北美鹅掌楸人工林生长规律及早期选择可行性探究
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摘要
[目的]北美鹅掌楸为优良的珍贵用材树种,研究其生长发育规律及生长性状早晚期相关对于北美鹅掌楸人工林高效培育有重要的指导意义。[方法]本文利用树干解析的方法对江苏句容24年生的北美鹅掌楸人工林生长规律研究,并在此基础上进行胸径、树高和材积性状的年年相关分析以及早期选择效率评价。[结果]研究结果表明:北美鹅掌楸胸径、树高从6 a进入快速生长期,持续到17 a,而材积则在1 10 a增长缓慢,12 a后进入速生期,生长速率在20 a达到最大,22 a后逐渐降低,林分接近数量成熟。生长性状的年年相关及早期选择效率分析结果表明:胸径、树高在6 a与18 a显著相关,材积在6 a与16 a达到显著相关,且此时选择效率最高;若以24 a为伐期年龄早晚相关分析,胸径、材积在16 a与24 a生长量达到显著相关水平,而树高则为14 a。[结论]北美鹅掌楸胸径、树高早期增速较快,进入中壮龄阶段竞争加剧,个体间分化增大。随着林分年龄的增长,研究获得的早期选择年龄也相应地延迟。从加速育种角度,在6 a进行早期选择较为合理,而在培育大径材北美鹅掌楸方面可以16 a之后再进行疏伐选择。
[Objective]To study the growth pattern of Liriodendron tulipifera. [Method]A 24-year-old L. tulipifera plantation in Jurong of Jiangsu Province was used to study its growth pattern by means of stem analysis,and the ageage correlation of growth traits such as diameter at breast height( DBH),tree height and volume were explored.[Result]The results of stem analysis showed that,for DBH and tree height growth,the rapid growth period of L.tulipifera lasted for 12 years( the 6 th to 17 th year after planting),while the early growth of timber volume of L. tulipifera was slow in the period of the first year to the tenth year. After 12 year,the volume increased quickly,and reached the peak value at 20 th year. The results of age-age correlation and early selection efficiency analysis showed that,for the DBH and tree height,the growth in the 6 th year were significantly correlated with the growth in the18 th year,while for the volume,the growth in the 6 th year were significantly correlated with growth in the 18 th year. Setting 24 th year as the age of final cutting,the optimum age for early selection in L. tulipifera was the 16 th-18 th year. [Conclusion] The DBH and tree height grow rapidly at early age. The competition and differentiation among individuals increase significantly during half-mature stage. With the increment of stand age,the age of early selection should be postponed. In consequence of this result,the authors propose that early selection should be conducted at the 6 th year to accelerate the process of tree breeding. While for the cultivation of large-diameter wood,thinning should be conducted after the 16 th year.
[Objective]To study the growth pattern of Liriodendron tulipifera. [Method]A 24-year-old L. tulipifera plantation in Jurong of Jiangsu Province was used to study its growth pattern by means of stem analysis,and the ageage correlation of growth traits such as diameter at breast height( DBH),tree height and volume were explored.[Result]The results of stem analysis showed that,for DBH and tree height growth,the rapid growth period of L.tulipifera lasted for 12 years( the 6 th to 17 th year after planting),while the early growth of timber volume of L. tulipifera was slow in the period of the first year to the tenth year. After 12 year,the volume increased quickly,and reached the peak value at 20 th year. The results of age-age correlation and early selection efficiency analysis showed that,for the DBH and tree height,the growth in the 6 th year were significantly correlated with the growth in the18 th year,while for the volume,the growth in the 6 th year were significantly correlated with growth in the 18 th year. Setting 24 th year as the age of final cutting,the optimum age for early selection in L. tulipifera was the 16 th-18 th year. [Conclusion] The DBH and tree height grow rapidly at early age. The competition and differentiation among individuals increase significantly during half-mature stage. With the increment of stand age,the age of early selection should be postponed. In consequence of this result,the authors propose that early selection should be conducted at the 6 th year to accelerate the process of tree breeding. While for the cultivation of large-diameter wood,thinning should be conducted after the 16 th year.
引文
[1]王明庥.林木遗传育种学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2001:165-166.
[2]王章荣,陈天华,周志春,等.福建华安马尾松生长早晚期相关及早期选择[J].南京林业大学学报,1987(3):41-47.
[3]叶培忠,陈岳武,阮益初,等.杉木早期选择的研究[J].南京林业大学学报,1981(1):106-116.
[4]吴淑芳,张留伟,蔡伟健,等.杂交鹅掌楸材性、纤维特性及制浆性能研究[J].纤维素科学与技术,2011(4):28-33.
[5]季孔庶,王章荣,温小荣.杂交鹅掌楸生长表现及其木材胶合板性能[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2005(1):71-74.
[6]黄仙爱.杂交鹅掌楸木材加工利用研究[D].南京林业大学,2006.
[7]张晓飞.鹅掌楸不同交配组合子代幼龄期生长性状的遗传分析[D].南京林业大学,2008.
[8]李火根,施季森.杂交鹅掌楸良种选育与种苗繁育[J].林业科技开发,2009(3):1-5.
[9]冯源恒,李火根,杨建,等.两种鹅掌楸繁殖成效的比较[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2010,18(1):9-14.
[10]孟宪宇.测树学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006.04.
