石莼和海马齿对海水养殖水体的单一及协同净化效果
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摘要
为探究水生植物对海水养殖水体的净化作用以及不同水生植物之间的协同净化效果,本研究开展了石莼单一处理、海马齿单一处理以及海马齿与石莼协同处理海水养殖水体实验。结果表明:不同种植密度的石莼均可显著改善水质,其中2.0 g·L~(-1)的种植密度最为合适,处理12 d后,对COD、无机磷、铵氮和总氮的去除率分别达到41.7%、76.9%、81.8%和67.2%;不同种植密度的海马齿同样显著改善水质,其中4.8 g·L~(-1)的种植密度最为合适,在处理12 d后,对COD、无机磷、铵氮和总氮的去除率分别达到49.0%、20.8%、98.5%和55.9%;海马齿与石莼协同处理对COD、无机磷、铵氮和总氮的去除率分别达到了36.7%、100.0%、100.0%和88.8%,表明不同类型水生植物混合种植能够有效提高其对养殖水体的净化能力。本研究表明,石莼及海马齿均能改善养殖水体水质,且适当的密度与合理的搭配能够有效促进植物修复效果。
We evaluated the single and synergistic effects of Ulva lactuca and Sesuvium portulacastrum on the purification of mariculture wastewater. The results showed that the water quality was significantly improved by U. lactuca with different planting densities after 12 days treatment.The treatment with a density of 2.0 g·L~(-1) showed the highest removal rates of COD,inorganic phosphorus,ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen,with values being 41. 7% 76. 9%,81. 8%,and 67.2%,respectively. Similarly,S. portulacastrum with different planting densities also significantly improved water quality after 12 days treatment. The planting density of 4.8 g·L~(-1) had the highest removal rates of COD,inorganic phosphorus,ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen,which were 49. 0% 20. 8%,98. 5%,and 55. 9%,respectively. In the treatment with combined U. lactuca and S. portulacastrum,the removal rates of COD,inorganic phosphorus,ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen reached 36.7%,100%,100.0%,and 88.8% respectively,indicating that their combination enhanced the purification ability. Our results suggest that both U. lactuca and S. portulacastrum can improve water quality,and appropriate planting density and suitable combination of plant species would promote the phytoremediation effects.
We evaluated the single and synergistic effects of Ulva lactuca and Sesuvium portulacastrum on the purification of mariculture wastewater. The results showed that the water quality was significantly improved by U. lactuca with different planting densities after 12 days treatment.The treatment with a density of 2.0 g·L~(-1) showed the highest removal rates of COD,inorganic phosphorus,ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen,with values being 41. 7% 76. 9%,81. 8%,and 67.2%,respectively. Similarly,S. portulacastrum with different planting densities also significantly improved water quality after 12 days treatment. The planting density of 4.8 g·L~(-1) had the highest removal rates of COD,inorganic phosphorus,ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen,which were 49. 0% 20. 8%,98. 5%,and 55. 9%,respectively. In the treatment with combined U. lactuca and S. portulacastrum,the removal rates of COD,inorganic phosphorus,ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen reached 36.7%,100%,100.0%,and 88.8% respectively,indicating that their combination enhanced the purification ability. Our results suggest that both U. lactuca and S. portulacastrum can improve water quality,and appropriate planting density and suitable combination of plant species would promote the phytoremediation effects.
引文
窦碧霞,黄建荣,李连春,等.2011.海马齿对海水养殖系统中氮、磷的移除效果研究.水生态学杂志,32(5):94-99.
胡晓娟,文国樑,李卓佳,等.2018.养殖中后期高位池对虾水体微生物群落结构及水体理化因子.生态学杂志,37(1):171-178.
李萍,张修峰,莫树青,等.2016.背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)、苦草(Vallisneria natans)及其共存对水质的影响.生态学杂志,35(6):1589-1594.
林彦彦,高珊珊,陈婧芳,等.2016.海马齿对锌的耐性与富集特征.湿地科学,14(4):561-567.
徐德福,徐建民,王华胜,等.2005.湿地植物对富营养化水体中氮、磷吸收能力研究.植物营养与肥料学报,11(5):597-601.
翟哲,冯建祥,高珊珊,等.2017.生态浮床对养殖水产品中重金属含量和肌肉品质的影响.水产学报,41(1):88-98.
