微生物肥料对呼伦贝尔打孔羊草草甸草原土壤微生物及酶活性的影响研究
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摘要
以呼伦贝尔退化羊草(Leymus chinensis)草甸草原割草场为研究对象,研究在打孔羊草草甸草原施加不同微生物肥料处理下土壤养分、微生物量碳氮和酶活性的变化及影响土壤微生物量碳氮和酶活性的关键土壤因子,旨在为退化羊草草甸草原生态系统的改良、恢复及合理利用提供科学依据。结果表明,(1)水分正常年份,土壤中全碳和全氮含量最高值均出现在腐殖酸+微生物菌剂(F+J)处理,分别比对照(CK)提高1.84%~18.53%、1.24%~31.67%,其他不同处理土壤养分无显著差异。(2)土壤生物活性与土壤水热状况密切相关,在雨水正常的2014年,土壤微生物量碳、氮含量最高值分别出现在F+J和海藻酸+微生物菌剂(H+J)处理,分别比CK提高36.52%和28.56%;在降水较少、气候干燥的2015年,土壤微生物量碳、氮含量最高值分别出现在海藻酸(H)和糖蜜发酵(T),分别比CK提高9.86%和15.02%;(3)打孔+施微肥短期效应能够影响土壤蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶,2014年土壤蔗糖酶表现为H+J和F+J显著高于其他处理,较CK分别提高了10.68%和10.12%,2015年不同打孔与施微生物肥料处理比CK提高4.72%~9.84%,且腐殖酸(F)、H、T以及F+J处理显著高于CK;2015年土壤过氧化氢酶表现为F和F+J显著高于CK,提高了2.50%。(4)土壤全碳,速效钾、速效氮,电导率分别为土壤蔗糖酶,脲酶,过氧化氢酶的关键影响因子,土壤全磷、速效磷为土壤微生物量的关键影响因子。综合分析表明,施入复合微生物肥料与微生物菌剂有助于提高呼伦贝尔打孔羊草草甸草原土壤微生物量碳氮含量和土壤酶活性,有利于改善草原土壤生物化学肥力状况。
In order to provide scientific basis for improvement,restoration and reasonable use of degraded Leymus chinensis meadow steppe ecosystem,the effect of different microbial fertilizer addition levels on the soil nutrients,soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities of on hulunbuir perforated L.chinensis meadow steppe mowing pasture was studied and the key soil factor that its affecting soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and soil enzyme activity was analyzed.The results show that:(1) soil total carbon and total nitrogen was highest in humic acid + high microbial agents(F+J) treatment in a normal or sufficient year for rain,and soil total carbon and total nitrogen respectively increased 1.84%~18.53% and 1.24%~31.67%,there was no significant differences among all other the treatments;(2) Soil biological activity is closely related to soil hydrothermal condition,the microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents were highest in F+J treatment and H+J treatment in the rain normal years,and respectively increased 57.52% and 19.01% than those of CK,while the microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents were not significant affected under different treatments in dry year;(3) Soil invertase of H+J and F+J treatment were significantly higher than other treatment in 2014,increased by 10.68% and 10.12% respectively than CK,whereas in dry year of 2015,soil invertase was significantly higher in F,H,T and F+J treatments than CK(increased ranged from 4.72% to 9.84%),soil catalase in F and F+J treatments were significantly higher than CK,increased by 2.50%;And(4) the key factor of influence soil invertase enzyme,utease enzyme,catalase enzyme respectively was soil totle C,soil aviliable K,soil aviliable N and conductivity;The key factor of influence soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen respectively was soil totle P,soil aviliable P.These results implied that compound microbial fertilizer and microbial agents together could be useful to increase the soil enzyme activity,microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents of hulunbuir L.chinensis meadow steppe,and to improve the grassland soil fertility status of biological chemistry.
