江苏省血吸虫病监测预警关键技术研究与集成示范Ⅲ机械化清障自动投药灭螺一体机的研制
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摘要
目的研制机械化清障自动投药灭螺一体机,评价其现场应用效果,为大环境江滩提供灭螺新技术。方法利用机械化、自动化原理与技术,研制适合江滩复杂环境使用的清障与喷撒灭螺药的一体机,在江滩进行现场应用试验,观察一体机清障旋耕效果及旋耕后不同深度土层活螺分布情况,综合比较单纯旋耕组和旋耕后施药组的灭螺效果。结果机械化清障自动投药灭螺一体机实现了同步完成植被压倒粉碎、旋耕灭茬和撒药灭螺等工作程序。旋耕作业后0~5、6~10、11~15 cm和16~20 cm土层内活螺构成比分别为36.31%、25.60%、22.62%和15.48%,其中0~10 cm表层土内活螺占61.91%。现场试验7 d和15 d后,单纯旋耕2遍组土表钉螺死亡率分别为9.38%和8.29%,旋耕2遍+施药1次组土表钉螺死亡率分别为63.04%和80.70%,旋耕2遍+施药组钉螺死亡率显著高于单纯旋耕2遍组(χ_(7d)~2=42.74,χ_(15d)~2=155.56,P均<0.01);现场试验30 d后,单纯旋耕2遍组和旋耕2遍+施药组土表钉螺密度分别为3.02只/0.1 m~2和0.53只/0.1 m~2,分别比试验前下降了64.92%和93.60%,旋耕2遍+施药组环境钉螺密度下降率比单纯旋耕2遍组高30%左右。结论机械化清障自动投药灭螺一体机实现了江滩复杂环境清障与喷撒灭螺药一体化,为我国开展大环境现场灭螺提供了新技术。
Objective To develop a machine simultaneously integrating mechanized environmental cleaning and automatic mollusciciding and to evaluate its effectiveness of field application,so as to provide a novel Oncomelania hupensis snail control technique in the large-scale marshlands.Methods The machine simultaneously integrating mechanized environmental cleaning and automatic mollusciciding,which was suitable for use in complex marshland areas,was developed according to the mechanization and automation principles,and was used for O.hupensis snail control in the marshland.The effect of the machine on environmental cleaning and plough was evaluated,and the distribution of living snails was observed at various soil layers following plough.The snail control effects of plough alone and plough followed by mollusciciding were compared.Results The machine could simultaneously complete the procedures of getting vegetation down and cut vegetation into pieces,plough and snail control by spraying niclosamide.After plough,the constituent ratios of living snails were 36.31%,25.60%,22.62%and15.48%in the soil layers at depths of 0-5,6-10,11-15 cm and 16-20 cm respectively,and 61.91%living snails were found in the 0-10 cm soil layers.Seven and fifteen days after the experiment,the mortality rates of snails were 9.38%and 8.29%in the plough alone group,and 63.04%and 80.70%in the plough + mollusciciding group respectively(χ_(7d)~2 = 42.74,χ_(15d)~2 =155.56,both P values < 0.01).Thirty days after the experiment,the densities of snails were 3.02 snails/0.1 m2 and 0.53 snails/0.1 m in the soil surface of the plough alone group and the plough + mollusciciding group,which decreased by 64.92%and93.60%,respectively,and the decrease rate of snail density was approximately 30%higher in the plough + mollusciciding group than that in the plough alone group.Conclusions The machine simultaneously integrating mechanized environmental cleaning and automatic mollusciciding achieves the integration of mechanical environmental cleaning and automatic niclosamide spraying in the complex marshland areas,which provides a novel technique of field snail control in the large-scale setting in China.
Objective To develop a machine simultaneously integrating mechanized environmental cleaning and automatic mollusciciding and to evaluate its effectiveness of field application,so as to provide a novel Oncomelania hupensis snail control technique in the large-scale marshlands.Methods The machine simultaneously integrating mechanized environmental cleaning and automatic mollusciciding,which was suitable for use in complex marshland areas,was developed according to the mechanization and automation principles,and was used for O.hupensis snail control in the marshland.The effect of the machine on environmental cleaning and plough was evaluated,and the distribution of living snails was observed at various soil layers following plough.The snail control effects of plough alone and plough followed by mollusciciding were compared.Results The machine could simultaneously complete the procedures of getting vegetation down and cut vegetation into pieces,plough and snail control by spraying niclosamide.After plough,the constituent ratios of living snails were 36.31%,25.60%,22.62%and15.48%in the soil layers at depths of 0-5,6-10,11-15 cm and 16-20 cm respectively,and 61.91%living snails were found in the 0-10 cm soil layers.Seven and fifteen days after the experiment,the mortality rates of snails were 9.38%and 8.29%in the plough alone group,and 63.04%and 80.70%in the plough + mollusciciding group respectively(χ_(7d)~2 = 42.74,χ_(15d)~2 =155.56,both P values < 0.01).Thirty days after the experiment,the densities of snails were 3.02 snails/0.1 m2 and 0.53 snails/0.1 m in the soil surface of the plough alone group and the plough + mollusciciding group,which decreased by 64.92%and93.60%,respectively,and the decrease rate of snail density was approximately 30%higher in the plough + mollusciciding group than that in the plough alone group.Conclusions The machine simultaneously integrating mechanized environmental cleaning and automatic mollusciciding achieves the integration of mechanical environmental cleaning and automatic niclosamide spraying in the complex marshland areas,which provides a novel technique of field snail control in the large-scale setting in China.