曾碧健,窦碧霞,黎祖福,等.2017.海洋盐生植物海马齿(Sesuvium portulacastrum)对环境盐度胁迫的耐受性及营养价值综合评价.海洋与湖沼,48(3):568-575.
邹定辉,夏建荣.2011.大型海藻的营养盐代谢及其与近岸海域富营养化的关系.生态学杂志,30(3):589-595.
Aksmann A,Tukaj Z.2004.The effect of anthracene and phenanthrene on the growth,photosynthesis,and SOD activity of the green alga Scenedesmus armatus depends on the PARirradiance and CO2level.Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,47:177-184.
Ale MT,Mikkelsen JD,Meyer AS.2010.Differential growth response of Ulva lactuca to ammonium and nitrate assimilation.Journal of Applied Phycology,23:345-351.
Benli AC,Koksal G,Ozkul A.2008.Sublethal ammonia exposure of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus L.):Effects on gill,liver and kidney histology.Chemosphere,72:1355-1358.
Brix H.1997.Do macrophytes play a role in constructed treatment wetlands.Water Science and Technology,35:11-17.
Cai T,Stephen YP,Li Y.2013.Nutrient recovery from wastewater streams by microalgae:Status and prospects.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,19:360-369.
Chung AKC,Wu Y,Tam NFY,et al.2008.Nitrogen and phosphate mass balance in a sub-surface flow constructed wetland for treating municipal wastewater.Ecological Engineering,32:81-89.
Ciria MP,Solano ML,Soriano P.2005.Role of macrophyte Typha latifolia in a constructed wetland for wastewater treatment and assessment of its potential as a biomass fuel.Biosystems Engineering,92:535-544.
Coleman J,Hench K,Garbutt K,et al.2001.Treatment of domestic wastewater by three plant species in constructed wetlands.Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,128:283-295.
Cooper C.1993.Biological effects of agriculturally derived surface water pollutants on aquatic systems:A review.Journal of Environmental Quality,22:402-408.
Copertino Md S,Tormena T,Seeliger U.2008.Biofiltering efficiency,uptake and assimilation rates of Ulva clathrata(Roth)J.Agardh(Clorophyceae)cultivated in shrimp aquaculture waste water.Journal of Applied Phycology,21:31-45.
Craggs RJ,Adey WH,Jenson KR,et al.1996.Phosphorus removal from wastewater using an algal turf scrubber.Water Science and Technology,33:191-198.
Cruz-Surez LE,León A,Pe1a-Rodríguez A,et al.2010.Shrimp/Ulva co-culture:A sustainable alternative to diminish the need for artificial feed and improve shrimp quality.Aquaculture,301:64-68.
Engelhardt KA,Ritchie ME.2001.Effects of macrophyte species richness on wetland ecosystem functioning and services.Nature,411:687-689.
Faulwetter JL,Gagnon V,Sundberg C,et al.2009.Microbial processes influencing performance of treatment wetlands:Areview.Ecological Engineering,35:987-1004.
Feng J,Lin Y,Yang Y,et al.2017.Tolerance and bioaccumulation of Cd and Cu in Sesuvium portulacastrum.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,147:306-312.
Feng YY,Hou LC,Ping NX,et al.2004.Development of mariculture and its impacts in Chinese coastal waters.Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries,14:1-10.
Grime J.1998.Benefits of plant diversity to ecosystems:Immediate,filter and founder effects.Journal of Ecology,86:902-910.
Henriques B,Rocha LS,Lopes CB,et al.2017.A macroalgaebased biotechnology for water remediation:Simultaneous removal of Cd,Pb and Hg by living Ulva lactuca.Journal of Environmental Management,191:275-289.
Herbeck LS,Unger D,Wu Y,et al.2013.Effluent,nutrient and organic matter export from shrimp and fish ponds causing eutrophication in coastal and back-reef waters of NEHainan,tropical China.Continental Shelf Research,57:92-104.
Jackson C,Preston N,Thompson PJ,et al.2003.Nitrogen budget and effluent nitrogen components at an intensive shrimp farm.Aquaculture,218:397-411.
Kang YH,Park SR,Chung IK.2011.Biofiltration efficiency and biochemical composition of three seaweed species cultivated in a fish-seaweed integrated culture.Algae,26:97-108.
Karpiscak MM,Gerba CP,Watt PM,et al.1996.Multi-species plant systems for wastewater quality improvements and habitat enhancement.Water Science and Technology,33:231-236.
