两种间作体系对丛枝菌根真菌侵染及多氯联苯去除的影响
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摘要
多氯联苯(Polychlorinated biphenyls,PCBs)是一类典型的环境有机污染物,植物与微生物的联合修复能够显著提高PCBs的降解率.以丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)真菌摩西管柄囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae)M47V为供试菌种,温室盆栽条件下设置玉米/黑麦草间作、玉米/紫花苜蓿间作以及玉米单作等3个处理(均接种AM真菌),研究间作对玉米根系AM真菌侵染及土壤中PCBs去除的影响.种植90 d后测定玉米根系AM真菌侵染率、生物量、土壤PCBs含量及同系物组成、16S rDNA基因丰度,并采用末端限制性片段长度多态性(Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism,T-RFLP)技术分析细菌群落结构.结果显示,间作对玉米根系AM真菌侵染率、玉米生物量和土壤碱解氮含量均有显著促进作用,对土壤细菌丰度和群落结构产生显著影响,其中玉米/紫花苜蓿间作显著提高了土壤细菌数量(P<0.05);间作显著提高五氯联苯及总PCBs的降解率,此外玉米/黑麦草间作还显著提高三氯联苯的降解率;土壤PCBs同系物组分与细菌T-RFs片段中128 bp、148 bp片段均具有显著相关性.本研究表明,间作与AM真菌对提高玉米生物量具有协同作用,并通过影响细菌群落结构与丰度促进土壤中多氯联苯的转化与降解,同时改变其同系物结构组成,提高PCBs修复效率.
Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) are typical organic contaminants in the environment. It is indicated that plants and soil microorganisms have a positive synergistic effect on the remediation of PCB-contaminated soil. To investigate the effect of intercropping on arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungal colonization and PCB remediation, a pot-cultivation experiment with two intercropping treatments, corn(Zea mays L.)/ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.) and corn/alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.), and a corn monoculture was conducted in a greenhouse. All treatments were inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae M47 V. Plant biomass, root mycorrhizal colonization rate, concentration of PCBs and their homologs in soil, 16 S rDNA gene abundance, and community composition measured by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism(T-RFLP) were determined after harvesting the plants. Intercropping significantly increased the root mycorrhizal colonization rate and plant biomass of corn(P < 0.05), as well as the available N content of the soil. A significant difference of the bacterial community composition was found among different treatments(P < 0.05). Compared with corn monoculture, corn/alfalfa intercropping significantly increased soil bacteria abundance(P < 0.05). The dissipation rates of total PCBs, as well as that of penta-chloro biphenyls were significantly increased in the intercropping treatments, when compared to the corn monoculture treatment. Moreover, corn/ryegrass intercropping has a significantly positive effect on the dissipation of tri-chloro biphenyls. Non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS) analysis indicated that the PCBs homologues composition were significantly correlated with the relative abundance of 128 bp and 148 bp T-RFs. Corn intercropping with ryegrass or alfalfa has a positive effect on root mycorrhizal colonization rate and plant biomass of corn. Inoculation of AM fungi in intercropping treatments significantly improved the efficiency of PCB remediation by promoting bacterial abundance and shifting the bacterial community composition. In conclusion, intercropping combined with AM fungi have positive synergistic effects on the remediation of PCB-contaminated soils.
Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) are typical organic contaminants in the environment. It is indicated that plants and soil microorganisms have a positive synergistic effect on the remediation of PCB-contaminated soil. To investigate the effect of intercropping on arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungal colonization and PCB remediation, a pot-cultivation experiment with two intercropping treatments, corn(Zea mays L.)/ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.) and corn/alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.), and a corn monoculture was conducted in a greenhouse. All treatments were inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae M47 V. Plant biomass, root mycorrhizal colonization rate, concentration of PCBs and their homologs in soil, 16 S rDNA gene abundance, and community composition measured by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism(T-RFLP) were determined after harvesting the plants. Intercropping significantly increased the root mycorrhizal colonization rate and plant biomass of corn(P < 0.05), as well as the available N content of the soil. A significant difference of the bacterial community composition was found among different treatments(P < 0.05). Compared with corn monoculture, corn/alfalfa intercropping significantly increased soil bacteria abundance(P < 0.05). The dissipation rates of total PCBs, as well as that of penta-chloro biphenyls were significantly increased in the intercropping treatments, when compared to the corn monoculture treatment. Moreover, corn/ryegrass intercropping has a significantly positive effect on the dissipation of tri-chloro biphenyls. Non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS) analysis indicated that the PCBs homologues composition were significantly correlated with the relative abundance of 128 bp and 148 bp T-RFs. Corn intercropping with ryegrass or alfalfa has a positive effect on root mycorrhizal colonization rate and plant biomass of corn. Inoculation of AM fungi in intercropping treatments significantly improved the efficiency of PCB remediation by promoting bacterial abundance and shifting the bacterial community composition. In conclusion, intercropping combined with AM fungi have positive synergistic effects on the remediation of PCB-contaminated soils.
