改进TOPSIS模型在城市地震脆弱性评估中的应用
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摘要
针对目前仅以城市单体为对象研究城市地震灾害脆弱性,而忽视城市内部不同区域间存在特征差异的问题,选择威海市区作为研究对象,将研究范围细化至22个街道(镇),建立城市小区域地震灾害脆弱性评价模型。从人口、经济、建筑物和生命线系统4个方面选取17个指标构建城市地震脆弱性评价指标体系,应用主客观结合的三角模糊熵法和改进TOPSIS模型,计算出研究区域的相对贴近程度并进行排序,将威海市区划分为4个不同脆弱性等级。结果表明:改进TOPSIS模型能够从整体上对城市地震灾害脆弱性进行评级分区,为城市内部有针对性的制定防震减灾策略提供一个全新的思路。
The vulnerability of the urban earthquake disasters is usually studied as an single urban object, which has the problem that the differences between different urban regions are ignored. To solve this problem, a seismic evaluation model based on smaller urban areas is established, the Weihai downtown is selected as a research object, and the research scope is refined into 22 regions. Seventeen indices selected from four aspects, including the population, economy, buildings and lifeline system, are used to construct the evaluation index system of urban seismic vulnerability. By using triangular fuzzy entropy and improved TOPSIS model, the relative closeness of the study area is calculated and sorted, and Weihai is divided into four different vulnerability grades. The results show that the improved TOPSIS model is able to rate the vulnerability of urban earthquake disaster in the refined smaller regions, and provide a new idea for making measures for reducing and preventing earthquake disaster in the city.
The vulnerability of the urban earthquake disasters is usually studied as an single urban object, which has the problem that the differences between different urban regions are ignored. To solve this problem, a seismic evaluation model based on smaller urban areas is established, the Weihai downtown is selected as a research object, and the research scope is refined into 22 regions. Seventeen indices selected from four aspects, including the population, economy, buildings and lifeline system, are used to construct the evaluation index system of urban seismic vulnerability. By using triangular fuzzy entropy and improved TOPSIS model, the relative closeness of the study area is calculated and sorted, and Weihai is divided into four different vulnerability grades. The results show that the improved TOPSIS model is able to rate the vulnerability of urban earthquake disaster in the refined smaller regions, and provide a new idea for making measures for reducing and preventing earthquake disaster in the city.
引文
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[17] BOUGHEDIR S.Case study:Disaster risk management and climate change adaptation in greater Algiers:Overview on a study assessing urban vulnerabilities to disater risk and proposing measure for adaptation[J].Current Opinion in Environmrntal Sustainablitity,2015,13:103-108.
[2] 郑通彦,冯蔚,郑毅.2014年中国大陆地震灾害损失述评[J].世界地震工程,2015,6(12):202-208.ZHENG Tongyan,FENG Wei,ZHENG Yi.Review of earthquake damage losses in Chinese mainland in 2014[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2015,6(12):202-208.(in Chinese)
[3] 杨挺.城市局部地震灾害危害性指数(ULEDRI)及其在上海市的应用[D].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所,2000.YANG Ting.Urban local earthquake disaster ris index&its application in Shangha[D].Beijing:Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake Administration,2000.(in Chinese)
[4] 冯领香,冯振环.京津冀都市圈地震灾害脆弱性评价及城际差异分析[J].自然灾害学报,2013,22(3):160-167.FENG Lingxiang,FENG Zhenhuan.Earthquake disaster vulnerability evaluation and difference analysis of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan circle[J].Journal of Natural Disaster,2013,22(3):160-167.(in Chinese)
[5] 王静,张明媛,袁永博,等.基于DEA-Tobit模型的城镇地震损失影响因素研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2013,23(10):82-86.WANG Jing,ZHANG Mingyuan,YUAN Yongbo,et al.Research on factor affecting urban earthquake loss base on DEA-Tobitmodel[J].China Safety Science Journal,2013,23(10):82-86.(in Chinese)
[6] BOURNE LS.Internal structure of the city:reading on urban forms[J].Historian,1982,26(1):1-18.
[7] 郭辉.三峡库区城市“公共安全空间单元”研究—基于灾害链视角[D].重庆:重庆大学,2016.GUO Hui.Study on the “public security space units”in urban area of the Three Gorges Reservoir—in the perspective of disadter chains[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2016.(in Chinese)
[8] 李春燕.西南山地城市空间适灾理论与方法研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.LI Chunyan.Study on theories and methods of urban space adapt to disaster in southwest mountainou cities[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2014.(in Chinese)
[9] 程赐胜,丁祝燕.基于模糊熵的物流企业客户满意度评价模型[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2006,3(3):79-82.CHENG Cisheng,DING Zhuyan.Research on logistics customer's satisfaction degree based on fuzzy entropy[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2006,3(3):79-82.(in Chinese)
[10] 吴作鹏,袁汝华.基于熵权法和灰色关联分析的国际BOT水电投资风险评价[J].水利经济,2015,33(5):24-28.WU Zuopeng,YUAN Ruhua.Risk assessment of international BOT hydropower investment based on entropy method and grey correlation analysis[J].Journal of Economics of Water Resources,2015,33(5):24-28.(in Chinese)
[11] 陈伟,夏建华.综合主、客观权重信息的最优组合赋权方法[J].数学的实践与认识,2007,37(1):17-22.CHEN Wei,XIA Jianhua.Optimal combination weighting method based on comprehensive objective and objective weight information[J].Mathematics in Practice and Theory,2007,37(1):17-22.(in Chinese)
[12] 赵萌,邱菀华,刘北上.基于相对熵的多属性决策排序方法[J].控制与决策,2010,25(7):1098-1104.ZHAO Meng,QIU Wanhua,LIU Beishang.Relative entropy evaluation method for multiple attribute decision making[J].Contral and Desion,2010,25(7):1098-1104.(in Chinese)
[13] THOMAS M,COVER Joy,THOMAS A.Elements of Information Theory[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,2006,1-12.
[14] 徐晗.改进的TOPSIS模型在陕西省农业干旱脆弱性区划中的应用[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(4):251-258.XU Han.Application of improved TOPSIS model to agricultural drought vulnerability in Shaanxi Province[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2016,34(4):251-258.(in Chinese)
[15] 贾圣三.烟台、威海市地震地质特征[J].山东地质,1988,4(2):36-51.JIA Shengsan.Seismic geological characteristics of Yantai and Weihai[J].Geology of Shandong,1988,4(2):36-51.(in Chinese)
[16] 蔡克明.威海市区地震地质研究[J].地震地质,1994,16(1):38-41.CAI Keming.Research on seismic geology in Weihai downtown[J].Seismological Geology,1994,16(1):38-41.(in Chinese)
[17] BOUGHEDIR S.Case study:Disaster risk management and climate change adaptation in greater Algiers:Overview on a study assessing urban vulnerabilities to disater risk and proposing measure for adaptation[J].Current Opinion in Environmrntal Sustainablitity,2015,13:103-108.