Khengaoui K,Mahammed MH,Touil Y,et al.2015.Influence of secondary salinity wastewater on the efficiency of biological treatment of sand filter.Energy Procedia,74:398-403.
Klomjek P,Nitisoravut S.2005.Constructed treatment wetland:A study of eight plant species under saline conditions.Chemosphere,58:585-593.
Koottatep T,Polprasert C.1997.Role of plant uptake on nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands located in the tropics.Water Science and Technology,36:1-8.
Lai WL,Wang SQ,Peng CL,et al.2011.Root features related to plant growth and nutrient removal of 35 wetland plants.Water Research,45:3941-3950.
Leto C,Tuttolomondo T,La Bella S,et al.2013.Effects of plant species in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland-phytoremediation of treated urban wastewater with Cyperus alternifolius L.and Typha latifolia L.in the West of Sicily(Italy).Ecological Engineering,61:282-291.
Li J,Wen Y,Zhou Q,et al.2008.Influence of vegetation and substrate on the removal and transformation of dissolved organic matter in horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands.Bioresource Technology,99:4990-4996.
Liu J,Yi NK,Wang S,et al.2016.Impact of plant species on spatial distribution of metabolic potential and functional diversity of microbial communities in a constructed wetland treating aquaculture wastewater.Ecological Engineering,94:564-573.
Lu Q,He ZL,Graetz DA,et al.2010.Phytoremediation to remove nutrients and improve eutrophic stormwaters using water lettuce(Pistia stratiotes L.).Environmental Science and Pollution Research,17:84-96.
Macchiavello J,Bulboa C.2014.Nutrient uptake efficiency of Gracilaria chilensis and Ulva lactuca in an IMTA system with the red abalone Haliotis rufescens.Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research,42:523-533.
Mann RA,Bavor HJ.1993.Phosphorus removal in constructed wetlands using gravel and industrial waste substrata.Water Science and Technology,27:107-113.
Martínez-Aragón JF,Hernández I,Pérez-Lloréns JL,et al.2002.Biofiltering efficiency in removal of dissolved nutrients by three species of estuarine macroalgae cultivated with sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)waste waters 1.Phosphate.Journal of Applied Phycology,14:365-374.
Matheson FE,Sukias JP.2010.Nitrate removal processes in a constructed wetland treating drainage from dairy pasture.Ecological Engineering,36:1260-1265.
Mook WT,Chakrabarti MH,Aroua MK,et al.2012.Removal of total ammonia nitrogen(TAN),nitrate and total organic carbon(TOC)from aquaculture wastewater using electrochemical technology:A review.Desalination,285:1-13.
Munoz R,Guieysse B.2006.Algal-bacterial processes for the treatment of hazardous contaminants:A review.Water Research,40:2799-2815.
Munoz R,Kollner C,Guieysse B,et al.2004.Photosynthetically oxygenated salicylate biodegradation in a continuous stirred tank photobioreactor.Biotechnology and Bioengineering,87:797-803.
Mustafa A,Scholz M.2010.Nutrient accumulation in Typha latifolia L.and sediment of a representative integrated constructed wetland.Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,219:329-341.
Neveux N,Magnusson M,Mata L,et al.2016.The treatment of municipal wastewater by the macroalga Oedogonium sp.and its potential for the production of biocrude.Algal Research,13:284-292.
Rai U,Tripathi R,Singh N,et al.2013.Constructed wetland as an ecotechnological tool for pollution treatment for conservation of Ganga river.Bioresource Technology,148:535-541.
Randall DJ,Tsui TK.2002.Ammonia toxicity in fish.Marine Pollution Bulletin,45:17-23.
Ravindran KC,Venkatesan K,Balakrishnan V,et al.2007.Restoration of saline land by halophytes for Indian soils.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,39:2661-2664.
Salima A,Benaouda B,Noureddine B,et al.2013.Application of Ulva lactuca and Systoceira stricta algae-based activated carbons to hazardous cationic dyes removal from industrial effluents.Water Research,47:3375-3388.
Sawaittayothin V,Polprasert C.2007,Nitrogen mass balance and microbial analysis of constructed wetlands treating municipal landfill leachate.Bioresource Technology,98:565-570.
Stephan A,Meyer AH,Schmid B.2000.Plant diversity affects culturable soil bacteria in experimental grassland communities.Journal of Ecology,88:988-998.
