我国劳动力价格、成本优势的变化与应对研究
|
摘要
近些年来,我国劳动力市场呈现劳动力价格整体水平快速上涨、不同区域和行业间劳动力价格不平衡、不同群体间劳动力价格上涨速度不一、教育培训费与社会保险费所占比重严重偏低等变化趋势,传统劳动密集型行业劳动力成本优势正在日益缩小。导致劳动力价格变化与劳动力成本优势缩小的主要原因在于:劳动力"人口红利"逐渐消失、劳动力市场竞争机制作用以及劳动者生产、生活成本与人力资本投资增加。在经济社会快速发展背景下,劳动力价格上涨是必然趋势,应持续完善劳动力市场环境,切实保障劳动者权益,推动产业转型升级、提高就业质量,持续提高我国劳动生产率,实现经济社会持续健康发展。
In recent years, China's labor force market had a trend of overall fast rising price, imbalance price in different regions and industries, different rising rate among various groups, severely lower proportion of educational fee and social insurance, and the labor force cost advantage in traditional labor intensive industry was dismissing. The main reason for labor force price change and the narrowing labor force cost advantage are: population dividend is gradually disappearing, the labor force market competition mechanism effect and labor production, living cost and human capital investment increased. Under the situation of rapid development of economic society, the rising labor force price is inevitable trend, we should continuously improve the labor force market environment, guarantee labor rights, promote the industrial transformation and upgrading, raise employment quality, improve China's labor productivity, and realize the sustainable and healthy development of economic society.
In recent years, China's labor force market had a trend of overall fast rising price, imbalance price in different regions and industries, different rising rate among various groups, severely lower proportion of educational fee and social insurance, and the labor force cost advantage in traditional labor intensive industry was dismissing. The main reason for labor force price change and the narrowing labor force cost advantage are: population dividend is gradually disappearing, the labor force market competition mechanism effect and labor production, living cost and human capital investment increased. Under the situation of rapid development of economic society, the rising labor force price is inevitable trend, we should continuously improve the labor force market environment, guarantee labor rights, promote the industrial transformation and upgrading, raise employment quality, improve China's labor productivity, and realize the sustainable and healthy development of economic society.
引文
[1]马飒,黄建锋.劳动力成本上升削弱了中国的引资优势吗——基于跨国面板数据的经验分析[J].国际贸易问题,2014(10):110-120.
[2]张亚萍.论中国制造业产业升级中劳动力成本的优势变迁[J].沈阳工程学院学报(社会科学版),2006(2):156-158.
[3]蒋毅一,兰文芳.后危机时代我国劳动力成本优势状况分析[J].商业时代,2011(4):11-12.
[4]孙巍,杨帅.劳动力成本、要素替代与制造业产品出厂价格[J].中国物价,2011(9):19-23.
[5]孙训爽.对我国劳动力成本比较优势的若干思考[J].黑龙江对外经贸,2011(9):12-13.
[6]弓建国,张艳娟.我国劳动力价格的上升对企业成本竞争力的影响分析[J].企业研究,2010(14):131-133.
[7]巫强.收入差距、人工成本与劳动力价格[J].中国物价,2010(12):20-22.
[8]辛永容.中国制造业劳动力成本竞争优势研究[J].柳州职业技术学院学报,2013(6):6-10.
[2]张亚萍.论中国制造业产业升级中劳动力成本的优势变迁[J].沈阳工程学院学报(社会科学版),2006(2):156-158.
[3]蒋毅一,兰文芳.后危机时代我国劳动力成本优势状况分析[J].商业时代,2011(4):11-12.
[4]孙巍,杨帅.劳动力成本、要素替代与制造业产品出厂价格[J].中国物价,2011(9):19-23.
[5]孙训爽.对我国劳动力成本比较优势的若干思考[J].黑龙江对外经贸,2011(9):12-13.
[6]弓建国,张艳娟.我国劳动力价格的上升对企业成本竞争力的影响分析[J].企业研究,2010(14):131-133.
[7]巫强.收入差距、人工成本与劳动力价格[J].中国物价,2010(12):20-22.
[8]辛永容.中国制造业劳动力成本竞争优势研究[J].柳州职业技术学院学报,2013(6):6-10.