轮作及农艺措施对减轻向日葵列当危害的影响
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摘要
向日葵列当对向日葵生产带来严重危害,目前向日葵生产中主要通过化学除草、选择抗性品种进行防除。通过合理轮作是减轻列当危害的有效手段,但是如何选择轮作作物、其防除效果如何并不清晰。采用向日葵连作重茬土壤进行盆栽试验,并进行田间调查,研究结果表明:向日葵与燕麦、小麦和马铃薯轮作均可不同程度地降低向日葵列当寄生率,其中向日葵—燕麦—向日葵轮作对列当耗减最多,与对照组(向日葵连作)相比列当寄生率降低30%。向日葵—燕麦—向日葵—燕麦—向日葵、向日葵—小麦—向日葵—小麦—向日葵轮作列当寄生率均低于50%,两者差异不显著,而显著低于向日葵—马铃薯—向日葵—马铃薯—向日葵轮作处理。田间调查结果显示向日葵的花盘直径与列当寄生数呈负相关,地膜覆盖对向日葵列当寄生影响不大。综合得出,燕麦是一种良好的向日葵列当诱捕作物,适合在内蒙古等食用向日葵主产区推广应用。
Orobanche cumana is a sever parasite to sunflower production and at present is mainly controlled by chemical weeding and selection of resistant varieties. Reasonable rotation is an effective means to alleviate the problem,but rotating crop varieties and the effect of the measure are not clear. In this experiment, pot experiment and field investigation were both carried out. The seeds were sown in plastic pots and the soil was collected from continuous sunflower cropping yield where the O. cumana infection was sever. The results indicated that the rotation of sunflower with oat, wheat and potato could reduce the parasitism rate of O. cumana to different extents. The rotation of sunfloweroat-sunflower minimized parasite, and the parasitism rate was reduced by 30% compared with the control. The rotation of sunflower-oat-sunflower-oat-sunflower and sunflower-wheat-sunflower-wheat-sunflower had a parasitism rate of less than 50%, the difference between the two is not significant, but significantly lower than the rotation of sunflowerpotato-sunflower-potato-sunflower. The field investigation results showed that the diameter of the sunflower disk was negatively correlated with the number of O. cumana, and the film mulching had little effect on the parasitization of the O.cumana. It is concluded that oat is a good trap crop of O. cumana, and suitable for promotion and application in Inner Mongolia and other places.
Orobanche cumana is a sever parasite to sunflower production and at present is mainly controlled by chemical weeding and selection of resistant varieties. Reasonable rotation is an effective means to alleviate the problem,but rotating crop varieties and the effect of the measure are not clear. In this experiment, pot experiment and field investigation were both carried out. The seeds were sown in plastic pots and the soil was collected from continuous sunflower cropping yield where the O. cumana infection was sever. The results indicated that the rotation of sunflower with oat, wheat and potato could reduce the parasitism rate of O. cumana to different extents. The rotation of sunfloweroat-sunflower minimized parasite, and the parasitism rate was reduced by 30% compared with the control. The rotation of sunflower-oat-sunflower-oat-sunflower and sunflower-wheat-sunflower-wheat-sunflower had a parasitism rate of less than 50%, the difference between the two is not significant, but significantly lower than the rotation of sunflowerpotato-sunflower-potato-sunflower. The field investigation results showed that the diameter of the sunflower disk was negatively correlated with the number of O. cumana, and the film mulching had little effect on the parasitization of the O.cumana. It is concluded that oat is a good trap crop of O. cumana, and suitable for promotion and application in Inner Mongolia and other places.
引文
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[15]Ma Y Q,Zhang M,Li Y L,et al. Allelopathy of rice(Oryza sativa L.)root exudates and its relations with Orobanche cumana Wallr. and Orobanche minor Sm. germination. Journal of Plant Interactions,2014,9(1):722-730.
[16]Ma Y Q,Jia J N,An Y,et al. Potential of some hybrid maize lines to induce germination of sunflower broomrape. Crop Science,2013,53(1):260-270.
[17]Dhanapal G N,Struik P C. Broomrape control in a cropping system containing bidi tobacco. Journal of Agronomy&Crop Science,1996,177(4):225-236.
[18]Kleifeld Y,Goldwasser Y,Herzlinger G,et al. The effects of flax(Linum usitatissimum L.)and other crops as trap and catch crops for control of Egyptian broomrape(Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.). Weed Research,1994,34(1):37-44.
[19]Oswald A,Ransom J K. Striga control and improved farm productivity using crop rotation. Crop Protection,2001,20(2):113-120.
[20]张默靖,李美佳,君睿红,等.列当寄生对不同品种向日葵幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响.西北植物学报,2013,33(7):1403-1408.
[21]白全江,云晓鹏,高占明,等.内蒙古向日葵列当发生危害及其防治技术措施.内蒙古农业科技,2013(1):75-76.
[22]Gbèhounou G,Adango E. Trap crops of Striga hermonthica:in vitro identification and effectiveness in situ. Crop Protection,2003,22(2):395-404.
[23]Frost D L,Gurney A L,Press M C,et al. Striga hermonthica reduces photosynthesis in sorghum:the importance of stomatal limitations and a potential role for ABA. Plant,Cell&Environment,1997,20(4):483-492.