Sun G,Zhao Y,Allen S.2005.Enhanced removal of organic matter and ammoniacal-nitrogen in a column experiment of tidal flow constructed wetland system.Journal of Biotechnology,115:189-197.
Tsagkamilis P,Danielidis D,Dring M J,et al.2010.Removal of phosphate by the green seaweed Ulva lactuca in a smallscale sewage treatment plant(Ios Island,Aegean Sea,Greece).Journal of Applied Phycology,22:331-339.
Turcios A,Papenbrock J.2014.Sustainable treatment of aquaculture effluents:What can we learn from the past for the future?Sustainability,6:836-856.
Vandermeulen H,Gordin H.1990.Ammonium uptake using Ulva(Chlorophyta)in intensive fishpond systems:Mass culture and treatment of effluent.Journal of Applied Phycology,2:363-374.
Vymazal J.2011.Plants used in constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow:A review.Hydrobiologia,674:133-156.
Vymazal J.2013.Emergent plants used in free water surface constructed wetlands:A review.Ecological Engineering,61:582-592.
Wang N,Mitsch WJ.2000.A detailed ecosystem model of phosphorus dynamics in created riparian wetlands.Ecological Modelling,126:101-130.
Wunderlin P,Mohn J,Joss A,et al.2012.Mechanisms of N2Oproduction in biological wastewater treatment under nitrifying and denitrifying conditions.Water Research,46:1027-1037.
Zhang CB,Jiang W,Liu WL,et al.2010.Effects of plant diversity on nutrient retention and enzyme activities in a full-scale constructed wetland.Bioresource Technology,101:1686-1692.
Zhu SX,Ge HL,Ge Y,et al.2010.Effects of plant diversity on biomass production and substrate nitrogen in a subsurface vertical flow constructed wetland.Ecological Engineering,36:1307-1313.
胡晓娟,文国樑,李卓佳,等.2018.养殖中后期高位池对虾水体微生物群落结构及水体理化因子.生态学杂志,37(1):171-178.
李萍,张修峰,莫树青,等.2016.背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)、苦草(Vallisneria natans)及其共存对水质的影响.生态学杂志,35(6):1589-1594.
林彦彦,高珊珊,陈婧芳,等.2016.海马齿对锌的耐性与富集特征.湿地科学,14(4):561-567.
徐德福,徐建民,王华胜,等.2005.湿地植物对富营养化水体中氮、磷吸收能力研究.植物营养与肥料学报,11(5):597-601.
翟哲,冯建祥,高珊珊,等.2017.生态浮床对养殖水产品中重金属含量和肌肉品质的影响.水产学报,41(1):88-98.
曾碧健,窦碧霞,黎祖福,等.2017.海洋盐生植物海马齿(Sesuvium portulacastrum)对环境盐度胁迫的耐受性及营养价值综合评价.海洋与湖沼,48(3):568-575.
邹定辉,夏建荣.2011.大型海藻的营养盐代谢及其与近岸海域富营养化的关系.生态学杂志,30(3):589-595.
Aksmann A,Tukaj Z.2004.The effect of anthracene and phenanthrene on the growth,photosynthesis,and SOD activity of the green alga Scenedesmus armatus depends on the PARirradiance and CO2level.Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,47:177-184.
Ale MT,Mikkelsen JD,Meyer AS.2010.Differential growth response of Ulva lactuca to ammonium and nitrate assimilation.Journal of Applied Phycology,23:345-351.
Benli AC,Koksal G,Ozkul A.2008.Sublethal ammonia exposure of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus L.):Effects on gill,liver and kidney histology.Chemosphere,72:1355-1358.
Brix H.1997.Do macrophytes play a role in constructed treatment wetlands.Water Science and Technology,35:11-17.
Cai T,Stephen YP,Li Y.2013.Nutrient recovery from wastewater streams by microalgae:Status and prospects.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,19:360-369.
Chung AKC,Wu Y,Tam NFY,et al.2008.Nitrogen and phosphate mass balance in a sub-surface flow constructed wetland for treating municipal wastewater.Ecological Engineering,32:81-89.
Ciria MP,Solano ML,Soriano P.2005.Role of macrophyte Typha latifolia in a constructed wetland for wastewater treatment and assessment of its potential as a biomass fuel.Biosystems Engineering,92:535-544.
Coleman J,Hench K,Garbutt K,et al.2001.Treatment of domestic wastewater by three plant species in constructed wetlands.Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,128:283-295.
