高速精密水润滑电主轴关键技术研究进展
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摘要
对高速精密水润滑电主轴关键技术进行综述。概述了水润滑电主轴的结构设计及冷却技术;详细评述了水润滑轴承的结构形式、节流技术、材料选择、静动态特性分析与测试技术以及轴向密封设计等轴承技术;最后介绍了水润滑电主轴国内外应用现状,并对该电主轴的技术发展趋势进行了展望。
It proposes a review on the progress in the key technologies of high speed motorized spindle supported by water- lubricate bearings. It mainly describes the novel structure and cooling system,comments on the bearings technologies including bearing structure,restrictor,material,analysis of static and dynamic performance,and axial sealing technology. Finally,it introduces the applications of motorized spindles with water- lubricated bearing at home and abroad,discusses the trends in future research.
It proposes a review on the progress in the key technologies of high speed motorized spindle supported by water- lubricate bearings. It mainly describes the novel structure and cooling system,comments on the bearings technologies including bearing structure,restrictor,material,analysis of static and dynamic performance,and axial sealing technology. Finally,it introduces the applications of motorized spindles with water- lubricated bearing at home and abroad,discusses the trends in future research.
引文
[1]周延祐,李中行.主轴概述[J].制造技术与机床,2003(6):61-63.
[2]王蕴,刘峰.水润滑陶瓷滑动轴承研究综述[J].机床与液压,2010,38(11):123-126.
[3]刘峰.基于粘度可控水基润滑液的高速陶瓷滑动轴承主轴设计[D].天津:天津大学,2010.
[4]杜雄.内置式静压电主轴轴系设计[J].精密制造与自动化,2013(3):26-29.
[5]刘强.水润滑高速电主轴动态特性分析[D].南京:东南大学,2007.
[6]赵万华,徐华,张永领,等.一种采用水润滑动静压轴承的高速电主轴装置:200910022563.X[P].2009-10-28.
[7]蒋书运,徐春冬.一种高效内冷却的电主轴:201010539255.7[P].2011-06-15.
[8]熊万里,李芳芳,吕浪,等.带鼠笼式电机定子冷却结构的电主轴:201010245494.1[P].2011-01-26.
[9]CHIEN C H,JANG J Y.3-D numerical and experimental analysis of a built-in motorized high-speed spindle with helical water cooling channel[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2008,28(17):2327-2336.
[10]XIA C,FU J,LAI J,et al.Conjugate heat transfer in fractal treelike channels network heat sink for high-speed motorized spindle cooling[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2015,90:1032-1042.
[11]FURUISHI Y,SUGANAMI T,YAMAMOTO S,et al.Performance of water-lubricated flat spiral groove bearings[J].Journal of Tribology,1985,107(2):268-273.
[12]WANG X,KATO K,ADACHI K,et al.Loads carrying capacity map for the surface texture design of Si C thrust bearing sliding in water[J].Tribology International,2003,36(3):189-197.
[13]王家序,周广武,李俊阳,等.波形槽水润滑橡胶合金轴承:201010596565.2[P].2011-05-04.
[14]王家序,王帮长.螺旋槽水润滑橡胶合金轴承:200510057179.5[P].2006-01-11.
[15]彭龙龙,汪久根,彭娟娟,等.表面织构对水润滑径向滑动轴承湍流特性的影响[J].润滑与密封,2016(2):1-7.
[16]GOHARA M,SOMAYA K,MIYATAKE M,et al.Static characteristics of a water-lubricated hydrostatic thrust bearing using a membrane restrictor[J].Tribology International,2014,75(5):111-116.
[17]CHEN W,WANG F,ZHANG Y.The Flow Field Simulation of a Novel Water-Lubricated Hybrid Bearing for High-Speed Spindle[C]//ASME 2010 International Joint Tribology Conference.New York:American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2010:91-93.
[18]林彬,刘峰,张晓峰.基于多孔质节流器的水润滑动静压轴承的设计[J].轴承,2007(1):4-8.
[19]郭宏升,张杰,焦让,等.内反馈水润滑高速动静压轴承的应用[J].轴承,2007(9):11-14.
