不要低估血管平滑肌细胞在动脉粥样硬化斑块形成中的作用
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摘要
血管内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞(SMC)和巨噬细胞共同参与动脉粥样硬化(As)斑块形成。近年研究表明,SMC来源的细胞占As斑块中细胞总数的70%以上。As斑块中的SMC通过自分泌细胞因子促进自身的增殖、迁移和炎症反应,通过旁分泌激活单核/巨噬细胞并将其募集到As损伤部位,同时通过其细胞膜表面表达的脂蛋白受体摄取脂质形成泡沫细胞。SMC在As斑块形成中扮演十分重要的角色,应进一步深化对SMC在As发生发展中的作用及作用机制的研究。
Vascular endothelial cells,macrophages,and smooth muscle cells( SMC) participate in atherogenesis.Recent studies show that as many as 70% of all cells in atherosclerotic lesions are smooth muscle cells-derived. Inflammatory cytokines and immune modulators secreted by smooth muscle cells in the atherosclerotic plaque promote smooth muscle cell proliferation,migration and inflammatory response,and activate and recruit macrophages to the atherosclerotic lesions in a autocrine or paracrine manner. Moreover,smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic lesions express receptors for lipid and can take up modified lipoproteins,leading to a massive accumulation of cholesterol esters and the formation of foam cells in the atherosclerotic plaque. Thus,smooth muscle cells play a key role in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque,the role and mechanism of action of smooth muscle cells in the atherosclerotic plaque pathogenesis need to be further studied.
Vascular endothelial cells,macrophages,and smooth muscle cells( SMC) participate in atherogenesis.Recent studies show that as many as 70% of all cells in atherosclerotic lesions are smooth muscle cells-derived. Inflammatory cytokines and immune modulators secreted by smooth muscle cells in the atherosclerotic plaque promote smooth muscle cell proliferation,migration and inflammatory response,and activate and recruit macrophages to the atherosclerotic lesions in a autocrine or paracrine manner. Moreover,smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic lesions express receptors for lipid and can take up modified lipoproteins,leading to a massive accumulation of cholesterol esters and the formation of foam cells in the atherosclerotic plaque. Thus,smooth muscle cells play a key role in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque,the role and mechanism of action of smooth muscle cells in the atherosclerotic plaque pathogenesis need to be further studied.
引文
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[31]Oram JF,Heinecke JW.ATP-binding cassette transporter A1:a cell cholesterol exporter that protects against cardiovascular disease[J].Physiol Rev,2005,85:1343-1372.
[32]欧翔,陈凌燕,周志姣,等.血管生成素1通过LXRα途径调节THP-1源性泡沫细胞ABCA1、ABCG1表达及胆固醇流出[J].中国动脉硬化杂志,2017,25(11):1081-1087.
[33]Choi HY,Rahmani M,Wong BW,et al.ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 expression and apolipoprotein A-I binding are impaired in intima-type arterial smooth muscle cells[J].Circulation,2009,119:3223-3231.
[34]Deng L,Blanco FJ,Stevens H,et al.MicroRNA-143 activation regulates smooth muscle and endothelial cell crosstalk in pulmonary arterial hypertension[J].Circ Res,2015,117(10):870-883.
[35]Climent M,Quintavalle M,Miragoli M,et al.TGFβtriggers miR-143/145 transfer from smooth muscle cells to endothelial cells,thereby modulating vessel stabilization[J].Circ Res,2015,116(11):1753-1764.
[36]Zheng B,Yin WN,Suzuki T,et al.Exosome-mediated miR-155transfer from smooth muscle cells to endothelial cells induces endothelial injury and promotes atherosclerosis[J].Mol Ther,2017,25(6):1279-1294.
[2]Doran AC,Meller N,Mc Namara CA.Role of smooth muscle cells in the initiation and early progression of atherosclerosis[J].Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol,2008,28:812-819.
[3]Bennett MR,Sinha S,Owens GK.Vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis[J].Circ Res,2016,118(4):692-702.
[4]Gabunia K,Herman AB,Ray M,et al.Induction of MiR133a expression by IL-19 targets LDLRAP1 and reduces ox LDL uptake in VSMC[J].J Mol Cell Cardiol,2017,105:38-48.
[5]Owens GK,Kumar MS,Wamhoff BR.Molecular regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation in development and disease[J].Physiol Rev,2004,84:767-801.
[6]Pipes GCT,Creemers EE,Olson EN.The myocardin family of transcriptional coactivators:versatile regulators of cell growth,migration,and myogenesis[J].Gene Dev,2006,20:1 545-556.
[7]Park IH,Zhao R,West JA,et al.Reprogramming of human somatic cells to pluripotency with defined factors[J].Nature,2008,451:141-146.
[8]Suzuki T,Aizawa K,Matsumura T,et al.Vascular implications of the Krüppel-like family of transcription factors[J].Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol,2005,25:1135-1141.
[9]He M,Zheng B,Zhang Y,et al.KLF4 mediates the link between TGF-β1-induced gene transcription and H3 acetylation in vascular smooth muscle cells[J].FASEB J,2015,29(9):4059-4070.
[10]Alajbegovic A,Holmberg J,Albinsson S.Molecular regulation of arterial aneurysms:Role of actin dynamics and microRNAs in vascular smooth muscle[J].Front Physiol,2017,8:569.