Cooper C.1993.Biological effects of agriculturally derived surface water pollutants on aquatic systems:A review.Journal of Environmental Quality,22:402-408.
Copertino Md S,Tormena T,Seeliger U.2008.Biofiltering efficiency,uptake and assimilation rates of Ulva clathrata(Roth)J.Agardh(Clorophyceae)cultivated in shrimp aquaculture waste water.Journal of Applied Phycology,21:31-45.
Craggs RJ,Adey WH,Jenson KR,et al.1996.Phosphorus removal from wastewater using an algal turf scrubber.Water Science and Technology,33:191-198.
Cruz-Surez LE,León A,Pe1a-Rodríguez A,et al.2010.Shrimp/Ulva co-culture:A sustainable alternative to diminish the need for artificial feed and improve shrimp quality.Aquaculture,301:64-68.
Engelhardt KA,Ritchie ME.2001.Effects of macrophyte species richness on wetland ecosystem functioning and services.Nature,411:687-689.
Faulwetter JL,Gagnon V,Sundberg C,et al.2009.Microbial processes influencing performance of treatment wetlands:Areview.Ecological Engineering,35:987-1004.
Feng J,Lin Y,Yang Y,et al.2017.Tolerance and bioaccumulation of Cd and Cu in Sesuvium portulacastrum.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,147:306-312.
Feng YY,Hou LC,Ping NX,et al.2004.Development of mariculture and its impacts in Chinese coastal waters.Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries,14:1-10.
Grime J.1998.Benefits of plant diversity to ecosystems:Immediate,filter and founder effects.Journal of Ecology,86:902-910.
Henriques B,Rocha LS,Lopes CB,et al.2017.A macroalgaebased biotechnology for water remediation:Simultaneous removal of Cd,Pb and Hg by living Ulva lactuca.Journal of Environmental Management,191:275-289.
Herbeck LS,Unger D,Wu Y,et al.2013.Effluent,nutrient and organic matter export from shrimp and fish ponds causing eutrophication in coastal and back-reef waters of NEHainan,tropical China.Continental Shelf Research,57:92-104.
Jackson C,Preston N,Thompson PJ,et al.2003.Nitrogen budget and effluent nitrogen components at an intensive shrimp farm.Aquaculture,218:397-411.
Kang YH,Park SR,Chung IK.2011.Biofiltration efficiency and biochemical composition of three seaweed species cultivated in a fish-seaweed integrated culture.Algae,26:97-108.
Karpiscak MM,Gerba CP,Watt PM,et al.1996.Multi-species plant systems for wastewater quality improvements and habitat enhancement.Water Science and Technology,33:231-236.
Khengaoui K,Mahammed MH,Touil Y,et al.2015.Influence of secondary salinity wastewater on the efficiency of biological treatment of sand filter.Energy Procedia,74:398-403.
Klomjek P,Nitisoravut S.2005.Constructed treatment wetland:A study of eight plant species under saline conditions.Chemosphere,58:585-593.
Koottatep T,Polprasert C.1997.Role of plant uptake on nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands located in the tropics.Water Science and Technology,36:1-8.
Lai WL,Wang SQ,Peng CL,et al.2011.Root features related to plant growth and nutrient removal of 35 wetland plants.Water Research,45:3941-3950.
Leto C,Tuttolomondo T,La Bella S,et al.2013.Effects of plant species in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland-phytoremediation of treated urban wastewater with Cyperus alternifolius L.and Typha latifolia L.in the West of Sicily(Italy).Ecological Engineering,61:282-291.
Li J,Wen Y,Zhou Q,et al.2008.Influence of vegetation and substrate on the removal and transformation of dissolved organic matter in horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands.Bioresource Technology,99:4990-4996.
Liu J,Yi NK,Wang S,et al.2016.Impact of plant species on spatial distribution of metabolic potential and functional diversity of microbial communities in a constructed wetland treating aquaculture wastewater.Ecological Engineering,94:564-573.
Lu Q,He ZL,Graetz DA,et al.2010.Phytoremediation to remove nutrients and improve eutrophic stormwaters using water lettuce(Pistia stratiotes L.).Environmental Science and Pollution Research,17:84-96.
Macchiavello J,Bulboa C.2014.Nutrient uptake efficiency of Gracilaria chilensis and Ulva lactuca in an IMTA system with the red abalone Haliotis rufescens.Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research,42:523-533.
