降解秸秆微生物及秸秆腐熟剂的研究进展
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摘要
秸秆是农业成品收获后剩余的田间闲置副产物,其主要化学成分为纤维素、半纤维素和木质素。秸秆腐熟剂是一群能将秸秆大分子物质降解为植物可利用简单化合物的复杂菌群,为土壤提供碳、氮、磷、钾等元素,使秸秆得以还田。文章对降解秸秆的微生物种类进行总结,并对微生物酶学机理、微生物菌群的相互作用及秸秆腐熟剂的应用效果等研究概况进行综述,针对腐熟剂菌种效率低、菌群动态不清楚、酶降解机制不完善、秸秆腐熟剂使用方式不明确及腐熟指标不具体等问题,提出原位筛选菌种、深入研究组合菌种相互作用机制与酶降解机制、开展腐熟剂具体使用方法的研究及确立完整具体的评判标准,为今后有关秸秆腐熟剂菌种的选育工作提供参照和借鉴。
Straw is a field by-product of agricultural products after harvest. The main chemical components are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Straw-decomposing inoculant is a group of complex bacteria that can degrade macromolecular substances in straw into simple compounds available for plants, and provide carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for soil, so that straw can be returned to field. In this paper, the microbial species of degraded straw were summarized,and microbial mechanism, interaction of microbial flora and application effects of straw-decomposing inoculant were reviewed. The efficiency of the bacteria was not high, the flora dynamics were not clear, enzyme degradation mechanism was not sound, the use of straw decomposer was not clear and the maturity index was not specific, etc. Based on these issues, the authors put forward in situ screening bacteria, in-depth study of the interaction mechanism of combination of bacteria and enzyme degradation mechanism to carry out the specific use of decomposing agent research and to establish a complete set of specific criteria. With these efforts, reference could be provided for straw-decomposing inoculant breeding in the future.
Straw is a field by-product of agricultural products after harvest. The main chemical components are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Straw-decomposing inoculant is a group of complex bacteria that can degrade macromolecular substances in straw into simple compounds available for plants, and provide carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for soil, so that straw can be returned to field. In this paper, the microbial species of degraded straw were summarized,and microbial mechanism, interaction of microbial flora and application effects of straw-decomposing inoculant were reviewed. The efficiency of the bacteria was not high, the flora dynamics were not clear, enzyme degradation mechanism was not sound, the use of straw decomposer was not clear and the maturity index was not specific, etc. Based on these issues, the authors put forward in situ screening bacteria, in-depth study of the interaction mechanism of combination of bacteria and enzyme degradation mechanism to carry out the specific use of decomposing agent research and to establish a complete set of specific criteria. With these efforts, reference could be provided for straw-decomposing inoculant breeding in the future.
引文
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高云.2016.一种快速腐熟秸秆的腐熟剂:CN105316247A[P].2016-02-10.[Gao Y.2016.A maturing agent for rapid decomposing straws:CN105316247A[P].2016-02-10.]
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农传江,王宇蕴,徐智,和金鸿,刘雨萌,洪杨,汤利,张发宝.2016.有机物料腐熟剂对玉米和水稻秸秆还田效应的影响[J].西北农业学报,25(1):34-41.[Nong C J,Wang YY,Xu Z,He J H,Liu Y M,Hong Y,Tang L,Zhang F B.2016.Effects of organic matter-decomposition inoculanton maize and rice straw returning[J].Acta Ariculturae Borealioccidentalis Sinica,25(1):34-41.]
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池玉杰,伊洪伟.2007.木材白腐菌分解木质素的酶系统---锰过氧化物酶、漆酶和木质素过氧化物酶催化分解木质素的机制[J].菌物学报,(1):153-160.[Chi Y J,Yi H W.2007.Lignin degradation mechanisms of ligninolytic enzyme system,manganese peroxidase,laccase and lignin peroxidase,produced by wood white rot fungi[J].Mycosystema,(1):153-160.]
樊云燕,李昆,张锦华.2015.木质素降解菌的筛选及其漆酶性质研究[J].畜牧与兽医,47(10):35-40.[Fan Y Y,Li K,Zhang J H.2015.The screening of the lignin-degraded bacterium and its lactase activity[J].Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,47(10):35-40.]
高云.2016.一种快速腐熟秸秆的腐熟剂:CN105316247A[P].2016-02-10.[Gao Y.2016.A maturing agent for rapid decomposing straws:CN105316247A[P].2016-02-10.]
顾文杰,徐有权,徐培智,解开治,卢钰升,唐拴虎,张发宝.2012b.酸性土壤中高效半纤维素降解菌的筛选与鉴定[J].微生物学报,52(10):1251-1259.[Gu W J,Xu Y Q,Xu P Z,Xie K Z,Lu Y S,Tang S H,Zhang F B.2012b.Screening and identification of hemicellulose degrading microorganisms in acid soil[J].Acta Microbiologica Sinica,52(10):1251-1259.]
