基于Arps产量递减模型的页岩损失气量计算方法
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摘要
含气量是页岩气储层评价的关键参数,其准确测试是计算地质储量和确定开发方案的基础。为了准确计算页岩含气量测试中的损失气量,引入经典的Arps产量递减分析方法进行了页岩含气量的分析,建立了一种基于Arps产量递减模型的页岩损失气量计算新方法。气体解析速率递减曲线与气井产量递减曲线较为类似,应用双曲递减模型、指数递减模型及调和递减模型对其进行非线性拟合,分析表明调和递减模型的拟合效果较差,双曲递减和指数递减模型拟合效果均较好。并与常用的USBM直线法和多项式法进行了对比,发现Arps指数递减模型的计算结果均介于直线法和多项式法计算结果之间,计算结果更为准确、合理。在取心方式和计算方法确定的情况下,损失时间的确定是含气量计算中最重要的影响因素,分析认为目前的损失时间确定方法是不准确的,需结合现场实际情况进一步研究。
Gas content is the key parameter for shale gas reservoir evaluation,and its accurate measurement is the basis for calculating geological reserves and determining development plans.In order to accurately calculate the lost gas content in shale gas field-test,the classical Arps production decline analysis method was introduced to analyze the gas content of shale,and a new method for calculating the lost gas based on this model was established.The curve of gas desorption rate decline is similar to that of gas well production decline curve.The nonlinear fitting of hyperbolic decreasing model,exponential decline model and harmonic decreasing model were applied for nonlinear fitting.Analysis results show that the fitting effect of harmonic decreasing model is poor,and the fitting effect of hyperbolic decreasing and exponential decreasing model is much better.Compared with the commonly used USBM linear method and polynomial method,it is found that the calculated results of the Arps exponential decline model are between the results of the USBM linear method and the polynomial method,and the calculation results are more accurate and reasonable.The determination of the lost time is the most important factor in the calculation of gas content.It is considered that the current method of determining the lost time is inaccurate,and it is necessary to be further studied under the actual situation of shale gas field.
Gas content is the key parameter for shale gas reservoir evaluation,and its accurate measurement is the basis for calculating geological reserves and determining development plans.In order to accurately calculate the lost gas content in shale gas field-test,the classical Arps production decline analysis method was introduced to analyze the gas content of shale,and a new method for calculating the lost gas based on this model was established.The curve of gas desorption rate decline is similar to that of gas well production decline curve.The nonlinear fitting of hyperbolic decreasing model,exponential decline model and harmonic decreasing model were applied for nonlinear fitting.Analysis results show that the fitting effect of harmonic decreasing model is poor,and the fitting effect of hyperbolic decreasing and exponential decreasing model is much better.Compared with the commonly used USBM linear method and polynomial method,it is found that the calculated results of the Arps exponential decline model are between the results of the USBM linear method and the polynomial method,and the calculation results are more accurate and reasonable.The determination of the lost time is the most important factor in the calculation of gas content.It is considered that the current method of determining the lost time is inaccurate,and it is necessary to be further studied under the actual situation of shale gas field.
引文
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[25] National Energy Board.SY/T6940-2013Shale Gas Content Determination Method[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2014.国家能源局.SY/T6940-2013页岩气含气量测定方法[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2014.
[26] Xue Xiaohui,Yue Xiaojin,Wei Wei.Some suggestions in shale gas content measuring process[J].Coal Geology of China,2013,25(4):27-29.薛晓辉,岳小金,韦巍.页岩含气量测定过程中的几点建议[J].中国煤炭地质,2013,25(4):27-29.
[27] Hu Weixue,Xue Xiaohui,Li Wei,et al.Analysis and optimization on determination method of gas content of the shale[J].Sino-Global Energy,2014,19(11):61-65.胡微雪,薛晓辉,李维,等.页岩含气量测定方法分析与优化[J].中外能源,2014,19(11):61-65.
[28] Xue Xiaohui,Zeng Fanwu,Chen Lei,et al.Analysis and recommendations for shale gas content measurement during conventional coring[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2015,43(5):27-30.薛晓辉,曾凡武,陈磊,等.常规取心过程中页岩含气量解析测定分析及建议[J].煤田地质与勘探,2015,43(5):27-30.
[29] Arps J J.Analysis of decline curves[J].Transactions of the AIME,1945,160(1):228-247.
