考虑电网脆弱性的电网发电计划优化
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摘要
国内外发生的一系列大停电事故充分暴露了大型互联电网的脆弱性。为综合评价当前电网的脆弱特性,评估电网抵御连锁故障的能力,提出一种能够考虑电网脆弱性的发电计划优化策略。首先,提出电网整体脆弱性综合评价指标,该指标包含电网平均脆弱性并兼顾了电网脆弱性分布均衡程度。然后,将该指标和经济性目标均达到最小作为发电计划优化目标,建立考虑电网脆弱性的电网发电计划的多目标优化模型。最后,提出一种将ε-约束算法和改进PSO算法相结合的多目标优化算法,对搭建的模型进行求解,可保证Pareto解集的均匀性和有效性。对某省级规模电网进行仿真分析,分析结果证明了所提方法的可行性和优越性
Series blackouts occurring in China and abroad have fully exposed the vulnerability of large interconnected power grid. In order to comprehensively evaluate the fragile characteristics of current grid and assess the ability to resist cascading failures of the grid, an optimization strategy of generation schedule considering grid vulnerability was proposed in this paper. Firstly, this paper established an overall vulnerability evaluation index of grid, and it could assess the average of vulnerability and the distribution of vulnerability of the grid. Secondly, the indicators and economic targets were selected as the goal of generation schedule optimization, a multi-objective optimization model of generation schedule optimization considering grid vulnerability was built. Finally,for the optimization model, the combination of a ?-constrained optimization algorithm and improved PSO algorithm as a multi-objective optimization algorithm was proposed. The algorithm can ensure uniformity and effectiveness of the obtained Pareto solution set. The above optimization models and algorithms were simulated for a provincial scale grid. The simulation results verified the economy and and superiority of the proposed indicators, models, algorithms.
Series blackouts occurring in China and abroad have fully exposed the vulnerability of large interconnected power grid. In order to comprehensively evaluate the fragile characteristics of current grid and assess the ability to resist cascading failures of the grid, an optimization strategy of generation schedule considering grid vulnerability was proposed in this paper. Firstly, this paper established an overall vulnerability evaluation index of grid, and it could assess the average of vulnerability and the distribution of vulnerability of the grid. Secondly, the indicators and economic targets were selected as the goal of generation schedule optimization, a multi-objective optimization model of generation schedule optimization considering grid vulnerability was built. Finally,for the optimization model, the combination of a ?-constrained optimization algorithm and improved PSO algorithm as a multi-objective optimization algorithm was proposed. The algorithm can ensure uniformity and effectiveness of the obtained Pareto solution set. The above optimization models and algorithms were simulated for a provincial scale grid. The simulation results verified the economy and and superiority of the proposed indicators, models, algorithms.
引文
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[16]George Mavrotas.Effective implementation of the e-constraint method in multi-objective mathematical programming problems[J].Applied Mathematics and Computation,2009,37(3):455-465.
[17]汪新星,张明.基于改进微粒群算法的水火电力系统短期发电计划优化[J].电网技术,2004,28(12):16-19.WANG Xin-xing,ZHANG Ming.Short-term scheduling optimization of hydro-thermal power systems based on refined panicle swarm algorithm[J].Power System Technology,2004,28(12):16-19.
[2]楼茜,蒋传文,刘巍.考虑脆弱度与均衡度的电网运行评估[J].水电能源科学,2015,33(8):187-190.LOU Qian,JIANG Chuan-wen,LIU-Wei.Operational assessment of regional power grid considering vulnerable degree and balance degree[J].Water Resources and Power,2015,33(8):187-190.
[3]Rosehart W,Canizares C,Quintana V.Effect of detailed power system models in traditional and voltage stability constrained optimal power flow problems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2003,18(1):27-35.
[4]Rosehart W,Roman C,Schenllenberg A.Optimal power flow with complementarily constrains[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2005,20(2):813-822.
[5]孙欣,吕跃春,高军,等.电网经济性与安全性的精益化协调方法[J].电网技术,2009,33(11):12-17.SUN Xin,LV Yue-chun,GAO Jun,et al.Power grid economy and security coordination lean method[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(11):12-17.
[6]查浩,韩学山,王勇,等.电力系统安全经济协调的概率调度理论研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(13):16-22.ZHA Hao,HAN Xue-shan,WANG Yong,et a1.Study of power system probabilistic dispatching with securityeconomy coordination[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(13):16-22.
[7]Xiao F,Mc Calley J D.Risk.Based security and economy trade off analysis for real-time operation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2007,22(4):2 287-2 288.
[8]林涛,范杏元,徐遐龄.电力系统脆弱性评估方法研究综述[J].电力科学与技术学报,2010,25(4):20-24.LIN Tao,FAN Xing-yuan,XU Xia-ling.Summary of powersystem vulnerability assessment methods[J].Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology,2010,25(4):20-24.
[9]徐林,王秀丽,王锡凡,电气介数及其在电力系统关键线路识别中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(1):33-39.XU Lin,WANG Xiu-li,WANG Xi-fan.Electric betweeness and its application in key line identification in power system[J].Proceeding of the CSEE,2010,30(1):33-39.
[10]Xingbin Yu,Channan Singh.Integrated power system vulnerability analysis considering protecting failures[C].IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,Toronto,2003.
[11]邱威,张建华,刘念,等.计及运行风险的多目标发电优化调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(22):64-72.QIU Wei,ZHANG Jian-hua,LIU Nian,et al.Multiobjective optimal generation dispatch with consideration of operation risk[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(22):64-72.
[12]吴杰康,李月华.负荷转移因子及其在网损计算中的应用[J].现代电力,2008,25(3):8-12.WU Jie-kang,LI Yue-hua.Calculation and application of load shift factor of power systems[J].Modern Electricity,2008,25(3):8-12.
[13]刘耀年,术茜,禹冰,等.基于电气介数的电力系统脆弱性分析[J].电测与仪表.2011,48(7):61-63.LIU Yao-nian,ZHU Xi,YU Bing,et al.Analysis of power system vulnerability based on electrical betweenness[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2011,48(7):61-63.
[14]周龙.电网结构脆弱性分析及评价方法[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.
[15]侯丽丽,徐志凡.基于AHP-熵权法的智能电网安全性评价[J].现代电力,2011,28(5):85-89.HOU Li-Li,XU Zhi-fan.Security evaluation of smart grid based on AHP-entropy method[J].Modern Electric Power,2011,28(5);85-89.
[16]George Mavrotas.Effective implementation of the e-constraint method in multi-objective mathematical programming problems[J].Applied Mathematics and Computation,2009,37(3):455-465.
[17]汪新星,张明.基于改进微粒群算法的水火电力系统短期发电计划优化[J].电网技术,2004,28(12):16-19.WANG Xin-xing,ZHANG Ming.Short-term scheduling optimization of hydro-thermal power systems based on refined panicle swarm algorithm[J].Power System Technology,2004,28(12):16-19.