顾文杰,张发宝,徐培智,解开治,唐拴虎.2012a.筛选两株稻秆降解放线菌[J].微生物学报,52(9):1085-1093.[Gu WJ,Zhang F B,Xu P Z,Xie K Z,Tang S H.2012a.Screening of two straw-cellulose degrading actinomycetes[J].Acta Microbiologica Sinica,52(9):1085-1093.]
郭红,李进永,张大友,刘志生,张亚,许建权.2013.不同秸秆腐熟剂应用效果研究[J].现代农业科技,42(8):207-212.[Guo H,Li J Y,Zhang D Y,Liu Z S,Zhang Y,Xu J Q.2013.Study on the application effect of different straw maturation agents[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,42(8):207-212.]
郝涤非,唐小平,孟彩龙.2009.一株产木聚糖酶放线菌的选择性分离和鉴定[J].食品工业科技,30(12):200-203.[Hao D F,Tang X P,Meng C L.2009.Selective isolation and identification of an actinomycete exhibiting xylanase activity[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,30(12):200-203.]
黄丹莲.2011.堆肥微生物群落演替及木质素降解功能微生物强化堆肥机理研究[D].长沙:湖南大学.[Huang D L.2011.Microbial community succession and the mechanisms of solid waste composting by ligninolytic microorganism[D].Changsha:Hunan University.]
姜立春,阮期平,蒲忠慧,赵娟.2014.半纤维素降解菌J-16的筛选及产酶特性研究[J].环境科学与技术,37(7):55-60.[Jiang L C,Ruan Q P,Pu Z H,Zhao J.2014.Screening,identification and enzymatic analysis of hemicellulose degrading bacteria J-16[J].Environmental Science&Technology,37(7):55-60.]
江朝明,吴华德,黄斌良,杨齐,蓝建益.2016.一种用于动物粪便和秸秆的微生物腐熟剂及其制备方法:中国.CN105296394A[P].2016-02-03.[Jiang Z M,Wu H D,Huang B L,Yang Q,Lan J Y.2016.A microbial decomposing agent for animal manure and straw and its preparation method:China.CN105296394A[P].2016-02-03.]
李春杰,孙涛,张兴义.2015.秸秆腐熟剂对寒地玉米秸秆降解率和土壤理化性状影响[J].华北农学报,30(S1):507-510.[Li C J,Sun T,Zhang X Y.2015.Effects of straw-decomposing agent on degrading efficiency of maize straw andphysical and chemical properties of cold and black soil area in China[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali Sinica,30(S1):507-510.]
蔺盛勋.2013.利用玉米秸秆半纤维素降解产物发酵产乙醇菌株的筛选[D].保定:河北大学.[Lin S X.2013.Screening of ethanol fermentation strains using the hemicellulose degradation products of cornstalk[D].Baoding:Hebei University.]
刘尧.2010.玉米秸秆腐解复合菌系CSS-1的构建、菌群组成及腐解特性研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学.[Liu Y.2010.Construction,microbial community and decomposition characteristics for the complex microbial system CSS-1 of high decomposition efficiency for corn stalks[D].Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University.]
刘元东,刘香坤,姜玉琴,朱玉成,董旭勇,王风英,刘尚伟.2011.BM秸秆腐熟剂在小麦上的应用效果[J].河南农业科学,40(12):77-79.[Liu Y D,Liu X K,Jiang Y Q,Zhu Y C,Dong X Y,Wang F Y,Liu S W.2011.Research on BM applied straw decomposition inoculantin wheat production[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,40(12):77-79.]
陆娟娟,李太元,张扬,肖克宇,夏中生.2010.生孢噬纤维菌、酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌混合发酵稻草特性的研究[J].饲料广角,26(4):47-49.[Lu J J,Li T Y,Zhang Y,Xiao K Y,Xia Z S.2010.Study on the characteristics of mixed fermentation of Streptobacillus,Saccharomyces and Bacillus subtilis[J].Feed China,26(4):47-49.]
农传江,王宇蕴,徐智,和金鸿,刘雨萌,洪杨,汤利,张发宝.2016.有机物料腐熟剂对玉米和水稻秸秆还田效应的影响[J].西北农业学报,25(1):34-41.[Nong C J,Wang YY,Xu Z,He J H,Liu Y M,Hong Y,Tang L,Zhang F B.2016.Effects of organic matter-decomposition inoculanton maize and rice straw returning[J].Acta Ariculturae Borealioccidentalis Sinica,25(1):34-41.]
王宝民,张恩辰,张锦绣,张兴隆,黄佳.2016.一种酶-菌双联秸秆腐熟剂及其制备方法和使用方法:CN105368744A[P].2016-03-02.[Wang B M,Zhang E C,Zhang J X,Zhang X L,Huang J.2016.An enzyme-bacteria double straw decomposing agent and its preparing and using method:CN105368744A[P].2016-03-02.]
王海林,任波.2016.一种复合微生物秸秆腐熟剂及其制备方法:CN105272769A[P].2016-01-27.[Wang H L,Ren B.2016.A composite microbial stalk decomposing agent and its preparation method:CN105272769A[P].2016-01-27.]
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