[20]戴攀,徐华.高速水润滑动静压轴承环面节流器节流系数研究[J].润滑与密封,2010,35(2):40-43.
[21]KURTIN K A,CHILDS D,SANANDRES L,et al.Experimental versus theoretical characteristics of a high-speed hybrid(combination hydrostatic and hydrodynamic)bearing[J].Journal of Tribology,1993,115(1):160-169.
[22]戴学余,苗旭升,富彦丽,等.几种低粘度润滑介质下动静压轴承的性能分析[J].润滑与密封,2004(3):10-13.
[23]张新敏,臧鹏飞,王延.基于改进C-S模型的水润滑轴承湍流流场计算方法[J].水动力学研究与进展,2013,28(1):88-93.
[24]邓啸,邓礼平,黄伟,等.水润滑推力轴承全流态润滑性能数值模拟分析[J].核动力工程,2015(3):94-98.
[25]YOSHIMOTO S,OSHIMA S,DANBARA S,et al.Stability of water-lubricated,hydrostatic,conical bearings with spiral grooves for high-speed spindles[J].Journal of Tribology,2002,124(2):398-405.
[26]WANG Lin,PEI Shiyuan,XIONG Xianzhi,et al.Study on the static performance and stability of a water-lubricated hybrid bearing with circumferential grooves and stepped recesses considering the Influence of recess sizes[J].Tribology Transactions,2014,57(1):36-45.
[27]WANG Lei,JIANG Shuyun.Centrifugal effects on the dynamic characteristics of high speed hydrostatic thrust bearing lubricated by low viscosity fluid[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part J,Journal of Engineering Tribology,2014,228(8):860-871.
[28]FENG Huihui.Dynamic Characteristics of a Rigid Spindle Supported by Water-Lubricated Bearings[C]//Applied Mechanics and Materials.Zurich-Durnten:Trans Tech Publications Ltd,2013,401/402/403:121-124.
[29]郭宏升,焦让,张杰,等.水润滑高速动静压滑动轴承在机械加工中的应用研究[J].制造技术与机床,2007(9):113-116.
[30]NAKANO S,KISHIBE T,INOUE T,et al.An advanced microturbine system with water-lubricated bearings[J].International Journal of Rotating Machinery,2009,2009:1-12.
[31]张国渊,袁小阳,苗旭升,等.水润滑高速动静压轴承试验研究[J].摩擦学学报,2006,26(3):238-241.
[32]唐群国,刘丽萍,金文浩.新型水润滑动静压径向滑动轴承综合性能试验台的研制[J].机床与液压,2010,38(13):15-18.
[33]王磊.水润滑轴承动态特性分析及试验研究[D].南京:东南大学,2014.
[34]蒋书运,程峰.高速水轴承智能供水装置:201210234962.4[P].2012-10-17.
[35]贾谦,欧阳武,张雪冰,等.水润滑轴承刚度测试中磁力加载激振技术研究[J].机械设计与制造,2014(11):99-101.
[36]蒋书运,程峰.一种带气体密封的高速水轴承性能试验装置:201210234963.9[P].2012-10-24.
[37]WONG H,UMEHARA N,KATO K.Frictional characteristics of ceramics under water‐lubricated cond-itions[J].Tribology Letters,1998,5(4):303-308.
[38]CHEN M,KATO K,ADACHI K,et al.The comparisons of sliding speed and normal load effect on friction coefficients of selfmated Si3N4and Si C under water lubrication[J].Tribology International,2002,35(3):129-135.
[39]ANDERSSON P.Water-lubricated and dry-running properties of ceramic journal bearings[J].Tribot-est,2003,10(2):147-161.
[40]CHENG Feng,JIANG Shuyun.Cavitation erosion resistance of diamond-like carbon coating on stainless steel[J].Applied Surface Science,2014,292(3):16-26.
[41]WANG Y,WANG L,XUE Q,et al.Improvement in the tribological performances of Si3N4,Si C and WC by graphite-like carbon films under dry and water-lubricated sliding conditions[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2011,205(8):2770-2777.
[42]CHENG Feng,JIANG Shuyun,LIANG Jun.Cavitation erosion resistance of microarc oxidation coating on aluminium alloy[J].Applied Surface Science,2013,280(9):287-296.
