重载机车钩缓装置建模及承压行为
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摘要
为研究重载机车钩缓装置承压行为,建立了重载机车圆柱销、长扁销车钩模型,并在两种车钩模型中分别考虑了钩肩控制模块与钩尾摩擦弧面模型;结合具有非线性迟滞特性的弹性胶泥缓冲器模型,完成了重载机车钩缓装置模型.以4节机车及1节简化货车组成的列车模型为例,研究了重载机车直线运行时钩缓装置的承压行为对轮轴横向力、轮轨磨耗的影响.研究结果表明:建立的交互性钩肩控制模块及钩尾摩擦面分别可以较好地模拟圆柱销、长扁销车钩的实际承压行为;具有两种稳钩功能的车钩均能将车钩偏转角限制在4.0°以内,可以减小车钩力的横向分力,提高机车运行安全性.
To study the compressive behavior of the coupler and draft gear system for heavy-haul locomotives,a typical cylindrical-pin coupler with coupler shoulder alignment control module and a long-flat pin coupler with tail friction surface were built,and a mathematical model for the coupler and draft gear system of heavy-haul locomotives were presented based on the resilient rubber draft gear model with nonlinear hysteresis characteristic. Using a train model composed of 4 locomotives and 1 simplified freight wagon,the compressive behaviors of the coupler and draft gear system and its effect on the wheelset lateral force and wheel / rail wear were investigated when the heavy-haul train was running on the straight track. The results show that,the compressive behaviors of the cylindrical-pin coupler and the long-flat pin coupler can be simulated accurately using the interactive coupler shoulder alignment control module and tail friction surface module. With the two stabilized functions,the coupler can constrain its rotation angle within 4. 0°,thus decreasing the lateral component of coupler force and improving the running safety of the locomotive.
To study the compressive behavior of the coupler and draft gear system for heavy-haul locomotives,a typical cylindrical-pin coupler with coupler shoulder alignment control module and a long-flat pin coupler with tail friction surface were built,and a mathematical model for the coupler and draft gear system of heavy-haul locomotives were presented based on the resilient rubber draft gear model with nonlinear hysteresis characteristic. Using a train model composed of 4 locomotives and 1 simplified freight wagon,the compressive behaviors of the coupler and draft gear system and its effect on the wheelset lateral force and wheel / rail wear were investigated when the heavy-haul train was running on the straight track. The results show that,the compressive behaviors of the cylindrical-pin coupler and the long-flat pin coupler can be simulated accurately using the interactive coupler shoulder alignment control module and tail friction surface module. With the two stabilized functions,the coupler can constrain its rotation angle within 4. 0°,thus decreasing the lateral component of coupler force and improving the running safety of the locomotive.
引文
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[13]COLE C.Improvements to wagon connection modeling for longitudinal train simulation[C]∥Conference on Railway Engineering.Rock Hampton:[s.n.],1998:187-194.
[14]BELFORTE P,CHELI F,DIANA G,et al.Numerical and experimental approach for the evaluation of severe longitudinal dynamics of heavy haul fright trains[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,2008,46(S1):937-955.
[15]CHELI F,MELZI S.Experimental characterization and modeling of a side buffer for freight trains[J].Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,2010,224(6):535-546.
[16]沈刚,周劲松,任利惠.列车动力学模型的研究[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2004,32(11):1495-1498.SHEN Gang,ZHOU Jingsong,REN Lihui.Study on modelling method for train dynamics[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2004,32(11):1495-1498.
[17]罗世辉,封全保,杨俊杰.承受纵向压力时HXD2型重载机车动力学问题研究[J].铁道机车车辆,2008,28(增刊):145-149.LUO Shihui,FENG Quanbao,YANG Junjie.Research on dynamics of the HXD2 heavy-load locomotive bearing longitudinal compressive strength[J].Railway Locomotive&Car,2008,28(S):145-149.
[18]马卫华,宋荣荣,揭长安,等.缓冲器阻抗特性对重载列车动力学性能的影响[J].交通运输工程学报,2011,11(2):59-64.MA Weihua,SONG Rongrong,JIE Changan,et al.Influences of buffer impedance characteristics on dynamics performances for heavy haul train[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2011,11(2):59-64.
[2]COLE C,MCCLANACHAN M,SPIRYAGIN M,et al.Wagon instability in long trains[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,2012,50(1):303-317.
[3]杨俊杰,刘建新,罗世辉,等.重载组合列车机车车钩稳定控制实验[J].西南交通大学学报,2009,44(6):882-886.YANG Junjie,LIU Jianxin,LUO Shihui,et al.Test study on stability control of locomotive coupler in heavy hual combined train[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2009,44(6):882-886.
[4]MA Weihua,LUO Shihui,SONG Rongrong.Coupler dynamic performance analysis of heavy haul locomotives[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,2012,50(3):1-19.
[5]中国北车集团大同电力机车有限责任公司.HXD2车钩系统分析及改进工作汇报[R].大同:中国北车集团大同电力机车有限责任公司,2008.
[6]Transportation Safety Board of Canada.Railway investigation report R02C0050[R].Ottawa:TSB Canada,2002.
[7]CHERKASHIN U M,ZAKHAROV S M,SEMECHKIN A E.An overview of rolling stock and track monitoring systems and guidelines to provide safety of heavy and long train operation in the Russian railways[J].Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,2009,223(S1):199-208.
[8]CRUBER P,MOHAMED M B.Suboptimal control strategies for multi-locomotive powered trains[J].Transactions on Automatic Control,1982,AC-27(3):536-546.
[9]GEIKE T.Understanding high coupler forces at metro vehicles[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,2007,45(4):389-396.
[10]ANSARI M,ESMAIZADEH E,YOUNESIAN D.longitudinal dynamics of freight train[J].International Journal of Heavy Vehicle Systems,2009,16(1/2):102-131.
[11]SUN X,CHEN Q.A fast algorithm of longitudinal train dynamics[C]∥The Forth International Heavy Haul Railway Conference.Brisbane:[s.n.],1989:584-586.
[12]MOHAMMAD D,BASSBAK S.Nonlinear analysis of train derailment in severe braking[J].Transactions of the ASME,2003,125:48-53.
[13]COLE C.Improvements to wagon connection modeling for longitudinal train simulation[C]∥Conference on Railway Engineering.Rock Hampton:[s.n.],1998:187-194.
[14]BELFORTE P,CHELI F,DIANA G,et al.Numerical and experimental approach for the evaluation of severe longitudinal dynamics of heavy haul fright trains[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,2008,46(S1):937-955.
[15]CHELI F,MELZI S.Experimental characterization and modeling of a side buffer for freight trains[J].Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,2010,224(6):535-546.
[16]沈刚,周劲松,任利惠.列车动力学模型的研究[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2004,32(11):1495-1498.SHEN Gang,ZHOU Jingsong,REN Lihui.Study on modelling method for train dynamics[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2004,32(11):1495-1498.
[17]罗世辉,封全保,杨俊杰.承受纵向压力时HXD2型重载机车动力学问题研究[J].铁道机车车辆,2008,28(增刊):145-149.LUO Shihui,FENG Quanbao,YANG Junjie.Research on dynamics of the HXD2 heavy-load locomotive bearing longitudinal compressive strength[J].Railway Locomotive&Car,2008,28(S):145-149.
[18]马卫华,宋荣荣,揭长安,等.缓冲器阻抗特性对重载列车动力学性能的影响[J].交通运输工程学报,2011,11(2):59-64.MA Weihua,SONG Rongrong,JIE Changan,et al.Influences of buffer impedance characteristics on dynamics performances for heavy haul train[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2011,11(2):59-64.