引文
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[16]贾铁武,孙乐平,洪青标,等.“螺威”植物杀螺剂现场灭螺效果研究与示范Ⅰ湖沼地区草洲喷洒灭螺效果观察[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2013,25(2):125-128.
[17]孙乐平,梁幼生,戴建荣,等.江苏省血吸虫病监测预警关键技术研究与集成示范Ⅰ监测预警示范点布局与效果[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2015,27(3):221-228.
[18]黄轶昕,张联恒,孙乐平,等.喷粉灭螺法控制血吸虫病易感地带感染性的现场研究[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2005,17(5):344-346.
[19]周晓农.我国血吸虫病流行特点与科学研究重点[J].中国地方病学杂志,2006,25(5):473-474.
[20]刘颖芳,彭宇,刘凤想,等.中国灭螺技术的研究进展[J].四川动物,2005,24(4):651-654.
[21]黄轶昕.湿地保护与钉螺控制[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2013,25(5):533-537.
[22]汪天平,操治国,林丹丹,等.“十二五”期间我国血吸虫病科学研究重点和方向[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2011,23(2):111-113.
[23]李华忠.论药物灭螺引入市场机制[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2009,21(2):81-82.
[24]高扬,孙乐平,左引萍,等.药物灭螺工程化管理模式及其现场应用评价[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2012,24(4):376-381.
[2]Chen MG,Feng Z.Schistosomiasis control in China[J].Parasitol Int,1999,48(1):11-19.
[3]雷正龙,张利娟,徐志敏,等.2014年全国血吸虫病疫情通报[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2015,27(6):563-569.
[4]郝阳,吴晓华,夏刚,等.2004年全国血吸虫病疫情通报[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2005,26(6):401-404.
[5]雷正龙,郑浩,张利娟,等.2013年全国血吸虫病疫情通报[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2014,26(6):591-597.
[6]雷正龙,周晓农.消除血吸虫病——我国血吸虫病防治工作的新目标与新任务[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2015,27(1):1-4.
[7]周晓农,汪天平,王立英,等.中国血吸虫病流行现状分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2004,25(7):546-567.
[8]周晓农,林丹丹,汪天平,等.我国“十二五”期间血吸虫病防治策略与工作重点[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2011,23(1):1-4.
[9]贾悦,戴建荣.氯硝柳胺的环境行为研究进展[J].中国人兽共患病学报,2013,29(12):1203-1207.
[10]郑江.我国血吸虫病防治的成就及面临的问题[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,2009,27(5):398-401.
[11]周晓农,姜庆五,郭家刚,等.我国血吸虫病传播阻断实现路径的探讨[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2012,24(1):1-4.
[12]洪青标,闻礼永,钟波,等.适宜技术:消除血吸虫病进程中的推进器——2015年首届中国血吸虫病防治论坛述评[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2015,27(5):447-450.
[13]神学慧,孙乐平,李叶芳,等.江滩流行区中长期规划血吸虫病控制效果及其巩固策略探讨[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2015,27(5):457-462.
[14]周晓农.实用钉螺学[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:234-235.
[15]Sun LP,Liang YS,Wu HH,et al.A Google Earth-based surveillance system for schistosomiasis japonica implemented in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,China[J].Parasites&Vectors,2011,4:223.
[16]贾铁武,孙乐平,洪青标,等.“螺威”植物杀螺剂现场灭螺效果研究与示范Ⅰ湖沼地区草洲喷洒灭螺效果观察[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2013,25(2):125-128.
[17]孙乐平,梁幼生,戴建荣,等.江苏省血吸虫病监测预警关键技术研究与集成示范Ⅰ监测预警示范点布局与效果[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2015,27(3):221-228.
[18]黄轶昕,张联恒,孙乐平,等.喷粉灭螺法控制血吸虫病易感地带感染性的现场研究[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2005,17(5):344-346.
[19]周晓农.我国血吸虫病流行特点与科学研究重点[J].中国地方病学杂志,2006,25(5):473-474.
[20]刘颖芳,彭宇,刘凤想,等.中国灭螺技术的研究进展[J].四川动物,2005,24(4):651-654.
[21]黄轶昕.湿地保护与钉螺控制[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2013,25(5):533-537.
[22]汪天平,操治国,林丹丹,等.“十二五”期间我国血吸虫病科学研究重点和方向[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2011,23(2):111-113.
[23]李华忠.论药物灭螺引入市场机制[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2009,21(2):81-82.
[24]高扬,孙乐平,左引萍,等.药物灭螺工程化管理模式及其现场应用评价[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2012,24(4):376-381.