大型购物中心人员疏散引导模拟优化研究
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摘要
紧急情况下,大型公共场所人员在疏散过程中往往慌不择路,导致疏散设施使用不均、疏散路径拥堵、疏散难度加剧。针对该问题,以出口和楼梯等疏散资源得到充分利用为目标,提出疏散路径优化的基本思想,运用EVACNET4建立建筑网络疏散模型,并以某大型购物中心为实例对象,开展"无路径优化、无疏散引导"和"有路径优化、有疏散引导"2种情景下的疏散过程模拟及对比分析,通过引导疏散实现路径优化方案和疏散效率的提升。研究结果表明:有路径优化和疏散引导的方案可实现更短的疏散时间、更均衡的出口利用率。
In the emergency situation,people with panic in the large public places will often miss the reasonable evacuation route,which results in the unbalanced usage of evacuation facilities,congestion of evacuation routes and increased evacuation difficulty. Aiming at this problem,taking the full usage of evacuation resources such as exits and stairs as the object,the basic ideas of evacuation route optimization were put forward. An evacuation network model of building was established by using EVACNET4,and taking a large shopping mall as practical example,the simulation and comparative analysis of evacuation process under two scenarios,namely without route optimization and evacuation guidance and with route optimization and evacuation guidance were carried out,so as to realize the improvement of route optimization scheme and evacuation efficiency through the guided evacuation. The results showed that the scheme with route optimization and evacuation guidance could achieve the shorter evacuation time and more balanced utilization rate of exits.
In the emergency situation,people with panic in the large public places will often miss the reasonable evacuation route,which results in the unbalanced usage of evacuation facilities,congestion of evacuation routes and increased evacuation difficulty. Aiming at this problem,taking the full usage of evacuation resources such as exits and stairs as the object,the basic ideas of evacuation route optimization were put forward. An evacuation network model of building was established by using EVACNET4,and taking a large shopping mall as practical example,the simulation and comparative analysis of evacuation process under two scenarios,namely without route optimization and evacuation guidance and with route optimization and evacuation guidance were carried out,so as to realize the improvement of route optimization scheme and evacuation efficiency through the guided evacuation. The results showed that the scheme with route optimization and evacuation guidance could achieve the shorter evacuation time and more balanced utilization rate of exits.
引文
[1]邢志祥,丁芙蓉,唐亮,等.大型超市火灾人员疏散路径优化研究[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(2):167-173.XING Zhixiang,DING Furong,TANG Liang,et al.Study on fire evacuation route optimization in large supermarket[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2015,15(2):167-173.
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[9]李晶晶,纪庆革.基于遗传算法优化多出口疏散路径问题[J].上海师范大学学报,2008,37(4):388-389.LI Jingjing,JI Qingge.Research on GA-based optimizing multi-exit evacuation path problem[J].Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Natural Sciences),2008,37(4):383-389.
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[11]褚冠全,孙金华,王青松,等.疏散准备时间及出口宽度对人员疏散影响的模拟[J].科学通报,2006,51(6):738-744.CHU Guanquan,SUN Jinhua,WANG Qingsong,et al.Study on the simulation of the influence of prepare-time and exit width on people evacuation[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2006,51(6):738-744.
[12]牟瑞芳,杨锐,王列妮.熟悉环境条件下的公共场所人员疏散仿真模型研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2015,11(5):181-186.MOU Ruifang,YANG Rui,WANG Lieni.Study on simulation model of public place evacuation in a familiar environment[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2015,11(5):181-186.
[2]CHU J C,CHEN A Y,LIN Y F.Variable guidance for pedestrian evacuation considering congestion,hazard,and compliance behavior[J].Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies,2017,85:664-683.
[3]WU Z Y,LV W,YU K.A Framework of Intelligent Evacuation Guidance System for Large Building[P].2016 5th International Conference on Civil,Architectural and Hydraulic Engineering(ICCAHE 2016),2016.
[4]胥旋.人员非均匀分布条件下的疏散引导方向优化算法研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2011,7(8):34-37.XU Xuan.Study of optimization algorithm for evacuation guidance direction with non-uniform pedestrian distribution[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2011,7(8):34-37.
[5]GESINE H,ROBERT Z,LAURA K.Human factors in evacuation simulation,planning,and guidance[J].Transportation Research Procedia,2014:603-611.
[6]张为明,黄雷,王博.EVACNET4模型在高层建筑疏散中的应用[J].建筑防火设计,2009,28(3):178-181.ZHANG Weiming,HUANG Lei,WANG Bo.Application of the EV-ACNET4 model to evacuation in high-rise building[J].Fire Science and Technology,2009,28(3):178-181.
[7]闫茹,魏东.基于EVACNET的某商业广场人员疏散模拟[J].建筑防火设计,2011,30(12):1128-1130.YAN Ru,WEI Dong.Computer simulation of evacuation in shopping mall by EVACNET[J].Fire Science and Technology,2011,30(12):1128-1130.
[8]杨健鹏,钟委,姜云彬.疏散引导对大型超市人员疏散优化作用的研究[J].工业安全与环保,2013,39(6):67-69.YANG Jianpeng,ZHONG Wei,JIANG Yunbin.Study on the amelioration of evacuation inducement in large supermarket[J].Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection,2013,39(6):67-69.
[9]李晶晶,纪庆革.基于遗传算法优化多出口疏散路径问题[J].上海师范大学学报,2008,37(4):388-389.LI Jingjing,JI Qingge.Research on GA-based optimizing multi-exit evacuation path problem[J].Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Natural Sciences),2008,37(4):383-389.
[10]IKEDA Y,INOUE M.An evacuation route planning for safety route guidance system after natural disaster using multi-objective genetic algorithm[J].Procedia Computer Science,2016,96:1323-1331.
[11]褚冠全,孙金华,王青松,等.疏散准备时间及出口宽度对人员疏散影响的模拟[J].科学通报,2006,51(6):738-744.CHU Guanquan,SUN Jinhua,WANG Qingsong,et al.Study on the simulation of the influence of prepare-time and exit width on people evacuation[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2006,51(6):738-744.
[12]牟瑞芳,杨锐,王列妮.熟悉环境条件下的公共场所人员疏散仿真模型研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2015,11(5):181-186.MOU Ruifang,YANG Rui,WANG Lieni.Study on simulation model of public place evacuation in a familiar environment[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2015,11(5):181-186.