“五位一体”的“大调解”机制:一种自治、法治、德治相结合的社会治理体系——以云南楚雄市“大调解”机制为例
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摘要
伴随着经济社会的转型,我国社会矛盾纠纷不断加剧、日趋复杂,如何构建一种自治、法治、德治相结合的社会治理体系,将社会矛盾尽可能化解在基层,已成全国性课题。2003年以来,全国不少地方都进行了构建"三位一体"或"四位一体"的"大调解"机制的尝试,然而,这些维稳逻辑下的"三位一体"或"四位一体"的大调解机制已经无法跟上迅速变化的这一时代的步伐。与此同时,地处西南的云南省楚雄市,也通过整合人民调解、行政调解、司法调解、行业协会调解、仲裁调解等资源,构建覆盖城乡、低成本的"五位一体"的"大调解"机制,成为创新社会治理的一种有价值的路径,但该机制的运行仍然存在诸多不足,就本质而言,这一机制虽然已经不再是单纯维稳逻辑下的产物,但必须进行再造,实现由维稳逻辑向社会治理逻辑的彻底转变,使其发展成为一种自治、法治、德治相结合的社会治理体系。
With the economic and social transition, China's social contradictions and disputes have been continuously aggravated and increasingly complex.How to build a social governance system that combines autonomy, rule of law, and rule of virtue to resolve social conflicts at the grassroots level as much as possible has become a national issue.Since 2003, attempts have been made in many parts of the country to build a "three-in-one" or "four-in-one" mechanism of"great mediation". However, these "three-in-one" or "four-in-one" mediators under the logic of stability have been unable to keep pace with this rapidly changing era. At the same time, Chuxiong City, in the southwestern province of Yunnan, has also built a "great mediation" mechanism covering urban and rural areas, low-cost, and "five in one", through the integration of resources such as people's mediation, administrative mediation, judicial mediation, industry association mediation, and arbitration mediation. The "Great Mediation Mechanism" has become a valuable path for the governance of innovative societies, but there are still many deficiencies in its operation.In essence, this mechanism is no longer a mere product of logic of maintenance stability. It must be reconstructed to achieve a complete transformation from the logic of maintenance stability to the logic of social governance, making it a social governance system that combines autonomy, rule by law, and rule by virtue.
With the economic and social transition, China's social contradictions and disputes have been continuously aggravated and increasingly complex.How to build a social governance system that combines autonomy, rule of law, and rule of virtue to resolve social conflicts at the grassroots level as much as possible has become a national issue.Since 2003, attempts have been made in many parts of the country to build a "three-in-one" or "four-in-one" mechanism of"great mediation". However, these "three-in-one" or "four-in-one" mediators under the logic of stability have been unable to keep pace with this rapidly changing era. At the same time, Chuxiong City, in the southwestern province of Yunnan, has also built a "great mediation" mechanism covering urban and rural areas, low-cost, and "five in one", through the integration of resources such as people's mediation, administrative mediation, judicial mediation, industry association mediation, and arbitration mediation. The "Great Mediation Mechanism" has become a valuable path for the governance of innovative societies, but there are still many deficiencies in its operation.In essence, this mechanism is no longer a mere product of logic of maintenance stability. It must be reconstructed to achieve a complete transformation from the logic of maintenance stability to the logic of social governance, making it a social governance system that combines autonomy, rule by law, and rule by virtue.
引文
[1]习近平.决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利——在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告》[EB/OL].http://politics.people.com.cn/n1/2017/1027/c1001-29613459.html,2017-10-27/2018-01-06.
[2]苏力.关于能动司法与大调解[J].中国法学,2010(1):5-9.
[3]苏力.法治及其本土资源[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1996.
[4]范愉等.多元化纠纷解决机制与和谐社会的构建[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2011.
[5]龙宗智.关于“大调解”和“能动司法”的思考[J].政法论坛,2010(4):98-105.
[6]毋爱斌.对我国人民调解各地模式的考察[J].法治论坛,2009(2):14-23.
[7]郭春雨.吉林高院院长张文显代表:构建“大调解”格局化解纠纷[J].法制咨讯,2011(3):38.