[30] Yu Rongze,Jiang Wei,Zhang Xiaowei,et al.A review of empirical production decline analysis methods for shale gas reservoir[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2018,23(1):109-116.于荣泽,姜巍,张晓伟,等.页岩气藏经验产量递减分析方法研究现状[J].中国石油勘探,2018,23(1):109-116.
[31] Zhang Diqiu,Li Zhiping,Su Hao.Production decline trend of shale gas[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(6):138-144.张荻萩,李治平,苏皓.页岩气产量递减规律研究[J].岩性油气藏,2015,27(6):138-144.
[32] Bai Yuhu,Yang Hao,Chen Guihua,et al.An uncertainty analysis method on typical production decline curve for shale gas reservoirs[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2013,41(4):97-100.白玉湖,杨皓,陈桂华,等.页岩气产量递减典型曲线的不确定性分析方法[J].石油钻探技术,2013,41(4):97-100.
[33] Duan Yonggang,Cao Tingkuan,Wang Rong,et al.Analysis on shale gas production with the power law exponential decline method[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2013,35(5):172-176.段永刚,曹廷宽,王容,等.页岩气产量幂律指数递减分析[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,35(5):172-176.
[2] Loucks R L,Reed R M,Ruppel S,et al.Morphology,genesis,and distribution of nanometer-scale pores in siliceousmudstones ofthe Mississippian Barnett shale[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2009,79(12):848-861.
[3] Ross D J K,Bustin R M.Characterizing the shale gas resource potential of Devonian-Miss issippian strata in the Western Canada sedimentary basin:Application of an integrated for mation evaluation[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(1):87-125.
[4] Zhou S,Yan G,Xue H,et al.2Dand 3Dnanopore characterization of gas shale in Longmaxi Formation based on FIBSEM[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,73:174-180.
[5] Li Yuxi,Qiao Dewu,Jiang Wenli,et al.Gas content of gasbearing shale and its geological evaluation summary[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2011,30(2/3):308-317.李玉喜,乔德武,姜文利,等.页岩气含气量和页岩气地质评价综述[J].地质通报,2011,30(2/3):308-317.
[6] Yao Guanghua,Wang Xiaoquan,Du Hongyu,et al.Applicability of USBM method in the test on shale gas content[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(6):802-806,814.姚光华,王晓泉,杜宏宇,等.USBM方法在页岩气含气量测试中的应性[J].石油学报,2016,37(6):802-806,814.
[7] Bertard C,Bruyet B,Gunther J.Determination of desorbable gas concentration of coal(direct method)[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science&Geomechanics Abstracts,1970,7(1):43-65.
[8] Kissell F N,Mcculloch C M,Elder C H.The direct method of determining methane content of coal beds for ventilation design[R].USA Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations,1973:1-17.
[9] Tang Ying,Zhang Jinchuan,Liu Zhujiang,et al.Use and improvement of the desorption method in shale gas content tests[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(10):108-112.唐颖,张金川,刘珠江,等.解析法测量页岩含气量及其方法的改进[J].天然气工业,2011,31(10):108-112.
[10] Qin Xiaoli,Li Rongxi,Wang Xiangzeng,et al.Measuring methods of shale gas content of Shanxi Formation in central and southern Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(10):1984-1991.覃小丽,李荣西,王香增,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中南部地区山西组泥页岩含气量测定及方法探讨[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(10):1984-1991.
[11] Mcculloch C M,Levine J R,Kissell F N,et al.Measuring the Methane Content of Bituminous Coalbeds[R].Report of Investigations 8043.US Bureau of Mines,Washington D.C.,1975.
[12] Chase R.A Comparison of Methods Used for Determining the Natural Gas Content of Coalbeds from Exploratory Cores[R].US Dept.of Energy.METC/CR-79/18.1979.
[13] Ulery J P,Hyman D M.The Modified Direct Method of Gas Content Determination:Application and Results[C].Proceeding ofthe Coalbed Methane Symposium,Tuscaloosa,Alabama,1991:489-500.
[14] Smith D M,Williams F L.Direct method of determining the methane content of coal-a modification[J].Fuel,1984,63,425-427.
[15] Diamond W,Schatzl S,Garcia F,et al.The modified direct method:A solution for obtaining accurate coal desorption measurements[C]//Proceedings of International Coalbed Methane Symposium,Tuscaloosa,Alabama,2001:331-342.
[16] Yee D,Seidle J P,Hanson W B.Gas sorption on coal and measurement of gas content[J].AAPG Studies in Geology,1993,38:208-213.
