市域尺度两种生态系统服务评价方法对比研究
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摘要
生态保护红线的划定对于规范人类活动、控制人类活动强度、维护生态安全和保护生态系统功能的可持续性具有重要意义,生态系统服务评价是其中重要的一环。由于我国地域面积广阔、地形地貌特征多样、区域自然状况复杂多变,因此环境保护部于2015年出台的《生态保护红线划定技术指南》中有两种生态系统服务评价的方法,即NPP定量指标法和模型评价法。本研究基于MODIS遥感影像,利用NPP定量指标法对鹤壁市生态系统服务进行评价,并与模型评价法进行比较,为选取更为适合该区域的评价方法,及较小尺度的生态保护红线的划定提供理论依据。结果表明在市域尺度上,NPP定量指标法和模型评价法的评价结果之间存在显著差异。模型评价法对鹤壁市生态系统服务(水土保持功能和生物多样性保护功能)的高评价区域与生态保护现状较好的区域更为一致(面积重叠比例分别为19%和85%),而NPP定量指标法的评价结果与保护现状并不一致。相对于NPP定量指标法,模型评价法更适合对该研究区域的生态系统服务进行评价。因此在以后的研究中,应结合研究区域的实际情况,选取适当的方法进行生态系统服务评价。本研究的对比分析可为市域尺度的生态系统服务评价及生态保护红线的划定提供参考。
The red line of ecological protection is significance in controlling the intensity of human activity and in maintaining ecological security and sustainability. China has already carried out a demarcation work of red line for ecological protection at national scale and is now nearing completion at provincial scale. Also the demarcation of red line for ecological protection at municipal scale is underway. However, in the process of delineating the red line for ecological protection, problems such as difficulty in classification, diversification of indicators, determination of scale and selection of evaluation methods have been encountered. The evaluation of ecosystem services is one important step in delineating red lines. Ecosystem service refers to any benefit that mankind can obtain from the ecosystem and it is the basis of human survival and modern civilization. Human neglect of ecosystem services and their importance has caused serious damage to critical natural ecosystems. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out an evaluation of ecosystem services. To standardize the evaluation of ecosystem services in China, the Technical Guidelines for the delineation of red lines for ecological protection issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment recommended the NPP quantitative index method and the model evaluation method to evaluate ecosystem services. As China has wide geographical extent with complex topographic features and natural conditions, it is important to evaluate the suitability of the two methods for application in demarcating red lines for ecological service evaluation. Based on MODIS remote sensing images, the evaluation of ecosystem services in Hebi City was carried out using the NPP quantitative index method and compared with the model evaluation method. The purpose of the paper was to select a more suitable evaluation method for the area and to provide theoretical basis for the demarcation of red line for ecological protection smaller-scale. In this study, we compared the results of the ecosystem service evaluation derived from the two different methods. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the NPP quantitative index method and the model evaluation method at prefectural city scale. In order to judge which method was more accurate, we compared the results of the two evaluation methods in terms of spatial distribution of the forest park. The model evaluation method was more consistent for high evaluation area of ecosystem services(soil and water conservation functions and biodiversity protection function) and the area with better ecological protection(area overlapping ratios of 19% and 85%, respectively) in Hebi City. The evaluation result of the NPP quantitative index method was not consistent with the protection status. The reason why the NPP quantitative index method was inaccurate was that the selected parameters and calculation formulas were not suitable for the study area. Therefore, the model evaluation method was more accurate for evaluating ecosystem services in the study area, compared with the NPP quantitative index method at prefectural city scale. Appropriate method should be selected according to actual local conditions in order to accurately evaluate ecosystem services in future studies. The comparative analysis in this study provided a reference point for evaluating ecosystem services and delineating red lines for ecological protection.
The red line of ecological protection is significance in controlling the intensity of human activity and in maintaining ecological security and sustainability. China has already carried out a demarcation work of red line for ecological protection at national scale and is now nearing completion at provincial scale. Also the demarcation of red line for ecological protection at municipal scale is underway. However, in the process of delineating the red line for ecological protection, problems such as difficulty in classification, diversification of indicators, determination of scale and selection of evaluation methods have been encountered. The evaluation of ecosystem services is one important step in delineating red lines. Ecosystem service refers to any benefit that mankind can obtain from the ecosystem and it is the basis of human survival and modern civilization. Human neglect of ecosystem services and their importance has caused serious damage to critical natural ecosystems. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out an evaluation of ecosystem services. To standardize the evaluation of ecosystem services in China, the Technical Guidelines for the delineation of red lines for ecological protection issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment recommended the NPP quantitative index method and the model evaluation method to evaluate ecosystem services. As China has wide geographical extent with complex topographic features and natural conditions, it is important to evaluate the suitability of the two methods for application in demarcating red lines for ecological service evaluation. Based on MODIS remote sensing images, the evaluation of ecosystem services in Hebi City was carried out using the NPP quantitative index method and compared with the model evaluation method. The purpose of the paper was to select a more suitable evaluation method for the area and to provide theoretical basis for the demarcation of red line for ecological protection smaller-scale. In this study, we compared the results of the ecosystem service evaluation derived from the two different methods. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the NPP quantitative index method and the model evaluation method at prefectural city scale. In order to judge which method was more accurate, we compared the results of the two evaluation methods in terms of spatial distribution of the forest park. The model evaluation method was more consistent for high evaluation area of ecosystem services(soil and water conservation functions and biodiversity protection function) and the area with better ecological protection(area overlapping ratios of 19% and 85%, respectively) in Hebi City. The evaluation result of the NPP quantitative index method was not consistent with the protection status. The reason why the NPP quantitative index method was inaccurate was that the selected parameters and calculation formulas were not suitable for the study area. Therefore, the model evaluation method was more accurate for evaluating ecosystem services in the study area, compared with the NPP quantitative index method at prefectural city scale. Appropriate method should be selected according to actual local conditions in order to accurately evaluate ecosystem services in future studies. The comparative analysis in this study provided a reference point for evaluating ecosystem services and delineating red lines for ecological protection.
引文
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[11]肖强,肖洋,欧阳志云,等.重庆市森林生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].生态学报,2014,34(1):216-223XIAO Q,XIAO Y,OUYANG Z Y,et al.Value assessment of the function of the forest ecosystem services in Chongqing[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(1):216-223
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[14]张宏锋,欧阳志云,郑华.生态系统服务功能的空间尺度特征[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(9):1432-1437ZHANG H F,OUYANG Z Y,ZHENG H.Spatial scale characteristics of ecosystem services[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2007,26(9):1432-1437
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[16]李晓赛,朱永明,赵丽,等.基于价值系数动态调整的青龙县生态系统服务价值变化研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(3):373–381LI X S,ZHU Y M,ZHAO L,et al.Ecosystem services value change in Qinglong County from dynamically adjusted value coefficients[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2015,23(3):373–381
[17]焦亮,赵成章.祁连山国家自然保护区山丹马场草地生态系统服务功能价值分析及评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(12):47-52JIAO L,ZHAO C Z.The analysis and evaluation on grassland ecosystem service function value of Shandan Horse Field in Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2013,27(12):47-52
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