[43]KRELLA A K.Cavitation erosion resistance of Ti/Ti N multilayer coatings[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2013,228(9):115-123.
[44]印光耀.高速水轴承材料的抗空蚀试验研究[D].南京:东南大学,2010.
[45]程峰.高速水轴承材料的抗空蚀性能研究[D].南京:东南大学,2014.
[46]蒋书运,程峰.一种带微弧氧化膜层的高速水轴承结构:201210235583.7[P].2012-10-24.
[47]NAKANE H,MAEKAWA A,AKITA E,et al.The development of high performance leaf seals[J].Advancement of Intelligent Production,2002,126(2):391-396.
[48]张宏林.基于Fluent的迷宫密封充、抽气系统仿真与分析[J].机床与液压,2013,41(16):113-116.
[49]杨霞,任洁琦.水润滑高速电主轴轴承零泄漏密封结构设计与仿真分析[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2014(11):56-59.
[50]陈渭,吴连军,范洪杰.采用水润滑动静压轴承的超高速电主轴密封结构:201210361483.9[P].2013-01-09.
[51]杜雄,杨丽,房小艳.高速动静压电主轴密封结构:201210430201.6[P].2013-01-30.
[52]郭宏升,焦让,张杰,等.水润滑高速动静压滑动轴承在机械加工中的应用研究[J].制造技术与机床,2007(9):113-116.
[53]WANG L,XU H.Experimental study on the dynamic performance of a new high-speed spindle supported by water-lubricated hybrid bearings[J].Shock and Vibration,2016(6):1-8.
[54]YOSHIMOTO S,ANNO Y,TAMURA M,et al.Axial load capacity of water-lubricated hydrostatic conical bearings with spiral grooves(on the case of rigid surface bearings)[J].Journal of Tribology,1996,118(4):893-899.
[55]YOSHIMOTO S,KUME T,SHITARA T.Axial load capacity of water-lubricated hydrostatic conical beari-ngs with spiral grooves for high speed spindles:comparison between rigid and complaint surface bearings[J].Tribology International,1998,31(6):331-338.
[56]SLOCUM A H,SCAGNETTI P A,KANE N R,et al.Design of self-compensated,water-hydrostatic bearings[J].Precision Engineering,1995,17(3):173-185.
[57]MATSUBARA T,NAKAMURA T,ITOIGAWA F,et al.Development and Performance Test for Water Lubricated HydrostaticHydrodynamic Hybrid Journal Bearing[C]//JSME annual meeting.Tokyo:The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers,2000(2):369-370.
[58]ZELINSKI P.The Fluid Transition[EB/OL].(2001-04-15)[2016-02-26].http://www.mmsonline.com/articles/thefluid-transition.
[2]王蕴,刘峰.水润滑陶瓷滑动轴承研究综述[J].机床与液压,2010,38(11):123-126.
[3]刘峰.基于粘度可控水基润滑液的高速陶瓷滑动轴承主轴设计[D].天津:天津大学,2010.
[4]杜雄.内置式静压电主轴轴系设计[J].精密制造与自动化,2013(3):26-29.
[5]刘强.水润滑高速电主轴动态特性分析[D].南京:东南大学,2007.
[6]赵万华,徐华,张永领,等.一种采用水润滑动静压轴承的高速电主轴装置:200910022563.X[P].2009-10-28.
[7]蒋书运,徐春冬.一种高效内冷却的电主轴:201010539255.7[P].2011-06-15.
[8]熊万里,李芳芳,吕浪,等.带鼠笼式电机定子冷却结构的电主轴:201010245494.1[P].2011-01-26.
[9]CHIEN C H,JANG J Y.3-D numerical and experimental analysis of a built-in motorized high-speed spindle with helical water cooling channel[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2008,28(17):2327-2336.
[10]XIA C,FU J,LAI J,et al.Conjugate heat transfer in fractal treelike channels network heat sink for high-speed motorized spindle cooling[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2015,90:1032-1042.
[11]FURUISHI Y,SUGANAMI T,YAMAMOTO S,et al.Performance of water-lubricated flat spiral groove bearings[J].Journal of Tribology,1985,107(2):268-273.
