大跨度斜拉桥纵向塔梁阻尼器阻尼性能识别
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摘要
为科学地监测和预测实际运营中大型阻尼器的性能演化,将斜拉桥主梁在自然环境中的纵向振动等效为单自由度体系随机激励下响应问题,推导出白噪声激励下响应功率谱.通过在桥上和阻尼器上安装低频加速度传感器,在3 a时间内3次对实桥纵向振动的重复试验,并采用离散小波变换方法提取主梁纵向低频振动成分,按最小二乘法原理与白噪声激励下的响应功率谱公式拟合,近似得出纵向振动的系统阻尼比参数.试验结果表明:斜拉桥体系简化后,能够准确识别纵向振动的系统阻尼比;相比传统滤波方法,离散小波对信号分解重构后能够更加准确地保留低频成分;系统阻尼比衰减表明苏通大桥的塔梁阻尼器性能在缓慢退化.定期运用该方法对大型的塔梁阻尼器进行现场试验,能够在不中断交通的情况下更好地指导阻尼器的养护管理,保障大跨度斜拉桥的正常运营.
To scientifically monitor and predict the performance of large-scale tower-beam dampers during operation, the longitudinal vibration of the cable-stayed bridge main beam in natural environment was made equivalent to the problem of the single degree of freedom(SDOF) system under random vibration in this study, and the power spectrum under white noises was deduced. Several acceleration gauges were mounted on the bridge and dampers and field tests were performed three times in three years repetitively. Discrete wavelet transform(DWT) was applied to extract the low frequency vibration data of the main beam. With the measured acceleration power spectrum curve fitted to the formula in SDOF system by the least square method, the damping ratio of the tower-beam damper was obtained approximately. Results showed that after the simplification of the cable-stayed bridge, the system damping ratio of longitudinal vibration of the main beam can be precisely identified. Compared with traditional low-pass filters, the DWT method performs better in conserving the low frequency component. The attenuation of the system damping ratio indicates that the tower-beam damper installed at Sutong Bridge degenerates in a slow process. The field monitor of the tower-beam damper should be carried out regularly, which is beneficial for maintenance guidance and the management of dampers without interrupting traffic, which guarantees the normal operation of long-span cable-stayed bridges.
To scientifically monitor and predict the performance of large-scale tower-beam dampers during operation, the longitudinal vibration of the cable-stayed bridge main beam in natural environment was made equivalent to the problem of the single degree of freedom(SDOF) system under random vibration in this study, and the power spectrum under white noises was deduced. Several acceleration gauges were mounted on the bridge and dampers and field tests were performed three times in three years repetitively. Discrete wavelet transform(DWT) was applied to extract the low frequency vibration data of the main beam. With the measured acceleration power spectrum curve fitted to the formula in SDOF system by the least square method, the damping ratio of the tower-beam damper was obtained approximately. Results showed that after the simplification of the cable-stayed bridge, the system damping ratio of longitudinal vibration of the main beam can be precisely identified. Compared with traditional low-pass filters, the DWT method performs better in conserving the low frequency component. The attenuation of the system damping ratio indicates that the tower-beam damper installed at Sutong Bridge degenerates in a slow process. The field monitor of the tower-beam damper should be carried out regularly, which is beneficial for maintenance guidance and the management of dampers without interrupting traffic, which guarantees the normal operation of long-span cable-stayed bridges.
引文
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[9] 焦驰宇,李建中,彭天波. 塔梁连接方式对大跨斜拉桥地震反应的影响[J]. 振动与冲击, 2009, 28(10): 179 JIAO Chiyu, LI Jianzhong, PENG Tianbo. Effects of different connecting styles between towers and deck on seismic responses of a long-span cable-stayed bridge[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2009, 28(10): 179
[10]SONEJI B B, JANGID R S. Passive hybrid systems for earthquake protection of cable-stayed bridge[J]. Engineering Structures, 2007, 29(1): 57
[11]TERENZI G. Dynamics of SDOF systems with nonlinear viscous damping[J]. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 1999, 125(8): 956
[12]李国豪. 桥梁结构稳定与振动[M]. 北京: 中国铁道出版社, 2002: 123 LI Guohao. Stability and vibration of bridge structure[M]. Beijing: China Railway Publishing House, 2002: 123
[13]FUGAL D L. Conceptual wavelets in digital signal processing: An in-depth, practical approach for the non-mathematician[M]. 1st ed. San Diego, California: Space & Signals Technical Publishing, 2009: 87
[14]MALLAT S G. A wavelet tour of signal processing: the sparse way[M]. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press, 2009: 12
[15]HONG Hao. Analytical modeling of traffic-induced ground vibrations[J]. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 1998, 124(8): 921