In order to provide scientific basis for improvement,restoration and reasonable use of degraded Leymus chinensis meadow steppe ecosystem,the effect of different microbial fertilizer addition levels on the soil nutrients,soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities of on hulunbuir perforated L.chinensis meadow steppe mowing pasture was studied and the key soil factor that its affecting soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and soil enzyme activity was analyzed.The results show that:(1) soil total carbon and total nitrogen was highest in humic acid + high microbial agents(F+J) treatment in a normal or sufficient year for rain,and soil total carbon and total nitrogen respectively increased 1.84%~18.53% and 1.24%~31.67%,there was no significant differences among all other the treatments;(2) Soil biological activity is closely related to soil hydrothermal condition,the microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents were highest in F+J treatment and H+J treatment in the rain normal years,and respectively increased 57.52% and 19.01% than those of CK,while the microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents were not significant affected under different treatments in dry year;(3) Soil invertase of H+J and F+J treatment were significantly higher than other treatment in 2014,increased by 10.68% and 10.12% respectively than CK,whereas in dry year of 2015,soil invertase was significantly higher in F,H,T and F+J treatments than CK(increased ranged from 4.72% to 9.84%),soil catalase in F and F+J treatments were significantly higher than CK,increased by 2.50%;And(4) the key factor of influence soil invertase enzyme,utease enzyme,catalase enzyme respectively was soil totle C,soil aviliable K,soil aviliable N and conductivity;The key factor of influence soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen respectively was soil totle P,soil aviliable P.These results implied that compound microbial fertilizer and microbial agents together could be useful to increase the soil enzyme activity,microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents of hulunbuir L.chinensis meadow steppe,and to improve the grassland soil fertility status of biological chemistry.
引文
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曹恩珲,侯宪文,李光义,等.2011.复合菌剂对盆栽番茄土壤理化性质及微生物活性的影响[J].生态环境学报,20(5):875-880.
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程东娟,刘树庆,王殿武,等.2003.长期定位培肥对土壤酶活性及土壤养分动态变化影响[J].河北农业大学学报,26(3):33-36.
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李北齐,邵红涛,梦瑶,等.2011.生物有机肥对盐碱土壤养分、玉米根际微生物数量及产量影响[J].安徽农学通报,17(23):99-102.
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权国玲,谢开云,仝宗永,等.2016.复合微生物肥料对羊草草原土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响[J].草业学报,25(2):27-36.
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宋海燕,李传荣,许景伟,等.2007.滨海盐碱地枣园土壤酶活性与土壤养分、微生物的关系[J].林业科学,43(S1):28-32.
孙瑞莲,赵秉强,朱鲁生,等.2003.长期定位施肥对土壤酶活性的影响及其调控土壤肥力的作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,9(4):406-410.
王杰,李刚,修伟明,等.2014.贝加尔针茅草原土壤微生物功能多样性对氮素和水分添加的响应[J].草业学报,23(4):343-350.
王龙昌,玉井理,永田雅辉,等.1998.水分和盐分对土壤微生物活性的影响[J].北方水稻,(3):40-42.
王明君,赵萌莉,崔国文,等.2010.放牧对草甸草原植被和土壤的影响[J].草地学报,1(6):2-4.
王涛,辛世杰,乔卫花,等.2011.几种微生物菌肥对连作黄瓜生长及土壤理化性状的影响[J].中国蔬菜,(18):52-57.
王延军,宗良纲,李锐,等.2010.不同肥料对水稻生长和土壤微生物量的影响[J].浙江农业学报,22(6):834-838.
乌仁其其格,闫瑞瑞,辛晓平,等.2011.切根改良对退化草地羊草群落的影响[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),32(4):55-58.
武霞,杨晓松,沈景林,等.2007.不同改良措施对盐碱化草地改良效果研究[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,37(1):9-11.
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GUSEWELL S.2004.N∶P ratios in terrestrial plants:variation and functional significance:Tansley review[J].New Phytologist,164(2):243-266.
JUN L W,ALI S H,ZHANG Q.2007.Property rights and grassland degradation:a study of the Xilingol pasture,Inner Mongolia,China[J].Journal of Environmental Management,85(2):461-470.
ROEM W J,BERENDSE F.2000.Soil acidity and nutrient supply ratio as possible factors determining changes in plant species diversity in grassland and heathland communities[J].Biological Conservation,92(2):151-161.
ROSACKER L L,KIEFT T L.1990.Biomass and adenylate energy chargr of a grassland soil during drying[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,22(8):1121-1127.
VOURLITIS G L,ZORBA G,PASQUINI S C,et al.2007.Chronic nitrogen deposition enhances nitrogen mineralization potential of semiarid shrubland soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,123(1):836-842.
ZEGLIN L H,STURSOVA M,SINSABAUGH R L,et al.2007.Microbial responses to nitrogen addition in three contrasting grassland ecosystems[J].Oecologia,154(2):349-359.