[17] Shtepanl E,Noll L A,Eloedl L W,et al.A new regressionbased method for accurate measurement of coal and shale gas content[J].SPE Journal,2010,13(2):359-363.
[18] Liu Honglin,Deng Ze,Liu Dexun,et al.Discussion on lost gas calculating methods in shale gas content testing[J].Oil Drilling&Production,2010,32(supplement):156-158.刘洪林,邓泽,刘德勋,等.页岩含气量测试中有关损失气量估算方法[J].石油钻采工艺,2010,32(增刊):156-158.
[19] Metcalfe R S,Yee D,Seidle J P,et al.Review of Research Efforts in Coalbed Methane Recovery[C].SPE-23025-MS,1991.
[20] Olszewski A J,Luffel D L,Hawkins J,et al.Development of formation-evaluation technology for coalbed methane[J].Quarterly Review of Methane from Coal Seams Technology,1992,9:32-34.
[21] Zhang Qun,Fan Zhangqun.Simulation experiment and result analysis on lost gas content of coalbed methane[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(12):1649-1654.张群,范章群.煤层气损失气含量模拟试验及结果分析[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(12):1649-1654.
[22] Xu Chengfa,Zhou Shengguo,Guo Shumin.Study on measurement method of coalbed gas contents[J].Journal of Henan Polythechnic University,2005,24(2):106-108.徐成法,周胜国,郭淑敏.煤层含气量测定方法探讨[J].河南理工大学学报,2005,24(2):106-108.
[23] China Coal Industry Association.GB/T 19559-2008Method of Determining Coalbed Gas Content[S].Beijing:China Standard Publishing House,2009.中国煤炭工业协会.GB/T 19559-2008煤层气含量测定方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[24] Pang Xiangwei.Rapid determination of coalbed methane content[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2010,38(1):29-32.庞湘伟.煤层气快速测定方法[J].煤田地质与勘探,2010,38(1):29-32.
[25] National Energy Board.SY/T6940-2013Shale Gas Content Determination Method[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2014.国家能源局.SY/T6940-2013页岩气含气量测定方法[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2014.
[26] Xue Xiaohui,Yue Xiaojin,Wei Wei.Some suggestions in shale gas content measuring process[J].Coal Geology of China,2013,25(4):27-29.薛晓辉,岳小金,韦巍.页岩含气量测定过程中的几点建议[J].中国煤炭地质,2013,25(4):27-29.
[27] Hu Weixue,Xue Xiaohui,Li Wei,et al.Analysis and optimization on determination method of gas content of the shale[J].Sino-Global Energy,2014,19(11):61-65.胡微雪,薛晓辉,李维,等.页岩含气量测定方法分析与优化[J].中外能源,2014,19(11):61-65.
[28] Xue Xiaohui,Zeng Fanwu,Chen Lei,et al.Analysis and recommendations for shale gas content measurement during conventional coring[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2015,43(5):27-30.薛晓辉,曾凡武,陈磊,等.常规取心过程中页岩含气量解析测定分析及建议[J].煤田地质与勘探,2015,43(5):27-30.
[29] Arps J J.Analysis of decline curves[J].Transactions of the AIME,1945,160(1):228-247.
[30] Yu Rongze,Jiang Wei,Zhang Xiaowei,et al.A review of empirical production decline analysis methods for shale gas reservoir[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2018,23(1):109-116.于荣泽,姜巍,张晓伟,等.页岩气藏经验产量递减分析方法研究现状[J].中国石油勘探,2018,23(1):109-116.
[31] Zhang Diqiu,Li Zhiping,Su Hao.Production decline trend of shale gas[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(6):138-144.张荻萩,李治平,苏皓.页岩气产量递减规律研究[J].岩性油气藏,2015,27(6):138-144.
[32] Bai Yuhu,Yang Hao,Chen Guihua,et al.An uncertainty analysis method on typical production decline curve for shale gas reservoirs[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2013,41(4):97-100.白玉湖,杨皓,陈桂华,等.页岩气产量递减典型曲线的不确定性分析方法[J].石油钻探技术,2013,41(4):97-100.
[33] Duan Yonggang,Cao Tingkuan,Wang Rong,et al.Analysis on shale gas production with the power law exponential decline method[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2013,35(5):172-176.段永刚,曹廷宽,王容,等.页岩气产量幂律指数递减分析[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,35(5):172-176.