Mann RA,Bavor HJ.1993.Phosphorus removal in constructed wetlands using gravel and industrial waste substrata.Water Science and Technology,27:107-113.
Martínez-Aragón JF,Hernández I,Pérez-Lloréns JL,et al.2002.Biofiltering efficiency in removal of dissolved nutrients by three species of estuarine macroalgae cultivated with sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)waste waters 1.Phosphate.Journal of Applied Phycology,14:365-374.
Matheson FE,Sukias JP.2010.Nitrate removal processes in a constructed wetland treating drainage from dairy pasture.Ecological Engineering,36:1260-1265.
Mook WT,Chakrabarti MH,Aroua MK,et al.2012.Removal of total ammonia nitrogen(TAN),nitrate and total organic carbon(TOC)from aquaculture wastewater using electrochemical technology:A review.Desalination,285:1-13.
Munoz R,Guieysse B.2006.Algal-bacterial processes for the treatment of hazardous contaminants:A review.Water Research,40:2799-2815.
Munoz R,Kollner C,Guieysse B,et al.2004.Photosynthetically oxygenated salicylate biodegradation in a continuous stirred tank photobioreactor.Biotechnology and Bioengineering,87:797-803.
Mustafa A,Scholz M.2010.Nutrient accumulation in Typha latifolia L.and sediment of a representative integrated constructed wetland.Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,219:329-341.
Neveux N,Magnusson M,Mata L,et al.2016.The treatment of municipal wastewater by the macroalga Oedogonium sp.and its potential for the production of biocrude.Algal Research,13:284-292.
Rai U,Tripathi R,Singh N,et al.2013.Constructed wetland as an ecotechnological tool for pollution treatment for conservation of Ganga river.Bioresource Technology,148:535-541.
Randall DJ,Tsui TK.2002.Ammonia toxicity in fish.Marine Pollution Bulletin,45:17-23.
Ravindran KC,Venkatesan K,Balakrishnan V,et al.2007.Restoration of saline land by halophytes for Indian soils.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,39:2661-2664.
Salima A,Benaouda B,Noureddine B,et al.2013.Application of Ulva lactuca and Systoceira stricta algae-based activated carbons to hazardous cationic dyes removal from industrial effluents.Water Research,47:3375-3388.
Sawaittayothin V,Polprasert C.2007,Nitrogen mass balance and microbial analysis of constructed wetlands treating municipal landfill leachate.Bioresource Technology,98:565-570.
Stephan A,Meyer AH,Schmid B.2000.Plant diversity affects culturable soil bacteria in experimental grassland communities.Journal of Ecology,88:988-998.
Sun G,Zhao Y,Allen S.2005.Enhanced removal of organic matter and ammoniacal-nitrogen in a column experiment of tidal flow constructed wetland system.Journal of Biotechnology,115:189-197.
Tsagkamilis P,Danielidis D,Dring M J,et al.2010.Removal of phosphate by the green seaweed Ulva lactuca in a smallscale sewage treatment plant(Ios Island,Aegean Sea,Greece).Journal of Applied Phycology,22:331-339.
Turcios A,Papenbrock J.2014.Sustainable treatment of aquaculture effluents:What can we learn from the past for the future?Sustainability,6:836-856.
Vandermeulen H,Gordin H.1990.Ammonium uptake using Ulva(Chlorophyta)in intensive fishpond systems:Mass culture and treatment of effluent.Journal of Applied Phycology,2:363-374.
Vymazal J.2011.Plants used in constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow:A review.Hydrobiologia,674:133-156.
Vymazal J.2013.Emergent plants used in free water surface constructed wetlands:A review.Ecological Engineering,61:582-592.
Wang N,Mitsch WJ.2000.A detailed ecosystem model of phosphorus dynamics in created riparian wetlands.Ecological Modelling,126:101-130.
Wunderlin P,Mohn J,Joss A,et al.2012.Mechanisms of N2Oproduction in biological wastewater treatment under nitrifying and denitrifying conditions.Water Research,46:1027-1037.
Zhang CB,Jiang W,Liu WL,et al.2010.Effects of plant diversity on nutrient retention and enzyme activities in a full-scale constructed wetland.Bioresource Technology,101:1686-1692.
Zhu SX,Ge HL,Ge Y,et al.2010.Effects of plant diversity on biomass production and substrate nitrogen in a subsurface vertical flow constructed wetland.Ecological Engineering,36:1307-1313.