金属多级类蜂窝的压溃行为研究
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摘要
通过实验和数值模拟方法系统研究了单胞壁开孔金属多级类蜂窝与双胞壁开孔金属多级类蜂窝的压溃行为.重点分析了试件尺寸、开孔位置、孔偏距和孔梯度等因素对多级类蜂窝力学性能的影响.结果表明,多级类蜂窝的压溃过程可分为3个阶段:弹性变形、屈曲变形以及密实;单胞壁开孔多级类蜂窝的压溃过程趋向于渐近内凹压溃,而双胞壁开孔多级类蜂窝趋向于轴向压溃;试件尺寸对多级类蜂窝的力学行为有明显的影响,当胞元数达到一定数目时,其力学性能几乎与蜂窝胞元数无关.单胞壁开孔多级类蜂窝的峰值应力大于双胞壁开孔多级类蜂窝的峰值应力,但其平均压溃应力小于双胞壁开孔多级类蜂窝的平均压溃应力;与传统蜂窝相比,蜂窝胞壁开孔设计降低了蜂窝材料的比吸能;孔偏距的存在导致单胞壁开孔多级类蜂窝的峰值应力降低,但随着孔偏距的增加其平均压溃应力呈先减低后增加趋势;多梯度孔设计对多级类蜂窝材料的力学性能有重要影响,与均匀孔多级类蜂窝相比,正梯度孔分布设计降低了多级类蜂窝峰值应力,但提高了其平均压溃应力;多梯度孔分布设计对多级类蜂窝的峰值应力和平均压溃应力影响不大.
Crushing behavior of metal honeycomb-like hierarchical structures of perforations on single walls(HHSPSW)and double walls(HHSPDW) was systematically investigated by using experiment and numerical simulation methods.Effects of specimen size, perforation location, perforation offsets and perforation gradient on the mechanical properties of honeycomb-like hierarchical structures were analyzed. The results show that the crushing process of honeycomb-like hierarchical structures can be divided into three deformation stages: elastic deformation, buckling deformation and densification. The deformation mode of honeycomb-like hierarchical structures of perforations on single walls is a progressive concave mode, while honeycomb-like hierarchical structures of perforations on double walls deform by axial crushing mode. Specimen sizes have significant influences on mechanical behavior of honeycomb-like hierarchical structures.Mechanical properties are almost independent of honeycomb numbers attaining a certain number. The peak stress of the honeycomb-like hierarchical structures of perforations on single walls is greater than that of honeycomb-like hierarchical structures of perforations on double walls, while its mean crushing stress is less than that of honeycomb-like hierarchical structures of perforations on double walls. Comparing to the traditional honeycombs, the design of perforations on honeycomb walls reduces the specific energy absorption of the honeycombs. Perforation offsets result in decreasing the peak stress of the honeycomb-like hierarchical structures of perforations on single walls, while the mean crushing stress firstly decreases and then increases with increasing the perforation offset. Honeycomb-like hierarchical structures with positive gradient perforations reduce the peak stresses while improve the mean crushing stress comparing to honeycomb-like hierarchical structures with the uniform perforations. The design of muti-gradient perforation distributions on honeycomb walls has small influence on the peak stress and the mean crushing stress.
Crushing behavior of metal honeycomb-like hierarchical structures of perforations on single walls(HHSPSW)and double walls(HHSPDW) was systematically investigated by using experiment and numerical simulation methods.Effects of specimen size, perforation location, perforation offsets and perforation gradient on the mechanical properties of honeycomb-like hierarchical structures were analyzed. The results show that the crushing process of honeycomb-like hierarchical structures can be divided into three deformation stages: elastic deformation, buckling deformation and densification. The deformation mode of honeycomb-like hierarchical structures of perforations on single walls is a progressive concave mode, while honeycomb-like hierarchical structures of perforations on double walls deform by axial crushing mode. Specimen sizes have significant influences on mechanical behavior of honeycomb-like hierarchical structures.Mechanical properties are almost independent of honeycomb numbers attaining a certain number. The peak stress of the honeycomb-like hierarchical structures of perforations on single walls is greater than that of honeycomb-like hierarchical structures of perforations on double walls, while its mean crushing stress is less than that of honeycomb-like hierarchical structures of perforations on double walls. Comparing to the traditional honeycombs, the design of perforations on honeycomb walls reduces the specific energy absorption of the honeycombs. Perforation offsets result in decreasing the peak stress of the honeycomb-like hierarchical structures of perforations on single walls, while the mean crushing stress firstly decreases and then increases with increasing the perforation offset. Honeycomb-like hierarchical structures with positive gradient perforations reduce the peak stresses while improve the mean crushing stress comparing to honeycomb-like hierarchical structures with the uniform perforations. The design of muti-gradient perforation distributions on honeycomb walls has small influence on the peak stress and the mean crushing stress.