[11]陈伯望,沈熙环.油松生长性状早期选择的研究[J].林业科学,1992,28(5):450-455.
[12]卢国美,李国锋.油松生长力早期选择的研究[J].河南林业科技,1994(2):12-14.
[13]赵西平,周洋,郭平平.幼龄雪松干形的变异性[J].福建林业科技,2013,40(1):43-45.
[14]钟德军,李淑阁,杨景辉,等.落叶松树干干形的研究[J].河北林果研究,2004,19(2):126-129.
[15]Wright J W.Introduction to forest genetics.[M].Department of Forestry Michigan State University,1976:163.
[16]Isik K,Kleinschmit J,Steiner W.Age-Age Correlations and Early Selection for Height in a Clonal Genetic Test of Norway Spruce[J].Forest Science,2010,56(2):212-221.
[17]Kumar D,Singh N B.Age-age correlation for early selection of clones of Populus in India[J].Silvae Genetica,2001,50(3-4):103-107.
[18]李斌,顾万春,鹅掌楸主要木材性状早期选择可行性研究[J].林业科学,2002,38(6):43-48.
[19]Montes C S,Hernández R E,Beaulieu J,et al.Genetic variation in wood color and its correlations with tree growth and wood density of Calycophyllum spruceanum at an early age in the Peruvian Amazon[J].New Forests,2008,35(1):57-73.
[20]Hannrup B,Ekberg I.Age-age correlations for tracheid length and wood density in Pinus sylvestris[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1998,28(9):1373-1379.
[21]Sotelo M C,Beaulieu J,Hernandez R E.Genetic variation in wood shrinkage and its correlations with tree growth and wood density of Calycophyllum spruceanum at an early age in the Peruvian Amazon[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2007,37(5):966-976.
[22]赵承开.杉木优良无性系早期选择年龄和增益[J].林业科学,2002,38(4):53-60.
[23]Ryu Keun-Ok,Han Mu-Seok,et al.Age-age Correlation on Volume Growth of Yellow Poplar(Liriodendron tulipifera L.)[J].Journal of Agriculture&Life Science.2014,48(3):13-23.
[2]王章荣,陈天华,周志春,等.福建华安马尾松生长早晚期相关及早期选择[J].南京林业大学学报,1987(3):41-47.
[3]叶培忠,陈岳武,阮益初,等.杉木早期选择的研究[J].南京林业大学学报,1981(1):106-116.
[4]吴淑芳,张留伟,蔡伟健,等.杂交鹅掌楸材性、纤维特性及制浆性能研究[J].纤维素科学与技术,2011(4):28-33.
[5]季孔庶,王章荣,温小荣.杂交鹅掌楸生长表现及其木材胶合板性能[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2005(1):71-74.
[6]黄仙爱.杂交鹅掌楸木材加工利用研究[D].南京林业大学,2006.
[7]张晓飞.鹅掌楸不同交配组合子代幼龄期生长性状的遗传分析[D].南京林业大学,2008.
[8]李火根,施季森.杂交鹅掌楸良种选育与种苗繁育[J].林业科技开发,2009(3):1-5.
[9]冯源恒,李火根,杨建,等.两种鹅掌楸繁殖成效的比较[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2010,18(1):9-14.
[10]孟宪宇.测树学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006.04.
[11]陈伯望,沈熙环.油松生长性状早期选择的研究[J].林业科学,1992,28(5):450-455.
[12]卢国美,李国锋.油松生长力早期选择的研究[J].河南林业科技,1994(2):12-14.
[13]赵西平,周洋,郭平平.幼龄雪松干形的变异性[J].福建林业科技,2013,40(1):43-45.
[14]钟德军,李淑阁,杨景辉,等.落叶松树干干形的研究[J].河北林果研究,2004,19(2):126-129.
[15]Wright J W.Introduction to forest genetics.[M].Department of Forestry Michigan State University,1976:163.
[16]Isik K,Kleinschmit J,Steiner W.Age-Age Correlations and Early Selection for Height in a Clonal Genetic Test of Norway Spruce[J].Forest Science,2010,56(2):212-221.
[17]Kumar D,Singh N B.Age-age correlation for early selection of clones of Populus in India[J].Silvae Genetica,2001,50(3-4):103-107.
[18]李斌,顾万春,鹅掌楸主要木材性状早期选择可行性研究[J].林业科学,2002,38(6):43-48.
[19]Montes C S,Hernández R E,Beaulieu J,et al.Genetic variation in wood color and its correlations with tree growth and wood density of Calycophyllum spruceanum at an early age in the Peruvian Amazon[J].New Forests,2008,35(1):57-73.
[20]Hannrup B,Ekberg I.Age-age correlations for tracheid length and wood density in Pinus sylvestris[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1998,28(9):1373-1379.
[21]Sotelo M C,Beaulieu J,Hernandez R E.Genetic variation in wood shrinkage and its correlations with tree growth and wood density of Calycophyllum spruceanum at an early age in the Peruvian Amazon[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2007,37(5):966-976.
[22]赵承开.杉木优良无性系早期选择年龄和增益[J].林业科学,2002,38(4):53-60.
[23]Ryu Keun-Ok,Han Mu-Seok,et al.Age-age Correlation on Volume Growth of Yellow Poplar(Liriodendron tulipifera L.)[J].Journal of Agriculture&Life Science.2014,48(3):13-23.