2011—2017年上海市虹口区公共场所室内空气中甲醛和氨浓度水平分析
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摘要
目的了解上海市虹口区公共场所室内空气中甲醛和氨浓度水平状况及影响因素。方法 2011—2017年上海市虹口区内的旅店、文化娱乐场所、美容美发店、商场、医院候诊室、饭馆这六类共361家公共场所进行室内空气甲醛浓度的监测;对123家美容美发店进行室内空气氨浓度的监测。室内空气甲醛和氨的监测、检测、评价都按照国家卫生标准进行。结果共监测公共场所空气甲醛839件,氨188件,平均浓度分别为0.044 mg/m3和0.39 mg/m3。不同年份甲醛和氨的浓度和超标率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。不同季节公共场所室内空气中甲醛和氨的浓度和超标率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。温度与公共场所室内空气中甲醛的浓度有相关性(r=0.157,P<0.05)。不同类型公共场所室内空气中甲醛的浓度和超标率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论公共场所室内空气甲醛和氨在夏季浓度高于其他季节,美容美发店甲醛和氨的浓度高,应继续加强监管力度。
[Objective] To understand the concentrations of formaldehyde and ammonia,as well as the influencing factors in indoor air in public places in Hongkou district of Shanghai.[Methods]From 2011-2017, formaldehyde concentration in indoor air in 361 public places including hotels, cultural and entertainment venues, beauty salons, shopping malls, hospital waiting rooms and restaurants was monitored, and ammonia concentration in indoor air in 123 beauty salons was monitored. The monitoring, testing and evaluation of formaldehyde and ammonia were conducted in accordance with national health standards.[Results]A total of 839 formaldehyde samples and 188 ammonia samples in public places air were monitored, and the average concentration of formaldehyde and ammonia were 0.044 mg/m3 and 0.39 mg/m3. The differences of concentration and exceeding standard rate of formaldehyde and ammonia in different years and seasons were statistically significant(all P<0.05). The concentration of formaldehyde in indoor air in public places was related to the temperature(r=0.157, P<0.05). The differences of concentration and exceeding standard rate of formaldehyde in different types of public places were statistically significant(all P<0.05).[Conclusion]The concentration of formaldehyde and ammonia in indoor air in public places is higher in summer than in other seasons, and the concentration of formaldehyde and ammonia is high in beauty salons. We should continue to strengthen the supervision.
[Objective] To understand the concentrations of formaldehyde and ammonia,as well as the influencing factors in indoor air in public places in Hongkou district of Shanghai.[Methods]From 2011-2017, formaldehyde concentration in indoor air in 361 public places including hotels, cultural and entertainment venues, beauty salons, shopping malls, hospital waiting rooms and restaurants was monitored, and ammonia concentration in indoor air in 123 beauty salons was monitored. The monitoring, testing and evaluation of formaldehyde and ammonia were conducted in accordance with national health standards.[Results]A total of 839 formaldehyde samples and 188 ammonia samples in public places air were monitored, and the average concentration of formaldehyde and ammonia were 0.044 mg/m3 and 0.39 mg/m3. The differences of concentration and exceeding standard rate of formaldehyde and ammonia in different years and seasons were statistically significant(all P<0.05). The concentration of formaldehyde in indoor air in public places was related to the temperature(r=0.157, P<0.05). The differences of concentration and exceeding standard rate of formaldehyde in different types of public places were statistically significant(all P<0.05).[Conclusion]The concentration of formaldehyde and ammonia in indoor air in public places is higher in summer than in other seasons, and the concentration of formaldehyde and ammonia is high in beauty salons. We should continue to strengthen the supervision.
引文
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[15]国家技术监督局.公共场所卫生检验方法第2部分:化学污染物:GB/T 18204.2-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014:12-28.
[16]张明宝,艾丽艳.北京市朝阳区公共场所室内甲醛污染情况[J].职业与健康,2015,31(6):793-795.
[17]张国斌.太原市公共场所内氨的测定及分析[J].山西化工,2016,36(6):58-59.
[18]董勇,王家伦.成都市武侯区2008年公共场所室内空气甲醛浓度检测结果分析[J].现代预防医学,2009,36(14):2623-2625.
[19]李鹏,杨雪静.天津市和平区部分公共场所甲醛检测结果分析[J].职业与键康,2015,31(9):1271-1273.
[2]袁展红,余昆英,马秀英,等.中山市公共场所空气质量分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2009,19(6):1385-1386.
[3]李娜.甲醛的毒理学研究进展[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2009,27(6):309-3l1.
[4]李新茹.浅谈室内甲醛污染的危害与防治[J].焦作大学学报,2017,12(4):83-84.
[5]SPEIT G,SCHMID O. Local genotoxic effects of formaldehyde in humans measured by the micronucleus test with exfoliated epithelial cells[J].Mutat Res,2006,613(1):1-9.
[6]DANQI C,FANG L,SHENGLIN M,et al. Regulation of Chromatin Assembly and Cell Transformation by Formaldehyde Exposure in Human Cells[J]. Environ Health Perspect,2017,125(9):097019-1-097019-14.
[7]单文俊,刘天宇.浅议室内空气中氨对人群健康的危害[J].中国医药创新,2008,5(31):144.
[8]国家技术监督局.旅店业卫生标准:GB 9663-1996[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.
[9]国家技术监督局.文化娱乐场所卫生标准:GB 9664-1996[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.
[10]国家技术监督局.理发店、美容店卫生标准:GB 9666-1996[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.
[11]国家技术监督局.商场(店)、书店卫生标准:GB 9670-1996[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.
[12]国家技术监督局.医院候诊室卫生标准:GB 9671-1996[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.
[13]国家技术监督局.饭馆(餐厅)卫生标准:GB 16153-1996[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.
[14]国家技术监督局.公共场所卫生检验方法第6部分:卫生监测技术规范:GB/T 18204.6-2013[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014:2-3.
[15]国家技术监督局.公共场所卫生检验方法第2部分:化学污染物:GB/T 18204.2-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014:12-28.
[16]张明宝,艾丽艳.北京市朝阳区公共场所室内甲醛污染情况[J].职业与健康,2015,31(6):793-795.
[17]张国斌.太原市公共场所内氨的测定及分析[J].山西化工,2016,36(6):58-59.
[18]董勇,王家伦.成都市武侯区2008年公共场所室内空气甲醛浓度检测结果分析[J].现代预防医学,2009,36(14):2623-2625.
[19]李鹏,杨雪静.天津市和平区部分公共场所甲醛检测结果分析[J].职业与键康,2015,31(9):1271-1273.