引文
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2 Yamashita M,Gotoh M.Impact behavior of honeycomb structures with various cell specifications-numerical simulation and experiment.International Journal of Impact Engineering,2005,32(1-4):618-630
3 Gibson LJ,Ashby MF.Cellular Solids:Structure and Properties.Cambridge University Press,1991
4 Hu LL,Yu TX.Dynamic crushing strength of hexagonal honeycombs.International Journal of Impact Engineering,2010,37(5):467-474
5 Xu SQ,Beynon JH,Dong R,et al.Experimental study of the out-ofplane dynamic compression of hexagonal honeycombs.Composite Structures,2012,94(8):2326-2336
6 Zhou Z,Zhou J,Fan H.Plastic analyses of thin-walled steel honeycombs with re-entrant deformation style.Materials Science&Engineering A,2017,688:123-133
7 Zhou H,Xu P,Xie S,et al.Mechanical performance and energy absorption properties of structures combining two Nomex honeycombs.Composite Structures,2018,185:524-536
8 Feng H,Liu LQ,Zhao Q.Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of entrapped air on the mechanical response of Nomex honeycomb under flatwise compression.Composite Structures,2017,182:617-627
9 Wadley H,Dharmasena K,Queheillalt D,et al.Dynamic compression of square honeycomb structures during underwater impulsive loading.Journal of Mechanics of Materials&Structures,2007,2(10):2025-2048
10 Zhang X,Zhang H,Wen ZZ.Experimental and numerical studies on the crush resistance of aluminum honeycombs with various cell configurations.International Journal of Impact Engineering,2014,66:48-59
11 D’Mello RJ,Guntupalli S,Hansen LR,et al.Dynamic axial crush response of circular cell honeycombs.Proceedings of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical&Engineering Sciences,2012,468(2146):2981-3005
12 Hu LL,Hu XL,Wu GP,et al.Dynamic crushing of the circularcelled honeycombs under out-of-plane impact.International Journal of Impact Engineering,2015,75:150-161
13王博,张雄,徐胜利.2D周期蜂窝结构面内静动态压缩力学行为研究.力学学报,2009,41(2):274-281(Wang Bo,Zhang Xiong,Xu Shengli.Mechanical behavior of 2D periodic honeycombs under in plane uniaxial compression.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2009,41(2):274-281(in Chinese))
14 Haghpanah B,Oftadeh R,Papadopoulos J,et al.Self-similar hierarchical honeycombs.Proceedings of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical&Engineering Sciences,2013,469(2156):1-19
15 Fang JG,Sun GY,Qiu N,et al.On hierarchical honeycombs under out-of-plane crushing.International Journal of Solids and Structures,2018,135:1-13
16 Wierzbicki T.Crushing analysis of metal honeycombs.International Journal of Impact Engineering,1983,1(2):157-174
17刘强,黄争鸣.金属蜂窝材料的弹塑性屈曲临界应力值.力学季刊,2008,29(4):515-520(Liu Qiang,Huang Zhengming.Elastoplastic buckling critical stress of metal honeycomb.Chinese Quarterly of Mechanics,2008,29(4):515-520(in Chinese))
18罗昌杰,周安亮,刘荣强等.金属蜂窝异面压缩下平均压缩应力的理论模型.机械工程学报,2010,46(18):52-59(Luo Changjie,Zhou Anliang,Liu Rongqiang,et al.Average compressive stress constitutive equation of honeycomb metal under out-of-plane.Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(18):52-59(in Chinese))
19张卫红,段文东,许英杰等.六边形蜂窝等效面外剪切模量预测及其尺寸效应.力学学报,2013,45(2):288-292(Zhang Weihong,Duan Wendong,Xu Yingjie,et al.Predictions of effective out-plane shear modulus and size effect of hexagonal honeycomb.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2013,45(2):288-292(in Chinese))
20 Wu E,Jiang WS.Axial crush of metallic honeycombs.International Journal of Impact Engineering,1997,19(5-6):436-456
21 Xu SQ,Dong R,Beynon JH.Finite element analysis of the dynamic of the aluminum honeycomb.International Journal of Computational Methods,2014,11(supp01):1344001
22 Wang ZG,Tian HQ,Lu ZJ,et al.High-speed axial impact of aluminum honeycomb-Experiments and simulations.Composites Part B Engineering,2014,56(1):1-8
23 Sun DQ,Zhang WH,Wei YB.Mean out-of-plane dynamic plateau stresses of hexagonal honeycomb cores under impact loadings.Composite Structures,2010,92(11):2609-21