引文
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2 赵曦,黄艺,敖晓兰.持久性有机污染物(POPs)的生物降解与外生菌根真菌对POPs的降解作用[J].应用与环境生物学报,2007,13(1):140-144[Zhao X,Huang Y,Ao XL.Biodegradation of persistent organic pollutants(pops)and potential capability of ectomycorrhizal fungi[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2007,13(1):140-144]
3 Wang P,Shan H,Li H,Wang Y,Zhang H,Zhang Q,Liang Y,Jiang G.PBDEs,PCBs and PCDD/Fs in these diments from seven major river basins in China:occurrence,congenerprofile and spatial tendency[J].Chemosphere,2016,144:13-20
4 Smith FA,Smith SE.Structural diversity in(vesicular)–arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses[J].New Phytol,2010,137(3):373-388
5 Rajtor M,Piotrowska-Seget Z.Prospects for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)to assist in phytoremediation of soil hydrocarbon contaminants[J].Chemosphere,2016,162:105-116
6 Debiane D,Calonne M,Fontaine J,Fontaine J,Laruelle F,GrandmouginFerjani A,Lounes-Hadj Sahraoui A.Lipid content disturbance in the arbuscular mycorrhizal,glomus irregulare grown in monoxenic conditions under PAHs pollution[J].Fungal Biol,2011,115(8):782-792
7 卓胜,贺鸿志,黎华寿,秦之璇,温贤有,李拥军.植物间作体系根际修复土壤多氯联苯的效应[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(1):73-77[Zhuo S,He HZ,Li HS,Qin ZX,Wen XY,Li YJ.Effects of rhizo-remediation polychlorinated biphenyl contaminated soil under intercropping system[J].J Agro-Environ Sci,2010,29(1):73-77]
8 Vergani L,Mapelli F,Marasco RCrotti E,Fusi M,Guardo A-D,Armiraglio S,Daffonchio D,Borin S.Bacteria associated to plants naturally selected in a historical pcb polluted soil show potential to sustain natural attenuation[J].Front Microbiol,2017,8:1385
9 Andrade G,Mihara KL,Linderman RGBethlenfalvay G-J.Bacteria from rhizosphere and hyphosphere soils of different arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi[J].Plant Soil,1997,192(1):71-79
10 Ren CG,Kong CC,Bian BLiu W,Li Y,Luo Y-M,Xie Z-H.Enhanced phytoremediation of soils contaminated with PAHs by arbuscular mycorrhiza and rhizobium[J].Int J Phytorem,2017,19(9):789-797
11 Teng Y,Luo Y,Sun X.Inf luence of arbuscular mycorrhiza and Rhizobium on phytoremediation by alfalfa of an agricultural soil contaminated with weathered PCBs:a field study[J].Int J Phytorem,2010,12(5):516
12 杨亚宁,巴雷,白晓楠,张立朝,王德利.一种改进的丛枝菌根染色方法[J].生态学报,2010,30(3):774-779[Yang YN,Ba L,Bai XN,Zhang LC,Wang DL.An improved method to stain arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plant roots[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2010,30(3):774-779]
13 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999[Lu RK.Soil physicochemical factor analysis[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Scientech Press,1999]
14 Qin H,Brookes P C,Xu J.Cucurbita spp.and Cucumis sativus,enhance the dissipation of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners by stimulating soil microbial community development[J].Environ Pollut,2014,184(1):306
15 秦娟.植物之间互作效应及其生理机制[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(3):225-230[Qin J.Interaction effect and physiological mechanism in plants[J].Agric Res Arid Areas,2005,23(3):225-230]
16 李隆,李晓林.小麦大豆间作条件下作物养分吸收利用对间作优势的贡献[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(2):140-146[Li L,Li XL.Uptake and utilization of nitrogen,phpsphorus and potassium as related to yield advantage in wheat/soybean intercropping[J].J Plant Nutr Fert,2000,6(2):140-146]
17 李隆.间套作强化农田生态系统服务功能的研究进展与应用展望[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(4):403-415[Li L.Intercropping enhances agroecosystem services and functioning:current knowledge and perspectives[J].Chin J Eco-Agric,2016,24(4):403-415]
18 赵颖,刘利军,党晋华,张丽,向云,史晓凯.不同植物与玉米间作对玉米吸收多环芳烃和重金属的影响[J].环境工程,2014,32(7):138-141[Zhao Y,Liu LJ,Dang JH,Zhang L,Xiang Y,Shi XK.Effects of intercropping different crops with maize on its up take of the PAHs and heavy metal[J].Environ Eng,2014,32(7):138-141]
19 李凝玉,李志安,丁永祯,邹碧,庄萍.不同作物与玉米间作对玉米吸收积累镉的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(6):1369-1373[Li NY,LiZA,Ding YZ,Zou B,Zhuang P.Effect of intercorpping different crops with maize on the Cd uptake by maize[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,2008,19(6):1369-1373]
20 Liu AG,Dalpe Y.Reduction in soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by arbuscular mycorrhizal leek plants[J].Int J Phytorem,2009,11(1):39-52
21 袁丽环,闫桂琴.丛枝菌根化翅果油树幼苗根际土壤微环境[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(6):678-686[Yuan LH,Yan GQ.Rhizospheric soil of seedlings of Elaeagnus mollis colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi[J].Chin J Plant Ecol,2010,34(6):678-686]
22 Hernández-Ortega HA,Alarcón A,Ferrera-Cerrato R,Zavaleta-Mancera HA,López-Delgado HA,Mendoza-López MR.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth,nutrient status,and total antioxidant activity of Melilotus albus during phytoremediation of a diesel-contaminated substrate[J].J Environ Manage,2012,95(95 Suppl):S319-S324
23 Zhou X,Zhou J,Xiang X,Cébron A,Beguiristai T,Leyval C.Impact of four plant species and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal(AM)fungi on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(pah)dissipation in spiked soil[J].Pol J Environ Stud,2013,22(4):1239-1245
24 李淑敏,武帆.大豆/玉米间作体系中接种AM真菌和根瘤菌对氮素吸收的促进作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):110-116[Li SM,Wu F.Nitrogen uptake facilitation in soybean/maize intercropping system inoculated with rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi[J].J Plant Nutr Fert,2011,17(1):110-116]
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