曹恩珲,侯宪文,李光义,等.2011.复合菌剂对盆栽番茄土壤理化性质及微生物活性的影响[J].生态环境学报,20(5):875-880.
岑忠用,罗兴录,苏江,等.2006.生物有机肥对木薯地土壤理化性状的影响[J].西南农业学报,19(6):1092-1095.
陈浩.2012.放牧对青藏高原草地植被群落特征及土壤理化特性的影响[D].咸阳:西北农林科技大学.
陈娟丽,师尚礼,祁娟.2016.复合菌肥与化肥配施对高寒地区土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响[J].草原与草坪,36(1):7-13.
程东娟,刘树庆,王殿武,等.2003.长期定位培肥对土壤酶活性及土壤养分动态变化影响[J].河北农业大学学报,26(3):33-36.
仇志华,徐振桐,冷如新.1999.施用阿姆斯生物肥土壤养分的变化研究[J].中国农学通报,(4):59-60.
葛诚.2000.微生物肥料生产应用基础[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社.
古伟容.2013.不同放牧强度下季节性休牧对草地植被及土壤的影响[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学.
关松荫.1986.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社:296-339.
考恩.瑞金特吉斯.1995.未来农业[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社:5-6.
李北齐,邵红涛,梦瑶,等.2011.生物有机肥对盐碱土壤养分、玉米根际微生物数量及产量影响[J].安徽农学通报,17(23):99-102.
李志强,韩建国.2000.打孔和施肥处理对草地早熟禾草坪质量的影响[J].草业科学,17(6):71-76.
刘戈.2007.微生物肥料的发展现状与前景展望[J].安徽农业科学,35(11):3318,3332.
刘劲松.2003.关于草坪打孔机与对草坪生长的影响[J].内蒙古林业调查设计,26(2):56-56.
刘鹏,刘训理.2013.中国微生物肥料的研究现状及前景展望[J].农学学报,3(3):26-31.
刘晓波,杨春华,徐耀华,等.2013.打孔对草坪枯草层及坪床土壤微生物活性和有机质含量的影响[J].草地学报,21(1):174-179.
鲁如坤.1999.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社:1-247.
吕静.1999.微生物肥料在我国烟草生产中的应用与创新[J].中国烟草科学,(3):48-50
逄焕成,李玉义,严慧峻,等.2009.微生物菌剂对盐碱土理化和生物性状影响的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,28(5):951-955.
彭正萍,门明新,薛世川,等.2005.腐植酸复合肥对土壤养分转化和土壤酶活性的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,28(4):1-4.
权国玲,谢开云,仝宗永,等.2016.复合微生物肥料对羊草草原土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响[J].草业学报,25(2):27-36.
宋桂龙,韩烈保.2003.养护管理对足球场草坪运动质量影响的研究进展[J].草业科学,20(9):67-70.
宋海燕,李传荣,许景伟,等.2007.滨海盐碱地枣园土壤酶活性与土壤养分、微生物的关系[J].林业科学,43(S1):28-32.
孙瑞莲,赵秉强,朱鲁生,等.2003.长期定位施肥对土壤酶活性的影响及其调控土壤肥力的作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,9(4):406-410.
王杰,李刚,修伟明,等.2014.贝加尔针茅草原土壤微生物功能多样性对氮素和水分添加的响应[J].草业学报,23(4):343-350.
王龙昌,玉井理,永田雅辉,等.1998.水分和盐分对土壤微生物活性的影响[J].北方水稻,(3):40-42.
王明君,赵萌莉,崔国文,等.2010.放牧对草甸草原植被和土壤的影响[J].草地学报,1(6):2-4.
王涛,辛世杰,乔卫花,等.2011.几种微生物菌肥对连作黄瓜生长及土壤理化性状的影响[J].中国蔬菜,(18):52-57.
王延军,宗良纲,李锐,等.2010.不同肥料对水稻生长和土壤微生物量的影响[J].浙江农业学报,22(6):834-838.
乌仁其其格,闫瑞瑞,辛晓平,等.2011.切根改良对退化草地羊草群落的影响[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),32(4):55-58.
武霞,杨晓松,沈景林,等.2007.不同改良措施对盐碱化草地改良效果研究[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,37(1):9-11.
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