24 Tao Y,Chen MJ,Chen HS,et al.Strain rate effect on the out-ofplane dynamic compressive behavior of metallic honeycombs:Experiment and theory.Composite Structures,2015,132:644-651
25 Tao Y,Chen MJ,Chen HS,et al.Strain rate effect on mechanical behavior of metallic honeycombs under out-of-plane dynamic compression.Journal of Applied Mechanics,2015,82(2):1-6
26 Liu H,Yu QN,Zhang ZC,et al.Analytical solutions for heat transfer efficiency in metallic honeycombs using two-equation method.International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,2016,75:147-153
27陈尚军,秦庆华,张威等.低速冲击下金属蜂窝夹芯板抗侵彻性能的试验研究.航空学报,2018,39(2):157-163(Chen Shangjun,Qin Qinghua,Zhang Wei,et al.Experiment investigation on against penetration of metallic honeycomb sandwich plates under lowvelocity impact.Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2018,39(2):157-163(in Chinese))
28张志远,迟润强,庞宝君等.蜂窝夹芯板与Whipple结构对撞击能量吸收与耗散的特性比较.应用力学学报,2016,33(5):754-759(Zhang Zhiyuan,Chi Rundong,Pang Baojun,et al.Characteristic comparison of energy absorbing and dissipating of honeycomb panel and Whipple structure in hypervelocity impact.Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics,2016,33(5):754-759(in Chinese))
29 Landi CL,Wilsons SL,Perforated honeycomb.US Patent:5180619,1993-01-19
30 Landi CL,Wilsons SL.Perforated core honeycomb panel system.US Patent:5840 400,1998-11-24
31 Wang ZJ,Qin QH,Chen SJ,et al.Compressive crushing of novel aluminum hexagonal honeycombs with perforations:experimental and numerical investigations.International Journal of Solids and Structures,2017,126-127:187-195
32 Wang ZJ,Qin QH,Wang FF,et al.Quasi-static crush behavior of aluminum hexagonal honeycomb with perforated cell walls.Key Engineering Materials,2013,535-536:422-425
33 Tan PJ,Harrigan JJ,Reid SR.Inertia effects in uniaxial dynamic compression of a closed cell aluminium alloy foam.Metal Science Journal,2013,18(5):480-488
2 Yamashita M,Gotoh M.Impact behavior of honeycomb structures with various cell specifications-numerical simulation and experiment.International Journal of Impact Engineering,2005,32(1-4):618-630
3 Gibson LJ,Ashby MF.Cellular Solids:Structure and Properties.Cambridge University Press,1991
4 Hu LL,Yu TX.Dynamic crushing strength of hexagonal honeycombs.International Journal of Impact Engineering,2010,37(5):467-474
5 Xu SQ,Beynon JH,Dong R,et al.Experimental study of the out-ofplane dynamic compression of hexagonal honeycombs.Composite Structures,2012,94(8):2326-2336
6 Zhou Z,Zhou J,Fan H.Plastic analyses of thin-walled steel honeycombs with re-entrant deformation style.Materials Science&Engineering A,2017,688:123-133
7 Zhou H,Xu P,Xie S,et al.Mechanical performance and energy absorption properties of structures combining two Nomex honeycombs.Composite Structures,2018,185:524-536
8 Feng H,Liu LQ,Zhao Q.Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of entrapped air on the mechanical response of Nomex honeycomb under flatwise compression.Composite Structures,2017,182:617-627
9 Wadley H,Dharmasena K,Queheillalt D,et al.Dynamic compression of square honeycomb structures during underwater impulsive loading.Journal of Mechanics of Materials&Structures,2007,2(10):2025-2048
10 Zhang X,Zhang H,Wen ZZ.Experimental and numerical studies on the crush resistance of aluminum honeycombs with various cell configurations.International Journal of Impact Engineering,2014,66:48-59
11 D’Mello RJ,Guntupalli S,Hansen LR,et al.Dynamic axial crush response of circular cell honeycombs.Proceedings of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical&Engineering Sciences,2012,468(2146):2981-3005
12 Hu LL,Hu XL,Wu GP,et al.Dynamic crushing of the circularcelled honeycombs under out-of-plane impact.International Journal of Impact Engineering,2015,75:150-161
