海马齿生态浮床对海水养殖池塘的修复效果
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摘要
[目的]研究海马齿生态浮床对海水养殖池塘的修复效果。[方法]采取自然条件下周期性监测,根据试验海塘的地理形状和海马齿浮床铺设分布特点,设试验区和对照区,其中试验区设有海马齿区和无海马齿区,选择传统鱼塘作为对照区,研究养殖池塘在原位生态修复方法下水体氮、磷营养盐、海马齿生长、沉积物–水界面通量等的变化规律。[结果]海马齿生态浮床修复的试验区与对照区相比,DO浓度与透明度增大,主要污染物浓度降低。与对照区比较,海马齿浮床对磷、氨、氮有显著去除作用(P<0.05),海马齿浮床区域COD含量较对照区明显降低(P<0.05)。叶绿素a含量、TPM、POM均表现出试验区较对照区小(P<0.05),说明海马齿浮床对水体的颗粒有机物有去除作用。11月浮床区海马齿C储量为39.56 g/m~2,N储量为0.77 g/m~2,P储量为0.21 g/m~2。[结论]海马齿生态浮床能改善养殖区域生态环境。
[Objective]To research the restoration effects of Sesuvium portulacastrum ecological floating bed to mariculture pond.[Method]Periodic monitoring under natural condition was adopted. According to the characteristics of geographic shapes of mariculture pond and the distribution characteristics of S. portulacastrum ecological floating bed,we designed both test region and control region. Among them,test region had S. portulacastrum region and region without S. portulacastrum. With traditional fish pond as the control,the change laws of water N and P nutrient salt,S.portulacastrum growth,sediment-water layer flux were researched under the method of in situ ecological restoration method. [Result] Compared with the control region,the test region of S. portulacastrum ecological floating bed had greater dissolved oxygen and transparency,and lower concentration of main pollutants. Compared with the control region,S. portulacastrum ecological floating bed showed significant removal action to phosphorus,nitrogen and ammonia( P < 0. 05). COD in S. portulacastrum ecological floating bed region reduced significantly compared with control region. Chlorophyll a content,TPM and POM in test region were all smaller than those in control region( P < 0. 05),showing that S. portulacastrum ecological floating bed had significant removal action to particulate organic matter in water body. C,N and P storages of S. portulacastrum in the ecological floating bed were 39. 56,0. 77 and 0. 21 g / m~2 in November.[Conclusion]S. portulacastrum ecological floating bed improves the ecological environment of culture area.
[Objective]To research the restoration effects of Sesuvium portulacastrum ecological floating bed to mariculture pond.[Method]Periodic monitoring under natural condition was adopted. According to the characteristics of geographic shapes of mariculture pond and the distribution characteristics of S. portulacastrum ecological floating bed,we designed both test region and control region. Among them,test region had S. portulacastrum region and region without S. portulacastrum. With traditional fish pond as the control,the change laws of water N and P nutrient salt,S.portulacastrum growth,sediment-water layer flux were researched under the method of in situ ecological restoration method. [Result] Compared with the control region,the test region of S. portulacastrum ecological floating bed had greater dissolved oxygen and transparency,and lower concentration of main pollutants. Compared with the control region,S. portulacastrum ecological floating bed showed significant removal action to phosphorus,nitrogen and ammonia( P < 0. 05). COD in S. portulacastrum ecological floating bed region reduced significantly compared with control region. Chlorophyll a content,TPM and POM in test region were all smaller than those in control region( P < 0. 05),showing that S. portulacastrum ecological floating bed had significant removal action to particulate organic matter in water body. C,N and P storages of S. portulacastrum in the ecological floating bed were 39. 56,0. 77 and 0. 21 g / m~2 in November.[Conclusion]S. portulacastrum ecological floating bed improves the ecological environment of culture area.
引文
[1]窦碧霞,黄建荣,李连春,等.海马齿对海水养殖系统中氮、磷的移除效果研究[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(5):94-99.
[2]岳晓彩,饶科,熊安安,等.生态浮床原位修复对海水养殖池塘底栖动物群落结构的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2014,35(1):22-27.
[3]唐昌林.中国植物志[M].北京:科学出版社,1996:30-32.
[4]GRASSHOFF K,ERHARDT M,KREMLING K,et al.Methods of seawater analysis[M].Weiheim,Germany:Verlag Chemie,1983.
[5]ZHOU Y,ZHANG F S,YAH S,et al.Comparison of effectiveness of different ashing auxiliaries for determination of phosphorus in natural waters,aquatic organismand sediment by ignition method[J].Water research,2003,37:3875-3882.
[6]中华人民共和国林业部科技司.林业标准汇编(三)[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1991.
[7]顾凯平,张坤,张丽霞.森林碳汇计量方法的研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,32(5):105-109.