[16]HUNT H. Modeling of road vehicles for calculation of traffic-induced ground vibration as a random process[J]. Journal of Sound & Vibration, 1991, 144(1): 41
[17]RIOUL O, VETTERLI M. Wavelets and signal processing[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2002, 8(4): 14
[18]张德丰. MATLAB小波分析[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2009: 76 ZHANG Defeng. MATLAB wavelet analysis[M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2009: 76
[19]刘剑锋,张启伟,章关永. 苏通大桥运营阶段动力特性参数变异性研究[C]//第十届全国振动理论及应用学术会议. 南京:南京航空航天大学,2011: 45 LIU Jianfeng, ZHANG Qiwei, ZHANG Guanyong. Variability in dynamic properties of the Sutong cable-stayed bridge under routine traffic conditions[C].Proceedings of the 10th National Conference on Vibration Theory and Application. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011: 45
[2] PARK K S, JUNG H J, LEE I W. Hybrid control strategy for seismic protection of a benchmark cable-stayed bridge[J]. Engineering Structures, 2003, 25(4): 405
[3] AGRAWAL A K, YANG J N, HE W L. Applications of some semi active control systems to benchmark cable-stayed bridge[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2003, 129(7): 884
[4] 张喜刚,裴岷山,袁洪,等. 苏通大桥主桥结构体系研究[J]. 中国工程科学, 2009, 11(3): 20 ZHANG Xigang, PEI Minshan, YUAN Hong, et al. Study on structural system of Sutong Bridge[J]. Engineering Sciences, 2009, 11(3): 20
[5] 马良喆,陈永祁. 对液体粘滞阻尼器动力性能及测试要求的研究及探讨[J]. 建筑结构, 2008, 38(5): 65 MA Liangzhe, CHEN Yongqi. Research and investigation on dynamic performance and testing requirements of liquid viscous dampers[J]. Building Structure, 2008, 38(5): 65
[6] Taylor粘滞阻尼器性能试验报告[R]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学力学与结构实验中心,2005 Taylorviscous damper performance test report[R] Harbin: Mechanical and Structural Experiment Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2005
[7] 韩万水,黄平明,兰燕.斜拉桥纵向设置粘滞阻尼器参数分析[J]. 地震工程与工程振动, 2005,25(6): 146 HAN Wanshui, HUANG Pingming, LAN Yan. Parametric analysis of cable-stayed bridge with longitudinal viscous dampers[J]. Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 2005,25(6): 146
[8] 聂利英,郭其远,李建中. 设置纵向大型液体粘滞阻尼器的大跨斜拉桥主梁纵向运动阻尼水平研究[J]. 工程力学, 2015, 32(9): 141 NIE Liying, GUO Qiyuan, LI Jianzhong. Longitudinal damping level of girder motion of long-span cable stayed bridge with large longitudinal fluid viscous dampers[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2015, 32(9): 141. DOI: 10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2014.02.0119
[9] 焦驰宇,李建中,彭天波. 塔梁连接方式对大跨斜拉桥地震反应的影响[J]. 振动与冲击, 2009, 28(10): 179 JIAO Chiyu, LI Jianzhong, PENG Tianbo. Effects of different connecting styles between towers and deck on seismic responses of a long-span cable-stayed bridge[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2009, 28(10): 179
[10]SONEJI B B, JANGID R S. Passive hybrid systems for earthquake protection of cable-stayed bridge[J]. Engineering Structures, 2007, 29(1): 57
[11]TERENZI G. Dynamics of SDOF systems with nonlinear viscous damping[J]. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 1999, 125(8): 956
[12]李国豪. 桥梁结构稳定与振动[M]. 北京: 中国铁道出版社, 2002: 123 LI Guohao. Stability and vibration of bridge structure[M]. Beijing: China Railway Publishing House, 2002: 123
[13]FUGAL D L. Conceptual wavelets in digital signal processing: An in-depth, practical approach for the non-mathematician[M]. 1st ed. San Diego, California: Space & Signals Technical Publishing, 2009: 87
[14]MALLAT S G. A wavelet tour of signal processing: the sparse way[M]. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press, 2009: 12
[15]HONG Hao. Analytical modeling of traffic-induced ground vibrations[J]. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 1998, 124(8): 921
[16]HUNT H. Modeling of road vehicles for calculation of traffic-induced ground vibration as a random process[J]. Journal of Sound & Vibration, 1991, 144(1): 41
[17]RIOUL O, VETTERLI M. Wavelets and signal processing[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2002, 8(4): 14
[18]张德丰. MATLAB小波分析[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2009: 76 ZHANG Defeng. MATLAB wavelet analysis[M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2009: 76
[19]刘剑锋,张启伟,章关永. 苏通大桥运营阶段动力特性参数变异性研究[C]//第十届全国振动理论及应用学术会议. 南京:南京航空航天大学,2011: 45 LIU Jianfeng, ZHANG Qiwei, ZHANG Guanyong. Variability in dynamic properties of the Sutong cable-stayed bridge under routine traffic conditions[C].Proceedings of the 10th National Conference on Vibration Theory and Application. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011: 45