[12]WANG X,KATO K,ADACHI K,et al.Loads carrying capacity map for the surface texture design of Si C thrust bearing sliding in water[J].Tribology International,2003,36(3):189-197.
[13]王家序,周广武,李俊阳,等.波形槽水润滑橡胶合金轴承:201010596565.2[P].2011-05-04.
[14]王家序,王帮长.螺旋槽水润滑橡胶合金轴承:200510057179.5[P].2006-01-11.
[15]彭龙龙,汪久根,彭娟娟,等.表面织构对水润滑径向滑动轴承湍流特性的影响[J].润滑与密封,2016(2):1-7.
[16]GOHARA M,SOMAYA K,MIYATAKE M,et al.Static characteristics of a water-lubricated hydrostatic thrust bearing using a membrane restrictor[J].Tribology International,2014,75(5):111-116.
[17]CHEN W,WANG F,ZHANG Y.The Flow Field Simulation of a Novel Water-Lubricated Hybrid Bearing for High-Speed Spindle[C]//ASME 2010 International Joint Tribology Conference.New York:American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2010:91-93.
[18]林彬,刘峰,张晓峰.基于多孔质节流器的水润滑动静压轴承的设计[J].轴承,2007(1):4-8.
[19]郭宏升,张杰,焦让,等.内反馈水润滑高速动静压轴承的应用[J].轴承,2007(9):11-14.
[20]戴攀,徐华.高速水润滑动静压轴承环面节流器节流系数研究[J].润滑与密封,2010,35(2):40-43.
[21]KURTIN K A,CHILDS D,SANANDRES L,et al.Experimental versus theoretical characteristics of a high-speed hybrid(combination hydrostatic and hydrodynamic)bearing[J].Journal of Tribology,1993,115(1):160-169.
[22]戴学余,苗旭升,富彦丽,等.几种低粘度润滑介质下动静压轴承的性能分析[J].润滑与密封,2004(3):10-13.
[23]张新敏,臧鹏飞,王延.基于改进C-S模型的水润滑轴承湍流流场计算方法[J].水动力学研究与进展,2013,28(1):88-93.
[24]邓啸,邓礼平,黄伟,等.水润滑推力轴承全流态润滑性能数值模拟分析[J].核动力工程,2015(3):94-98.
[25]YOSHIMOTO S,OSHIMA S,DANBARA S,et al.Stability of water-lubricated,hydrostatic,conical bearings with spiral grooves for high-speed spindles[J].Journal of Tribology,2002,124(2):398-405.
[26]WANG Lin,PEI Shiyuan,XIONG Xianzhi,et al.Study on the static performance and stability of a water-lubricated hybrid bearing with circumferential grooves and stepped recesses considering the Influence of recess sizes[J].Tribology Transactions,2014,57(1):36-45.
[27]WANG Lei,JIANG Shuyun.Centrifugal effects on the dynamic characteristics of high speed hydrostatic thrust bearing lubricated by low viscosity fluid[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part J,Journal of Engineering Tribology,2014,228(8):860-871.
[28]FENG Huihui.Dynamic Characteristics of a Rigid Spindle Supported by Water-Lubricated Bearings[C]//Applied Mechanics and Materials.Zurich-Durnten:Trans Tech Publications Ltd,2013,401/402/403:121-124.
[29]郭宏升,焦让,张杰,等.水润滑高速动静压滑动轴承在机械加工中的应用研究[J].制造技术与机床,2007(9):113-116.
[30]NAKANO S,KISHIBE T,INOUE T,et al.An advanced microturbine system with water-lubricated bearings[J].International Journal of Rotating Machinery,2009,2009:1-12.
[31]张国渊,袁小阳,苗旭升,等.水润滑高速动静压轴承试验研究[J].摩擦学学报,2006,26(3):238-241.
[32]唐群国,刘丽萍,金文浩.新型水润滑动静压径向滑动轴承综合性能试验台的研制[J].机床与液压,2010,38(13):15-18.
[33]王磊.水润滑轴承动态特性分析及试验研究[D].南京:东南大学,2014.
[34]蒋书运,程峰.高速水轴承智能供水装置:201210234962.4[P].2012-10-17.