13王博,张雄,徐胜利.2D周期蜂窝结构面内静动态压缩力学行为研究.力学学报,2009,41(2):274-281(Wang Bo,Zhang Xiong,Xu Shengli.Mechanical behavior of 2D periodic honeycombs under in plane uniaxial compression.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2009,41(2):274-281(in Chinese))
14 Haghpanah B,Oftadeh R,Papadopoulos J,et al.Self-similar hierarchical honeycombs.Proceedings of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical&Engineering Sciences,2013,469(2156):1-19
15 Fang JG,Sun GY,Qiu N,et al.On hierarchical honeycombs under out-of-plane crushing.International Journal of Solids and Structures,2018,135:1-13
16 Wierzbicki T.Crushing analysis of metal honeycombs.International Journal of Impact Engineering,1983,1(2):157-174
17刘强,黄争鸣.金属蜂窝材料的弹塑性屈曲临界应力值.力学季刊,2008,29(4):515-520(Liu Qiang,Huang Zhengming.Elastoplastic buckling critical stress of metal honeycomb.Chinese Quarterly of Mechanics,2008,29(4):515-520(in Chinese))
18罗昌杰,周安亮,刘荣强等.金属蜂窝异面压缩下平均压缩应力的理论模型.机械工程学报,2010,46(18):52-59(Luo Changjie,Zhou Anliang,Liu Rongqiang,et al.Average compressive stress constitutive equation of honeycomb metal under out-of-plane.Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(18):52-59(in Chinese))
19张卫红,段文东,许英杰等.六边形蜂窝等效面外剪切模量预测及其尺寸效应.力学学报,2013,45(2):288-292(Zhang Weihong,Duan Wendong,Xu Yingjie,et al.Predictions of effective out-plane shear modulus and size effect of hexagonal honeycomb.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2013,45(2):288-292(in Chinese))
20 Wu E,Jiang WS.Axial crush of metallic honeycombs.International Journal of Impact Engineering,1997,19(5-6):436-456
21 Xu SQ,Dong R,Beynon JH.Finite element analysis of the dynamic of the aluminum honeycomb.International Journal of Computational Methods,2014,11(supp01):1344001
22 Wang ZG,Tian HQ,Lu ZJ,et al.High-speed axial impact of aluminum honeycomb-Experiments and simulations.Composites Part B Engineering,2014,56(1):1-8
23 Sun DQ,Zhang WH,Wei YB.Mean out-of-plane dynamic plateau stresses of hexagonal honeycomb cores under impact loadings.Composite Structures,2010,92(11):2609-21
24 Tao Y,Chen MJ,Chen HS,et al.Strain rate effect on the out-ofplane dynamic compressive behavior of metallic honeycombs:Experiment and theory.Composite Structures,2015,132:644-651
25 Tao Y,Chen MJ,Chen HS,et al.Strain rate effect on mechanical behavior of metallic honeycombs under out-of-plane dynamic compression.Journal of Applied Mechanics,2015,82(2):1-6
26 Liu H,Yu QN,Zhang ZC,et al.Analytical solutions for heat transfer efficiency in metallic honeycombs using two-equation method.International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,2016,75:147-153
27陈尚军,秦庆华,张威等.低速冲击下金属蜂窝夹芯板抗侵彻性能的试验研究.航空学报,2018,39(2):157-163(Chen Shangjun,Qin Qinghua,Zhang Wei,et al.Experiment investigation on against penetration of metallic honeycomb sandwich plates under lowvelocity impact.Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2018,39(2):157-163(in Chinese))
28张志远,迟润强,庞宝君等.蜂窝夹芯板与Whipple结构对撞击能量吸收与耗散的特性比较.应用力学学报,2016,33(5):754-759(Zhang Zhiyuan,Chi Rundong,Pang Baojun,et al.Characteristic comparison of energy absorbing and dissipating of honeycomb panel and Whipple structure in hypervelocity impact.Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics,2016,33(5):754-759(in Chinese))
29 Landi CL,Wilsons SL,Perforated honeycomb.US Patent:5180619,1993-01-19
30 Landi CL,Wilsons SL.Perforated core honeycomb panel system.US Patent:5840 400,1998-11-24
31 Wang ZJ,Qin QH,Chen SJ,et al.Compressive crushing of novel aluminum hexagonal honeycombs with perforations:experimental and numerical investigations.International Journal of Solids and Structures,2017,126-127:187-195
32 Wang ZJ,Qin QH,Wang FF,et al.Quasi-static crush behavior of aluminum hexagonal honeycomb with perforated cell walls.Key Engineering Materials,2013,535-536:422-425
33 Tan PJ,Harrigan JJ,Reid SR.Inertia effects in uniaxial dynamic compression of a closed cell aluminium alloy foam.Metal Science Journal,2013,18(5):480-488