[8]许方钱.浅议大调解的泛化[J].福建警察学院学报,2011(4):54-60.
[9]李霞,张伟.“大调解”机制构建之反思[J].昆明理工大学学报(社会科学版),2012(5):41-46.
[10]周望.大调解、维稳与社会治理:功能解释及限度——南通大调解再认识[J].郑州大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2016(4):34-38.
[11]陈勇.西部地区社会稳定的法治路径与对策研究——以云南楚雄“大调解”机制为例[J].湖南警察学院学报,2017(1):57-68.
[12]陈勇.社会矛盾纠纷大调解工作机制建设研究——以云南省楚雄市大调解机制为例[J].楚雄师范学院学报,2013(7):86-91.
[13]李金河.彝族文化中的平等正义思想——一种基于黑格尔意识发展理论的分析[J].湖北民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版),2008(1):42-45.
[14]李永勤.浅谈民族地区构建和谐社会与法治建设的完善[EB/OL].http://www.dyzxw.org/html/article/201105/18/71129.shtml,2011-05-18/2018-01-06.
(1)有关数据显示,从2010年11月30日医调会成立至2015年6月15日,共受理医患纠纷214件,调解成功195件,涉及人员死亡的纠纷99件,协议涉及赔偿金额为1024.7万元,调解率为100%,调解成功率91.12%,履行率为100%。数据引自楚雄市司法局内部资料:《创新调解机制维护行业秩序化解矛盾纠纷促进社会稳定》(2015年)。
(1)如果统计截至2015年6月15日,则云南省楚雄市的“大调委”已受理各类纠纷达1786件,年均为399件,接近了法院同期立案数的2/3。数据引自楚雄市司法局内部资料:《创新调解机制维护行业秩序化解矛盾纠纷促进社会稳定》(2015年)。
[2]苏力.关于能动司法与大调解[J].中国法学,2010(1):5-9.
[3]苏力.法治及其本土资源[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1996.
[4]范愉等.多元化纠纷解决机制与和谐社会的构建[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2011.
[5]龙宗智.关于“大调解”和“能动司法”的思考[J].政法论坛,2010(4):98-105.
[6]毋爱斌.对我国人民调解各地模式的考察[J].法治论坛,2009(2):14-23.
[7]郭春雨.吉林高院院长张文显代表:构建“大调解”格局化解纠纷[J].法制咨讯,2011(3):38.
[8]许方钱.浅议大调解的泛化[J].福建警察学院学报,2011(4):54-60.
[9]李霞,张伟.“大调解”机制构建之反思[J].昆明理工大学学报(社会科学版),2012(5):41-46.
[10]周望.大调解、维稳与社会治理:功能解释及限度——南通大调解再认识[J].郑州大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2016(4):34-38.
[11]陈勇.西部地区社会稳定的法治路径与对策研究——以云南楚雄“大调解”机制为例[J].湖南警察学院学报,2017(1):57-68.
[12]陈勇.社会矛盾纠纷大调解工作机制建设研究——以云南省楚雄市大调解机制为例[J].楚雄师范学院学报,2013(7):86-91.
[13]李金河.彝族文化中的平等正义思想——一种基于黑格尔意识发展理论的分析[J].湖北民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版),2008(1):42-45.
[14]李永勤.浅谈民族地区构建和谐社会与法治建设的完善[EB/OL].http://www.dyzxw.org/html/article/201105/18/71129.shtml,2011-05-18/2018-01-06.
(1)有关数据显示,从2010年11月30日医调会成立至2015年6月15日,共受理医患纠纷214件,调解成功195件,涉及人员死亡的纠纷99件,协议涉及赔偿金额为1024.7万元,调解率为100%,调解成功率91.12%,履行率为100%。数据引自楚雄市司法局内部资料:《创新调解机制维护行业秩序化解矛盾纠纷促进社会稳定》(2015年)。
(1)如果统计截至2015年6月15日,则云南省楚雄市的“大调委”已受理各类纠纷达1786件,年均为399件,接近了法院同期立案数的2/3。数据引自楚雄市司法局内部资料:《创新调解机制维护行业秩序化解矛盾纠纷促进社会稳定》(2015年)。