江苏省血吸虫病疫情监测与风险评估系统的研究Ⅲ扬州市沿江地区血吸虫病传播风险监测评估
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摘要
目的评估扬州市沿江地区血吸虫病传播的潜在风险,为江滩地区传播阻断后监测体系的构建提供依据。方法在扬州市沿江的广陵、邗江、江都、仪征和开发区5个区(市)开展水体血吸虫感染性、水上流动传染源、江滩保虫宿主和野粪污染情况调查,评估和分析江滩地区血吸虫病传播阻断后的潜在传播因素与风险特征。结果 2015年,在扬州市沿江地区确定15个重点水域,共投放哨鼠1 500只,饲养后总存活率为99.33%;解剖哨鼠1 490只,未查到阳性哨鼠。共检查水上流动人员5 576名,未查到粪检阳性病人;共检查家畜3 566头(只),其中牛171头、羊1 895只、猪1 500头,未查到病畜。2016年1-3月在8块江滩共投放3 200只鼠夹,在6块江滩捕获野鼠62只,野鼠捕获率为1.94%,未发现感染血吸虫的野鼠;在7块江滩检获新鲜野粪35份,其中牛粪11份、羊粪17份、狗粪2份、其他野粪5份,分别占31.43%、48.57%、5.71%和14.29%,对检获的野粪进行检测,未查出阳性野粪。结论扬州市沿江地区血吸虫病传播风险较低,但江滩放养的牛、羊等家畜粪便所致污染是疫情发生的重大隐患。
Objective To evaluate the potential risk of schistosomiasis transmission in the area along the Yangtze River in Yangzhou City,so as to provide evidences for establishing a post-transmission surveillance system for schistosomiasis in marshland regions. Methods The water infectivity,floating boatmen and fishermen infection,reservoir host infection and wild feces contamination were investigated in five districts/counties along the Yangtze River in Yangzhou City,including Guangling,Hanjiang,Jiangdu,Yizheng and Development Zone,and the transmission factors and risky characteristics were assessed after interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in marshland regions. Results A total of 15 key water regions were identified in the area along the Yangtze River in Yangzhou City in 2015. A total of 1 500 sentinel mice were placed,after breeding,their overall survival rate was 99.33%;1 490 were dissected,with no schistosome infection. Of the 5 576 floating boatmen and fishermen examined,no schistosome infection was observed,and among the 3 566 domestic animals(including 171 cattle,1 895 sheep and 1500 pigs),no infections were detected. During the period between January and March,2016,there were 3 200 mouse traps placed on 8 marshlands,and 62 wild mice were captured from 6 marshlands,with a capture rate of 1.94%,and no schistosomeinfected wild mice were seen. In addition,there were 35 pieces of fresh wild feces captured from 7 marshlands,including 11 pieces of bovine feces(31.43%),17 pieces of sheep feces(48.57%),2 pieces of dog feces(5.71%)and 5 pieces of other feces(14.29%),and no infections were detected. Conclusions There is a low risk of schistosomiasis transmission in the area along the Yangtze River in Yangzhou City. However,the contamination of feces from bovine and sheep that are freely pastured on marshlands is a big threat to schistosomiasis control.
Objective To evaluate the potential risk of schistosomiasis transmission in the area along the Yangtze River in Yangzhou City,so as to provide evidences for establishing a post-transmission surveillance system for schistosomiasis in marshland regions. Methods The water infectivity,floating boatmen and fishermen infection,reservoir host infection and wild feces contamination were investigated in five districts/counties along the Yangtze River in Yangzhou City,including Guangling,Hanjiang,Jiangdu,Yizheng and Development Zone,and the transmission factors and risky characteristics were assessed after interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in marshland regions. Results A total of 15 key water regions were identified in the area along the Yangtze River in Yangzhou City in 2015. A total of 1 500 sentinel mice were placed,after breeding,their overall survival rate was 99.33%;1 490 were dissected,with no schistosome infection. Of the 5 576 floating boatmen and fishermen examined,no schistosome infection was observed,and among the 3 566 domestic animals(including 171 cattle,1 895 sheep and 1500 pigs),no infections were detected. During the period between January and March,2016,there were 3 200 mouse traps placed on 8 marshlands,and 62 wild mice were captured from 6 marshlands,with a capture rate of 1.94%,and no schistosomeinfected wild mice were seen. In addition,there were 35 pieces of fresh wild feces captured from 7 marshlands,including 11 pieces of bovine feces(31.43%),17 pieces of sheep feces(48.57%),2 pieces of dog feces(5.71%)and 5 pieces of other feces(14.29%),and no infections were detected. Conclusions There is a low risk of schistosomiasis transmission in the area along the Yangtze River in Yangzhou City. However,the contamination of feces from bovine and sheep that are freely pastured on marshlands is a big threat to schistosomiasis control.
引文
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[18]洪青标,闻礼永,钟波,等.适宜技术:消除血吸虫病进程中的推进器——2015年首届中国血吸虫病防治论坛述评[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2015,27(5):447-450.
