基于GHM多小波的螺栓连接转子装配紧度定量检测方法
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摘要
螺栓连接转子是由螺栓将若干段转子或轮盘压紧组合而成的一种具有重量轻、强度高、刚性好、各级轮盘材料选择灵活等优点的典型转子结构形式,被广泛应用于航空发动机与燃气轮机。针对螺栓连接转子装配中存在的盲装、试装、装配紧度一致性差、服役中螺栓紧度退化与松动故障,提出了一种基于GHM多小波的螺栓装配紧度定量检测方法。采用兼备对称性、紧支性、正交性、高阶消失矩等优良特性的GHM多小波对螺栓连接转子螺栓装配状态进行特征提取,通过多小波相对能量分布特征定义了装配紧度定量指标,通过实验验证表明所提出的方法可以准确识别螺栓六种由紧到松的状态。
The bolted rotor is a typical rotor structure with light weight, high strength, good rigidity, flexible selection of all kinds of wheel materials, etc., which is formed by pressing and combining several sections of rotors or discs and is widely used in aero-engines and gas turbines. Aiming at blind assembly, trail assembly and inconsistent assembly tightness of bolted rotor, and the degradation and loosening of bolt tightness in service, a quantitative detection method of bolt assembly quality based on GHM multiwavelet was proposed. Using the GHM multiwavelet with excellent characteristics such as symmetry, compactness, orthogonality, vanishing moment and high order vanishing moment, feature extraction of the bolted rotor assembly tightness states was performed. The quantitative detection index of assembly quality was defined by the relative energy band distribution based on multiwavelet. The experimental verification shows that the proposed method can accurately identify six kinds of bolt states from tightness to looseness.
The bolted rotor is a typical rotor structure with light weight, high strength, good rigidity, flexible selection of all kinds of wheel materials, etc., which is formed by pressing and combining several sections of rotors or discs and is widely used in aero-engines and gas turbines. Aiming at blind assembly, trail assembly and inconsistent assembly tightness of bolted rotor, and the degradation and loosening of bolt tightness in service, a quantitative detection method of bolt assembly quality based on GHM multiwavelet was proposed. Using the GHM multiwavelet with excellent characteristics such as symmetry, compactness, orthogonality, vanishing moment and high order vanishing moment, feature extraction of the bolted rotor assembly tightness states was performed. The quantitative detection index of assembly quality was defined by the relative energy band distribution based on multiwavelet. The experimental verification shows that the proposed method can accurately identify six kinds of bolt states from tightness to looseness.
引文
[1] 孙丹,李玩幽,吕秉琳.螺栓连接结构力学建模方法概述[J].噪声与振动控制,2012,32(06):8-12.SUN Dan, LI WanYou, LV BingLin. Review of structural modeling methods for bolted joints[J]. Noise & Vibration Control, 2012, 32(6):8-12 (In Chinese).
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[3] 李院生, 张广鹏, 解芳芳, 等. 一种螺栓结合部刚度四点等效方法[J]. 机械强度, 2017, 39(3): 642-646.LI YuanSheng, ZHANG GuangPeng, XIE FangFang, et al. A four-point equivalent method of the bolted joints stiffness[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2017, 39(3): 642-646 (In Chinese).
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[8] Wang H Y, Qin Z Y, Chu F L. Effect of Bolt Number on Joint Stiffness of Disc and Drum Connected by Bolted Joints[C]// International Conference on Electrical, Automation and Mechanical Engineering. 2015:165-167.
[9] Qin Z, Han Q, Chu F. Bolt loosening at rotating joint interface and its influence on rotor dynamics[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2016(59):456-466.
[10] 张子阳, 谢寿生, 彭靖波, 等. 基于非线性阻尼的航空发动机高压转子拉杆结构装配检测方法[J]. 航空学报, 2012, 33(3):470-478.ZHANG ZiYang, XIE ShouSheng, PENG JingBo, et al. Assembly variation detection for rod fastening rotor of high pressure spool in aero-engine based on nonlinear damping identification[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2012, 33(3):470-478(In Chinese).
[11] 余坚, 谢寿生, 任立通, 等. 拉杆转子装配振动检测分形研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2014, 33(14):84-88.YU Jian, XIE ShouSheng, REN LiTong, et al. Fractal research on the assembly vibration detection of rod fastening rotor[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2014, 33(14):84-88 (In Chinese).
[12] 程正兴, 张玲玲. 多小波分析与应用[J]. 工程数学学报, 2001, 18 (1): 99-107.CHENG ZhengXing, ZHANG LingLing. Analysis of Multiwavelet and application[J]. Journal of Engineering Mathematics, 2001, 18 (1): 99-107 (In Chinese).
[13] 崔明义. 多小波阈值的遗传算法消噪变异[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2016, 52(10): 1-5.CUI MingYi. Denoising mutation of genetic algorithm on multiwavelet thresholding[J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2016, 52(10): 1-5 (In chinese).
