水华蓝藻的时空变化.云南大学学报(自然科学版)27,272–276.
刘堂友,匡定搏,尹球(2002).藻类光谱实验及其光谱定量信息提取研究.红外与毫米波学报21,213–217.
王明兹,施巧琴,陈必链,庄惠如,吴松刚(2003).紫球藻生长周期可见光吸收光谱与生化变化.食品与发酵工业29(4),23 –26.
赵巧华,秦伯强(2008).藻类的光谱吸收特征及其混合藻吸收系数的分离.环境科学学报28,313–318.
周百成,郑舜琴,曾呈奎(1974).几种绿藻、褐藻和红藻的吸收光谱的比较研究.植物学报16,146–155.
周雯,曹文熙,李彩,王桂芬,孙兆华,赵俊(2010).细胞结构对浮游植物光学特性的影响.热带海洋学报29(2),33–38.
Aden AL,Kerker M(1951).Scattering of electromagnetic waves from two concentric spheres.J Appl Phys 22,1242–1246.
Ahn YH,Bricaud A,Morel A(1992).Light backscattering efficiency and related properties of some phytoplankters.Deep-Sea Res 39,1835–1855.
Bohren CF,Huffman DR(1983).Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles.New York:Wiley.
Boss E,Pegau WS(2001).Relationship of light scattering at an angle in the backward direction to the backscattering coefficient.Appl Opt 40,5503–5507.
Bricaud A,Bēdhomme AL,Morel A(1988).Optical properties of diverse phytoplanktonic species:experimental results and theoretical interpretation.J Plankton Res 10,851 –873.
Dall’Olmo G,Westberry TK,Behrenfeld MJ,Boss E,Slade WH(2009).Significant contribution of large particles to optical backscattering in the open ocean.Biogeosciences 6,947–967.
Dana DR,Maffione RA(2002).Determining the backward scattering coefficient with fixed-angle backscattering sensors-revisited.Ocean Optics 10,18–22.
Gordon HR,Brown OB,Jacobs MM(1975).Computed relationships between the inherent and apparent optical properties of a flat homogeneous ocean.Appl Opt 14,417 –427.
Hoepffner N,Sathyendranath S(1992).Bio-optical characteristics of coastal waters:absorption spectra of phytoplankton and pigment distribution in the western North Atlantic.Limnol Oceanogr 37,1660–1679.
Johnsen G,Samset O,Granskog L,Sakshaug E(1994).In vivo absorption characteristics in 10 classes of bloom-forming phytoplankton:taxonomic characteristics and responses to photoadaptation by means of discriminant and HPLC analysis.Mar Ecol Prog Ser 105,149–157.
Maffione RA,Dana DR(1997).Instruments and methods for measuring the backward-scattering coefficient of ocean waters.Appl Opt 36,6057–6067.
Malone TC(1980).Algal size.In:Morris I,ed.The Physiological Ecology of Phytoplankton.Oxford:Blackwell.pp.433 –463.
Mobley CD,Sundman LK,Boss E(2002).Phase function effects on oceanic light fields.Appl Opt 41,1035–1050.
Roesler CS,Perry MJ,Carder KL(1989).Modeling in situ phytoplankton absorption from total absorption spectra in productive inland marine waters.Liminol Oceanogr 34,1510–1523.
Stramski D,Bricaud A,Morel A(2001).Modeling the inherent optical properties of the ocean based on the detailed composition of the planktonic community.Appl Opt40 ,2929–2945.
Stramski D,Reynolds RA,Babin M,Kaczmarek S,Lewis MR,Rttgers R,Sciandra A,Stramska M,Twardowski MS,Claustre H(2007).Relationships between the surface concentration of particulate organic carbon and optical properties in the eastern South Pacific and eastern Atlantic Oceans.Biogeosciences Discuss 4,3453–3530.
Sullivan JM,Twardowski MS,Donaghay PL,Freeman SA(2005).Use of optical scattering to discriminate particle types in coastal waters.Appl Opt 44,1667–1680.
Ulloa OS,Sathyendranath S,Plantt T(1994).Effect of the particle-size distribution on the backscattering ratio in seawater.Appl Opt 33,7070–7077.
Vaillancourt RD,Brown CW,Guillard RRL,Balch WM(2004).Light backscattering properties of marine phytoplankton:relationships to cell size,chemical composition and taxonomy.J Plankton Res 26,191–212.
Whitmire AL,Pegau WS,Karp-Boss L,Boss E,Cowles TJ(2010).Spectral backscattering properties of marine phytoplankton cultures.Opt Express 18,15073–15093.