[8]北京林业大学.土壤理化分析实验指导书[M].北京:北京林业大学出版社,2002.
[9]LI Y,GREGROY S.Diffusion of ions in a water and deep-sea sediment[J].Geoclumica et cosmochimica acta,1974,38:703-714.
[10]GHANYA T,MESSEDI D,ABDELLY C,et al.Cadmium effects on growth an mineral nutrition of two halophytes:Sesuvium portulacastrum and Mesembryanthemum crystallinum[J].Journal of plant physiology,2005,162:1133-1140.
[11]段瑞军,胡新文,符少萍,等.盐胁迫下海马齿叶肉细胞超微结构观察[J].热带作物学报,2010,31(3):397-403.
[12]LOKHANDE V H,NIKAM T D,SUPRASANNA P.Biochemical,physiological and growth changes in response to salinity in callus cultures of Sesuvium portulacastrum L.[J].Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult,2010,102:17-25.
[13]张艳琳,范伟,蔡元保,等.海马齿对不同比例淡海水组培的生长和生理响应[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(6):1240-1245.
[14]MESSDDI D,LABIDI N,GRIGNON G,et al.Limits imposed by salt to the growth of the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum[J].Plant nutrition soil science,2004,167:720-725.
[15]MESSEDDI D,SLEIMI N,ABDELLY C.Salt tolerance in Sesuvium portulacastrum[J].Plant nutrition-food security and sustainability of agroecosystems,2001,92(6):406-407.
[16]VINAYAK H L,TUKARAM D N,VIKAS Y P,et al.Effects of optimal and supra-optimal salinity stress on antioxidative defence,osmolytes and in vitro growth responses in Sesuvium portulacastrum L.[J].Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult,2011,104:41-49.
[17]窦碧霞.海马齿处理海水养殖污水及其营养价值综合研究[D].广州:中山大学,2012.
[18]邵学新,李文华,吴明,等.杭州湾潮滩湿地3种优势植物碳氮磷储量特征研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(9):3451-3457.
[19]阳承胜,蓝崇钰,张干.N、P、K在宽叶香蒲人工湿地系统中的分布与积累[J].深圳大学学报(理工版),2005,22(3):264-268.
[20]DIETZ A C,SCHNOOR J L.Advances in phytoremediation[J].Environ health perspect,2001,109(S1):163-168.
[21]林永青,吴佳鑫,郑新庆,等.浮床栽培海马齿对海水中悬浮颗粒物清除作用的实验研究[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2011,50(5):909-914.
[22]窦碧霞,黄建荣,李连春,等.海马齿对海水养殖系统中氮、磷的移除效果研究[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(5):94-99.
[23]张志英,黄凌风,姜丹,等.浮床种植海马齿对富营养化海水氮、磷移除能力的初步研究[C]//中国环境科学学会.中国环境科学学会2009年学术年会论文集(第二卷).北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2009:50-54.
[24]黄小平,郭芳,岳维忠.南海北部沉积物间隙水中营养盐研究[J].热带海洋学报,2006,25(5):43-48.
[25]卢光明,乐观宗,钟明杰,等.锯缘青蟹养殖池塘中沉积物磷释放的初步研究[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(5):1115-1120.
[26]赵志梅,张雷,郑丙辉,等.渤海湾沉积物中氮、磷的空间分布特征研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(4):107-111.
[27]郭永坚,王芳,董双林,等.草鱼不同混养模式下围隔底泥反硝化、硝化和氨化速率[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(4):857-866.
[28]GARDNER W S,MCCARTHY M J,SOBOLEV D.Nitrogen fixation and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium(DNRA)support nitrogen dynamics in Texas estuaries[J].Limnology and oceanography,2006,51(1):558-568.
[29]孙德文,詹勇,许梓荣.环境温度在鱼类养殖业中的重要作用研究[J].水产养殖,2003,24(2):36-39.
[30]黄小平,郭芳,黄道建.大亚湾典型养殖区沉积物-海水界面营养盐扩散通量及其环境意义[J].海洋环境科学,2008,27(S2):6-12.
[31]NICKELL L A,BLACK K D,HUGHES D J,et al,Bioturbation,sediment fluxes and benthic community structure around a salmon cage farm in Loch Creran,Scotland[J].Exp Mar Biol Ecol,2003,285/286:221-233.
[2]岳晓彩,饶科,熊安安,等.生态浮床原位修复对海水养殖池塘底栖动物群落结构的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2014,35(1):22-27.
[3]唐昌林.中国植物志[M].北京:科学出版社,1996:30-32.
[4]GRASSHOFF K,ERHARDT M,KREMLING K,et al.Methods of seawater analysis[M].Weiheim,Germany:Verlag Chemie,1983.