[19]王福彪,马玉才,孙乐平,等.江苏省血吸虫病监测预警关键技术研究与集成示范Ⅲ机械化清障自动投药灭螺一体机的研制[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2016,28(1):5-10.
[20]王加松,何亮才,荣先兵,等.荆岑DY-1型血防灭螺药液专用喷洒机研制与应用[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2016,28(1):75-78,91.
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[25]朱蓉,赵根明,李华忠,等.我国血吸虫病监测网络的发展与展望[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2011,23(1):14-17.
[26]许静,杨坤,李石柱,等.我国血吸虫病传播控制后的监测体系[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2014,26(1):1-5.
[27]闻礼永,严晓岚,张剑锋,等.当前我国传播阻断省份血吸虫病监测情况和巩固策略[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2011,23(1):18-21,31.
[28]吴晓华,许静,郑江,等.中国血吸虫病传播控制与传播阻断地区面临的挑战及对策[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2004,16(1):1-3.
[2]郝阳,吴晓华,夏刚,等.2004年全国血吸虫病疫情通报[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2005,17(6):401-404.
[3]雷正龙,张利娟,徐志敏,等.2014年全国血吸虫病疫情通报[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2015,27(6):563-569.
[4]Li SZ,Zheng H,Abe EM,et al.Reduction patterns of acute schistosomiasis in the People’s Republic of China[J].PLo S Negl Trop Dis,2014,8(5):e2849.
[5]严俊,胡桃,雷正龙.全国重点寄生虫病的防控形势与挑战[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,2015,33(6):412-417.
[6]周晓农.开展精准防治实现消除血吸虫病的目标[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2016,28(1):1-4.
[7]雷正龙,周晓农.消除血吸虫病——我国血吸虫病防治工作的新目标与新任务[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2015,27(1):1-4.
[8]周晓农,姜庆五,郭家钢,等.我国血吸虫病传播阻断实现路径的探讨[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2012,24(1):1-4.
[9]陈红根,谢曙英,曾小军,等.当前我国湖区血吸虫病流行特征与防治策略[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2011,23(1):5-9.
[10]神学慧,孙乐平,李叶芳,等.江滩流行区中长期规划血吸虫病控制效果及其巩固策略探讨[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2015,27(5):457-462.
[11]孙乐平,周晓农,洪青标.长江下游江滩地区血吸虫病再流行规律的研究Ⅰ钉螺的迁入与消长[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2001,13(4):213-215.
[12]许静,杨坤,李石柱,等.我国血吸虫病传播控制后的监测体系[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2014,26(1):1-5.
[13]周晓农,林丹丹,汪天平.我国“十二五”期间血吸虫病防治策略与工作重点[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2011,23(1):70-72.
[14]梁幼生,孙乐平,戴建荣,等.江苏省血吸虫病监测预警系统的研究I水体感染性监测预警指标及方法的构建[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2009,21(5):363-367.
[15]高扬,孙乐平,左引萍,等.流动渔船民血吸虫病防治措施的研究Ⅲ船员区域联动查治病机制的构建与应用[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2011,23(5):535-540.
[16]Zhou XN,Bergquist R,Leonardo L,et al.Schistosomiasis japonica control and research needs[J].Adv Parasitol,2010,72:145-178.
[17]周晓农,汪天平,王立英,等.中国血吸虫病流行现状分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2004,25(7):555-558.
[18]洪青标,闻礼永,钟波,等.适宜技术:消除血吸虫病进程中的推进器——2015年首届中国血吸虫病防治论坛述评[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2015,27(5):447-450.
[19]王福彪,马玉才,孙乐平,等.江苏省血吸虫病监测预警关键技术研究与集成示范Ⅲ机械化清障自动投药灭螺一体机的研制[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2016,28(1):5-10.
[20]王加松,何亮才,荣先兵,等.荆岑DY-1型血防灭螺药液专用喷洒机研制与应用[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2016,28(1):75-78,91.
[21]Sun LP,Liang YS,Wu HH,et al.A google earth-based surveillance system for schistosomiasis japonica implemented in the lower reaches of the Yangtze river,China[J].Parasit Vectors,2011,4:223.
[22]孙乐平,梁幼生,吴红辉,等.江苏省血吸虫病防治重点村综合治理效果评价[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2009,21(4):285-289.
[23]周晓农.我国血吸虫病的监测与预警[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2009,21(5):341-344.
[24]孙乐平,梁幼生,戴建荣,等.江苏省血吸虫病监测预警关键技术研究与集成示范Ⅰ监测预警示范点布局与效果[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2015,27(3):221-228.
[25]朱蓉,赵根明,李华忠,等.我国血吸虫病监测网络的发展与展望[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2011,23(1):14-17.
[26]许静,杨坤,李石柱,等.我国血吸虫病传播控制后的监测体系[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2014,26(1):1-5.
[27]闻礼永,严晓岚,张剑锋,等.当前我国传播阻断省份血吸虫病监测情况和巩固策略[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2011,23(1):18-21,31.
[28]吴晓华,许静,郑江,等.中国血吸虫病传播控制与传播阻断地区面临的挑战及对策[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2004,16(1):1-3.