蓄水坑灌下苹果树茎流速率日变化及其影响因子的研究
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摘要
通过热扩散技术对苹果树茎流速率的测定来研究蓄水坑灌不同灌水处理(处理1:灌水上下限为田间持水量的100%和70%,处理2:灌水上下限为田间持水量的90%和60%,处理3:灌水上下限为田间持水量的80%和50%)以及地面灌溉(处理4)下苹果树茎流速率日变化规律,分析了系统水势及气象因子对茎流速率的影响。结果表明,不同灌水处理下茎流速率在各生育期的日变化趋势基本相同,均为先增大后减小。通过与地面灌溉对比分析得出蓄水坑灌下处理2是相对合理的灌水方案。影响因子方面,叶水势与茎流速率呈负相关,土-叶水势梯度与茎流速率呈正相关,并通过回归分析建立了茎流速率与太阳辐射、大气温度和大气相对湿度之间的回归方程。
The experiment uses thermal diffusion technique to measure the apple tree stem flow rate to study the daily change rule of apple tree stem flow rate under different treatments,including three water storage pit irrigation treatments,in which the upper and lower limits is70% and 100%,60% and 90%,50% and 80%,respectively,and the surface irrigation treatment. And the effects of water system and meteorological factors on the stem flow rate are also analyzed. The results show that daily variation of the stem flow rate under different irrigation treatment in different growth period has the same trend,namely first increasing then decreasing. Through the analysis of the differences between different processing treatments,it is found that the second water storage pit irrigation treatment is a relatively reasonable irrigation scheme. With regard to the influencing factors,the leaf water potential is negatively correlated with the stem flow rate,the soil-flow rate is positively correlated to the stem and leaf water potential gradient. Through regression analysis,the regression equation among the stem flow rate and the solar radiation,air temperature and air relative humidity is established.
The experiment uses thermal diffusion technique to measure the apple tree stem flow rate to study the daily change rule of apple tree stem flow rate under different treatments,including three water storage pit irrigation treatments,in which the upper and lower limits is70% and 100%,60% and 90%,50% and 80%,respectively,and the surface irrigation treatment. And the effects of water system and meteorological factors on the stem flow rate are also analyzed. The results show that daily variation of the stem flow rate under different irrigation treatment in different growth period has the same trend,namely first increasing then decreasing. Through the analysis of the differences between different processing treatments,it is found that the second water storage pit irrigation treatment is a relatively reasonable irrigation scheme. With regard to the influencing factors,the leaf water potential is negatively correlated with the stem flow rate,the soil-flow rate is positively correlated to the stem and leaf water potential gradient. Through regression analysis,the regression equation among the stem flow rate and the solar radiation,air temperature and air relative humidity is established.
引文
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[15]张欢玲,刘淑春,苏小雨,等.外源SA和DPI对灌浆期高温强光下小麦叶片气孔开闭的影响[J].作物杂志,2014,(3):67-71.
[2]汪泽军.幼龄枣树茎流规律及其与环境因子关系的研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2004.
[3]谢华,沈荣开.用茎流计研究冬小麦茎蒸腾规律[J].灌溉排水报,2001,20(1):5-9.
[4]Shaozhong Kang,Xiaotao Hu,Peter Jerie,et al.The effects of partial root zone drying on root,trunk sap flow and water balance in an irrigated pear(Pyrus communis L)orchard[J].Journal of Hydrology,2003,280(1-4):192-206.
[5]Kigalu J M.Effect of planting density on the productivity and water use of tea clones I.measurement of water use in young tea using sap flow meters with a stem heat balance method[J].Agricultural Water Management,2007,90(3):224-232.
[6]Chabot R,Bouarfa S,Zimmer D,et al.Evaluation of the sap flow determined with a heat balance method to measure the transpiration of a sugarcane canopy[J].Agricultural Water Management,2005,75(1):10-24.
[7]马福生,康绍忠,胡笑涛,等.不同阶段亏水处理对温室栽培梨枣树茎液流变化影响的研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(4):6-14.
[8]Yue G Y,Zhao H,Zhang T,et al.Evaluation of water use of caragana microphylla with the stem heat-balance method in Horqin sandy land,Inner Mongolia,China[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2008,148(11):1 668-1 678.
[9]李波,郭向红,孙西欢,等.蓄水坑灌条件下不同灌水下限幼龄苹果树耗水特性及作物系数的试验研究[J].节水灌溉,2016,(6):10-14,18.
[10]王颖苗,孙西欢,郭向红,等.蓄水坑灌不同坑深条件下苹果树叶片蒸腾特性研究[J].节水灌溉,2015,(6):10-13,17.
[11]赵自国,夏江宝,王荣荣,等.不同土壤水分条件下叶底珠茎流特征[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(5):1 385-1 388.
[12]杨素苗.灌溉方式对红富士苹果根系水分生理特性影响的研究[D].河北保定:河北农业大学,2011.
[13]周珊珊.渭北高原红富士苹果树蒸腾规律的研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011.
[14]石游,李建贵,杨振.新疆阿克苏干旱区富士苹果树干液流动态变化研究[J].西北植物学报,2012,(3):546-554.
[15]张欢玲,刘淑春,苏小雨,等.外源SA和DPI对灌浆期高温强光下小麦叶片气孔开闭的影响[J].作物杂志,2014,(3):67-71.