[5]ZHOU Y,ZHANG F S,YAH S,et al.Comparison of effectiveness of different ashing auxiliaries for determination of phosphorus in natural waters,aquatic organismand sediment by ignition method[J].Water research,2003,37:3875-3882.
[6]中华人民共和国林业部科技司.林业标准汇编(三)[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1991.
[7]顾凯平,张坤,张丽霞.森林碳汇计量方法的研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,32(5):105-109.
[8]北京林业大学.土壤理化分析实验指导书[M].北京:北京林业大学出版社,2002.
[9]LI Y,GREGROY S.Diffusion of ions in a water and deep-sea sediment[J].Geoclumica et cosmochimica acta,1974,38:703-714.
[10]GHANYA T,MESSEDI D,ABDELLY C,et al.Cadmium effects on growth an mineral nutrition of two halophytes:Sesuvium portulacastrum and Mesembryanthemum crystallinum[J].Journal of plant physiology,2005,162:1133-1140.
[11]段瑞军,胡新文,符少萍,等.盐胁迫下海马齿叶肉细胞超微结构观察[J].热带作物学报,2010,31(3):397-403.
[12]LOKHANDE V H,NIKAM T D,SUPRASANNA P.Biochemical,physiological and growth changes in response to salinity in callus cultures of Sesuvium portulacastrum L.[J].Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult,2010,102:17-25.
[13]张艳琳,范伟,蔡元保,等.海马齿对不同比例淡海水组培的生长和生理响应[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(6):1240-1245.
[14]MESSDDI D,LABIDI N,GRIGNON G,et al.Limits imposed by salt to the growth of the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum[J].Plant nutrition soil science,2004,167:720-725.
[15]MESSEDDI D,SLEIMI N,ABDELLY C.Salt tolerance in Sesuvium portulacastrum[J].Plant nutrition-food security and sustainability of agroecosystems,2001,92(6):406-407.
[16]VINAYAK H L,TUKARAM D N,VIKAS Y P,et al.Effects of optimal and supra-optimal salinity stress on antioxidative defence,osmolytes and in vitro growth responses in Sesuvium portulacastrum L.[J].Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult,2011,104:41-49.
[17]窦碧霞.海马齿处理海水养殖污水及其营养价值综合研究[D].广州:中山大学,2012.
[18]邵学新,李文华,吴明,等.杭州湾潮滩湿地3种优势植物碳氮磷储量特征研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(9):3451-3457.
[19]阳承胜,蓝崇钰,张干.N、P、K在宽叶香蒲人工湿地系统中的分布与积累[J].深圳大学学报(理工版),2005,22(3):264-268.
[20]DIETZ A C,SCHNOOR J L.Advances in phytoremediation[J].Environ health perspect,2001,109(S1):163-168.
[21]林永青,吴佳鑫,郑新庆,等.浮床栽培海马齿对海水中悬浮颗粒物清除作用的实验研究[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2011,50(5):909-914.
[22]窦碧霞,黄建荣,李连春,等.海马齿对海水养殖系统中氮、磷的移除效果研究[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(5):94-99.
[23]张志英,黄凌风,姜丹,等.浮床种植海马齿对富营养化海水氮、磷移除能力的初步研究[C]//中国环境科学学会.中国环境科学学会2009年学术年会论文集(第二卷).北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2009:50-54.
[24]黄小平,郭芳,岳维忠.南海北部沉积物间隙水中营养盐研究[J].热带海洋学报,2006,25(5):43-48.
[25]卢光明,乐观宗,钟明杰,等.锯缘青蟹养殖池塘中沉积物磷释放的初步研究[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(5):1115-1120.
[26]赵志梅,张雷,郑丙辉,等.渤海湾沉积物中氮、磷的空间分布特征研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(4):107-111.
[27]郭永坚,王芳,董双林,等.草鱼不同混养模式下围隔底泥反硝化、硝化和氨化速率[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(4):857-866.
[28]GARDNER W S,MCCARTHY M J,SOBOLEV D.Nitrogen fixation and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium(DNRA)support nitrogen dynamics in Texas estuaries[J].Limnology and oceanography,2006,51(1):558-568.
[29]孙德文,詹勇,许梓荣.环境温度在鱼类养殖业中的重要作用研究[J].水产养殖,2003,24(2):36-39.
[30]黄小平,郭芳,黄道建.大亚湾典型养殖区沉积物-海水界面营养盐扩散通量及其环境意义[J].海洋环境科学,2008,27(S2):6-12.
[31]NICKELL L A,BLACK K D,HUGHES D J,et al,Bioturbation,sediment fluxes and benthic community structure around a salmon cage farm in Loch Creran,Scotland[J].Exp Mar Biol Ecol,2003,285/286:221-233.