[24]贾有余,张雄,高宇,等.覆膜方式对旱作农田土壤水热状况及向日葵产量的影响.作物杂志,2017(6):72-78.
[25]Kebreab E,Murdoch A J. Stimulation of integrated control strategies for Orobanche Spp. based on life cycle model. Experimental Agriculture,2001,37(1):37-51.
[26]Ma Y Q,Zhang W,Dong S Q,et al. Induction of seed germination in Orobanche Spp. by extracts of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs.Science China:Life Sciences,2012,55(3):250-260.
[27]Chai M,Zhu X P,Cui H X,et al. Lily cultivars have allelopathic potential in controlling Orobanche aegyptiaca Persoon. PloS ONE,2015,10(11):e0142811.
[2]Zhou W J,Yoneyama K,Takeuchi Y,et al. In vitro infection of host roots by differentiated calli of the parasitic plant Orobanche. Journal of Experimental Botany,2004,55:899-907.
[3]君睿红,陈贵林,李美佳,等.不同列当抗性的向日葵品种根系分泌物对向日葵列当种子萌发的影响.西北植物学报,2014,34(7):1397-1403.
[4]Pérez-de-Luque A,Eizenberg H,Grenz J H,et al. Broomrape management in faba bean. Field Crops Research,2010,115(3):319-328.
[5]王文军.向日葵资源列当抗性研究.作物杂志,2013(3):29-31.
[6]Eizenberg H,Goldwasser Y. Control of egyptian broomrape in processing tomato:a summary of 20 years of research and successful implementation. Plant Disease,2018,102(8):1477-1488.
[7]马永清.采用植物化感作用与诱捕作物消除列当土壤种子库.中国生态农业学报,2017,25(1):27-35.
[8]Zhou Z J,Palmborg C,Ericson L,et al. A 60-years old field experiment demonstrates the benefit of leys in the crop rotation. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica,Section B-Soil&Plant Science,2019,69(1):36-42.
[9]陈丹梅,段玉琪,杨宇虹,等.轮作模式对植烟土壤酶活性及真菌群落的影响.生态学报,2016,36(8):2373-2381.
[10]崔勇.稻田水旱轮作的研究进展.作物杂志,2018(3):8-14.
[11]余蕊,马永清.大麻对瓜列当和向日葵列当种子萌发诱导作用研究.中国农业大学学报,2014,19(4):38-46.
[12]Zhang W,Ma Y,Wang Z,et al. Some soybean cultivars have ability to induce germination of sunflower broomrape. PloS ONE,2013,8(3):e59715.
[13]王焕,马永清,田丰,等.小麦、蚕豆和油菜对向日葵列当种子萌发的影响.中国农业大学学报,2016,21(9):33-39.
[14]An Y,Ma Y Q,Shui J F,et al. Switchgrass(Panicum virgatum L.)has ability to induce germination of Orobanche cumana. Journal of Plant Interactions,2015,10(1):142-151.
[15]Ma Y Q,Zhang M,Li Y L,et al. Allelopathy of rice(Oryza sativa L.)root exudates and its relations with Orobanche cumana Wallr. and Orobanche minor Sm. germination. Journal of Plant Interactions,2014,9(1):722-730.
[16]Ma Y Q,Jia J N,An Y,et al. Potential of some hybrid maize lines to induce germination of sunflower broomrape. Crop Science,2013,53(1):260-270.
[17]Dhanapal G N,Struik P C. Broomrape control in a cropping system containing bidi tobacco. Journal of Agronomy&Crop Science,1996,177(4):225-236.
[18]Kleifeld Y,Goldwasser Y,Herzlinger G,et al. The effects of flax(Linum usitatissimum L.)and other crops as trap and catch crops for control of Egyptian broomrape(Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.). Weed Research,1994,34(1):37-44.
[19]Oswald A,Ransom J K. Striga control and improved farm productivity using crop rotation. Crop Protection,2001,20(2):113-120.
[20]张默靖,李美佳,君睿红,等.列当寄生对不同品种向日葵幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响.西北植物学报,2013,33(7):1403-1408.
[21]白全江,云晓鹏,高占明,等.内蒙古向日葵列当发生危害及其防治技术措施.内蒙古农业科技,2013(1):75-76.
[22]Gbèhounou G,Adango E. Trap crops of Striga hermonthica:in vitro identification and effectiveness in situ. Crop Protection,2003,22(2):395-404.
[23]Frost D L,Gurney A L,Press M C,et al. Striga hermonthica reduces photosynthesis in sorghum:the importance of stomatal limitations and a potential role for ABA. Plant,Cell&Environment,1997,20(4):483-492.
[24]贾有余,张雄,高宇,等.覆膜方式对旱作农田土壤水热状况及向日葵产量的影响.作物杂志,2017(6):72-78.
[25]Kebreab E,Murdoch A J. Stimulation of integrated control strategies for Orobanche Spp. based on life cycle model. Experimental Agriculture,2001,37(1):37-51.
[26]Ma Y Q,Zhang W,Dong S Q,et al. Induction of seed germination in Orobanche Spp. by extracts of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs.Science China:Life Sciences,2012,55(3):250-260.
[27]Chai M,Zhu X P,Cui H X,et al. Lily cultivars have allelopathic potential in controlling Orobanche aegyptiaca Persoon. PloS ONE,2015,10(11):e0142811.