[35]贾谦,欧阳武,张雪冰,等.水润滑轴承刚度测试中磁力加载激振技术研究[J].机械设计与制造,2014(11):99-101.
[36]蒋书运,程峰.一种带气体密封的高速水轴承性能试验装置:201210234963.9[P].2012-10-24.
[37]WONG H,UMEHARA N,KATO K.Frictional characteristics of ceramics under water‐lubricated cond-itions[J].Tribology Letters,1998,5(4):303-308.
[38]CHEN M,KATO K,ADACHI K,et al.The comparisons of sliding speed and normal load effect on friction coefficients of selfmated Si3N4and Si C under water lubrication[J].Tribology International,2002,35(3):129-135.
[39]ANDERSSON P.Water-lubricated and dry-running properties of ceramic journal bearings[J].Tribot-est,2003,10(2):147-161.
[40]CHENG Feng,JIANG Shuyun.Cavitation erosion resistance of diamond-like carbon coating on stainless steel[J].Applied Surface Science,2014,292(3):16-26.
[41]WANG Y,WANG L,XUE Q,et al.Improvement in the tribological performances of Si3N4,Si C and WC by graphite-like carbon films under dry and water-lubricated sliding conditions[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2011,205(8):2770-2777.
[42]CHENG Feng,JIANG Shuyun,LIANG Jun.Cavitation erosion resistance of microarc oxidation coating on aluminium alloy[J].Applied Surface Science,2013,280(9):287-296.
[43]KRELLA A K.Cavitation erosion resistance of Ti/Ti N multilayer coatings[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2013,228(9):115-123.
[44]印光耀.高速水轴承材料的抗空蚀试验研究[D].南京:东南大学,2010.
[45]程峰.高速水轴承材料的抗空蚀性能研究[D].南京:东南大学,2014.
[46]蒋书运,程峰.一种带微弧氧化膜层的高速水轴承结构:201210235583.7[P].2012-10-24.
[47]NAKANE H,MAEKAWA A,AKITA E,et al.The development of high performance leaf seals[J].Advancement of Intelligent Production,2002,126(2):391-396.
[48]张宏林.基于Fluent的迷宫密封充、抽气系统仿真与分析[J].机床与液压,2013,41(16):113-116.
[49]杨霞,任洁琦.水润滑高速电主轴轴承零泄漏密封结构设计与仿真分析[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2014(11):56-59.
[50]陈渭,吴连军,范洪杰.采用水润滑动静压轴承的超高速电主轴密封结构:201210361483.9[P].2013-01-09.
[51]杜雄,杨丽,房小艳.高速动静压电主轴密封结构:201210430201.6[P].2013-01-30.
[52]郭宏升,焦让,张杰,等.水润滑高速动静压滑动轴承在机械加工中的应用研究[J].制造技术与机床,2007(9):113-116.
[53]WANG L,XU H.Experimental study on the dynamic performance of a new high-speed spindle supported by water-lubricated hybrid bearings[J].Shock and Vibration,2016(6):1-8.
[54]YOSHIMOTO S,ANNO Y,TAMURA M,et al.Axial load capacity of water-lubricated hydrostatic conical bearings with spiral grooves(on the case of rigid surface bearings)[J].Journal of Tribology,1996,118(4):893-899.
[55]YOSHIMOTO S,KUME T,SHITARA T.Axial load capacity of water-lubricated hydrostatic conical beari-ngs with spiral grooves for high speed spindles:comparison between rigid and complaint surface bearings[J].Tribology International,1998,31(6):331-338.
[56]SLOCUM A H,SCAGNETTI P A,KANE N R,et al.Design of self-compensated,water-hydrostatic bearings[J].Precision Engineering,1995,17(3):173-185.
[57]MATSUBARA T,NAKAMURA T,ITOIGAWA F,et al.Development and Performance Test for Water Lubricated HydrostaticHydrodynamic Hybrid Journal Bearing[C]//JSME annual meeting.Tokyo:The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers,2000(2):369-370.
[58]ZELINSKI P.The Fluid Transition[EB/OL].(2001-04-15)[2016-02-26].http://www.mmsonline.com/articles/thefluid-transition.