[11]Weiser-Evans MCM.Smooth muscle differentiation control comes full circle:The circular noncoding RNA,circ Acta2,functions as a miRNA sponge to fine-tuneα-SMA expression[J].Circ Res,2017,121(6):591-593.
[12]Sun SG,Zheng B,Han M,et al.miR-146a and Krüppel-like factor 4 form a feedback loop to participate in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation[J].EMBO Rep,2011,12(1):56-62.
[13]Sun Y,Yang Z,Zheng B,et al.A novel regulatory mechanism of smooth muscleα-actin expression by NRG-1/circ ACTA2/miR-548f-5p axis[J].Circ Res,2017,121(6):628-635.
[14]Autieri MV.Pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokine networks in atherosclerosis[J].Vasc Med,2012,2012(6):329-341.
[15]Su B,Mitra S,Gregg H,et al.Redox regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation[J].Circ Res,2001,89:39-46.
[16]Qi YX,Jiang J,Jiang XH,et al.PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 on crosstalk between endothelial and smooth muscle cells in vascular remodeling induced by low shear stress[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2011,108(5):1908-1913.
[17]Pidkovka NA,Cherepanova OA,Yoshida T,et al.Oxidized phospholipids induce phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells in vivo and in vitro[J].Circ Res,2007,101:792-801.
[18]Stary HC,Chandler AB,Glagov S,et al.A definition of initial,fatty streak,and intermediate lesions of atherosclerosis.A report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis,American Heart Association[J].Arterioscler Thromb,1994,14:840-856.
[19]Huo Y,Ley K.Adhesion molecules and atherogenesis[J].Acta Physiol Scand,2001,173:35-43.
[20]Cai Q,Lanting L,Natarajan R.Growth factors induce monocyte binding to vascular smooth muscle cells:implications for monocyte retention in atherosclerosis[J].Am J Physiol Cell Physiol,2004,287:C707-C714.
[21]Wong BW,Wong D,Mc Manus BM.Characterization of fractalkine(CX3CL1)and CX3CR1 in human coronary arteries with native atherosclerosis,diabetes mellitus,and transplant vascular disease[J].Cardiovasc Pathol,2002,11:332-338.
[22]Barlic J,Zhang Y,Foley JF,et al.Oxidized lipid-driven chemokine receptor switch,CCR2 to CX3CR1,mediates adhesion of human macrophages to coronary artery smooth muscle cells through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-dependent pathway[J].Circulation,2006,114:807-819.
[23]Barlic J,Zhang Y,Murphy PM.Atherogenic lipids induce adhesion of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells to macrophages by up-regulating chemokine CX3CL1 on smooth muscle cells in a TNFalpha-NFkappa B-dependent manner[J].J Biol Chem,2007,282:19167-19176.
[24]Ma D,Zheng B,Suzuki T,et al.Inhibition of KLF5-Myo9b-Rho A pathway-mediated podosome formation in macrophages ameliorates abdominal aortic aneurysm[J].Circ Res,2017,120(5):799-815.
[25]Mietus-Snyder M,Gowri MS,Pitas RE.Class A scavenger receptor up-regulation in smooth muscle cells by oxidized low density lipoprotein.Enhancement by calcium flux and concurrent cyclooxygenase-2up-regulation[J].J Biol Chem,2000,275(23):17661-17670.
[26]Ruan XZ,Moorhead JF,Tao JL,et al.Mechanisms of dysregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor expression in vascular smooth muscle cells by inflammatory cytokines[J].Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol,2006,26:1150-1155.
[27]Klouche M,Rose-John S,Schmiedt W,et al.Enzymatically degraded,nonoxidized LDL induces human vascular smooth muscle cell activation,foam cell transformation,and proliferation[J].Circulation,2000,101:1799-1805.
[28]Botham KM,Bravo E,Elliott J,et al.Direct interaction of dietary lipids carried in chylomicron remnants with cells of the artery wall:implications for atherosclerosis development[J].Curr Pharm Des,2005,11:3681-3695.
[29]Wagsater D,Olofsson PS,Norgren L,et al.The chemokine and scavenger receptor CXCL16/SR-PSOX is expressed in human vascular smooth muscle cells and is induced by INF gamma[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2004,325:1187-1193.
[30]Allahverdian S,Chehroudi AC,Mc Manus BM,et al.Contribution of intimal smooth muscle cells to cholesterol accumulation and macrophage-like cells in human atherosclerosis[J].Circulation,2014,129(15):1551-1559.
[31]Oram JF,Heinecke JW.ATP-binding cassette transporter A1:a cell cholesterol exporter that protects against cardiovascular disease[J].Physiol Rev,2005,85:1343-1372.
[32]欧翔,陈凌燕,周志姣,等.血管生成素1通过LXRα途径调节THP-1源性泡沫细胞ABCA1、ABCG1表达及胆固醇流出[J].中国动脉硬化杂志,2017,25(11):1081-1087.
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[35]Climent M,Quintavalle M,Miragoli M,et al.TGFβtriggers miR-143/145 transfer from smooth muscle cells to endothelial cells,thereby modulating vessel stabilization[J].Circ Res,2015,116(11):1753-1764.
[36]Zheng B,Yin WN,Suzuki T,et al.Exosome-mediated miR-155transfer from smooth muscle cells to endothelial cells induces endothelial injury and promotes atherosclerosis[J].Mol Ther,2017,25(6):1279-1294.