[14] 马建仓, 孟凡路. 多小波在振动信号降噪中的应用[J]. 计算机仿真, 2010 (8): 48-51.MA JianCang, MENG FanLu. Application of Multiwavelet in vibration signal denosing[J]. Computer Simulation,2010 (8): 48-51 (In Chinese).
[15] 何正嘉, 袁静, 訾艳阳, 等. 机械故障诊断内积变换原理与验证[J]. 振动、测试与诊断, 2012, 32(2): 175-185.HE ZhengJia, YUAN Jing, ZI YanYang, et al. Inner product principle of mechanical fault diagnosis and validation [J]. Journal of Vibration, Measurement & Diagnosis,2012, 32(2): 175-185 (In Chinese).
[16] Strela V, Heller P N, Strang G, et al. The application of multiwavelet filterbanks to image processing[J]. IEEE Transactions on image processing, 1999, 8(4): 548-563.
[17] Strela V. Multiwavelets--theory and applications[D]. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996: 5-7.
[18] Li R, Wu G. The orthogonal interpolating balanced multiwavelet with rational coefficients[J]. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 2009, 41(2): 892-899.
[19] Wang X, Zi Y, He Z. Multiwavelet construction via an adaptive symmetric lifting scheme and its applications for rotating machinery fault diagnosis[J]. Measurement science and technology, 2009, 20(4): 045103.
[20] Xie C, Yang S. Construction of refinable function vector via GTST[J]. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 2007, 194(2): 425-430.
[21] Strang G, Nguyen T. Wavelets and filter banks[M]. Cambridge, UK: Wellesley-Cambridge Press, 1996: 90-121.
[22] Strela V, Heller P N, Strang G, et al. The application of multiwavelet filterbanks to image processing[J]. IEEE Transactions on image processing, 1999, 8(4): 548-563.
[23] 姜洪开. 第二代小波构造理论研究及其在故障特征提取中的应用[D]. 西安:西安交通大学, 2006:11-25.Jiang Hongkai. Research on Second Generation Wavelet Construction Theory and Its Applications in Fault Feature Extraction[D]. Xi’an:Xi’an Jiaotong University,2006: 11-25 (In Chinese).
[24] 何正嘉, 訾艳阳, 张西宁. 现代信号处理技术及应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社, 2006:125-127.HE ZhengJia, ZI YanYang, ZHANG XiNing. Modern signal processing technology and its application[M]. Xi′an: Xi′an Jiaotong University Press,2006: 11-25(In Chinese).
[2] 陈国达,郗枫飞,计时鸣,等.螺栓无损检测方法综述[J].制造技术与机床,2017(11):22-28.CHEN GuoDa, XI FengFei, JI ShiMing, et al. Review of nondestructive testing methods for bolts[J].Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool,2017(11):22-28 (In Chinese).
[3] 李院生, 张广鹏, 解芳芳, 等. 一种螺栓结合部刚度四点等效方法[J]. 机械强度, 2017, 39(3): 642-646.LI YuanSheng, ZHANG GuangPeng, XIE FangFang, et al. A four-point equivalent method of the bolted joints stiffness[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2017, 39(3): 642-646 (In Chinese).
[4] 张小丽, 王保建, 陈雪峰,等. 航空发动机可拆卸盘鼓型转子拉杆螺栓装配紧度辨识方法[J]. 航空动力学报, 2015, 30(8):1967-1974.ZHANG XiaoLi, WANG BaoJian, CHEN XueFeng, et al. Stay bolt assembly tightness identification method for dismountable disk-and-drum rotor of aero-engine[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2015, 30(8):1967-1974 (In Chinese).
[5] Eccles, William. Tribological aspects of the self-loosening of threaded fasteners[D]. University of Central Lancashire, 2010: 11-12.
[6] Saigal A, Jensen L, James T. Impact of Bolt-Nut Interface Modeling Assumptions on the Calculated Low Cycle Fatigue Life of Aircraft Engine Turbine Rotor Bolted Joints[C]// ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. 2013:V001T01A022.
[7] Dai W, Lu Z, Chu J, et al. Creep behavior analysis, optimization and reliability evaluation for bolted joints of engine rotor[C]// Reliability and Maintainability Symposium. IEEE, 2016:1-6.
[8] Wang H Y, Qin Z Y, Chu F L. Effect of Bolt Number on Joint Stiffness of Disc and Drum Connected by Bolted Joints[C]// International Conference on Electrical, Automation and Mechanical Engineering. 2015:165-167.
[9] Qin Z, Han Q, Chu F. Bolt loosening at rotating joint interface and its influence on rotor dynamics[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2016(59):456-466.
[10] 张子阳, 谢寿生, 彭靖波, 等. 基于非线性阻尼的航空发动机高压转子拉杆结构装配检测方法[J]. 航空学报, 2012, 33(3):470-478.ZHANG ZiYang, XIE ShouSheng, PENG JingBo, et al. Assembly variation detection for rod fastening rotor of high pressure spool in aero-engine based on nonlinear damping identification[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2012, 33(3):470-478(In Chinese).
[11] 余坚, 谢寿生, 任立通, 等. 拉杆转子装配振动检测分形研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2014, 33(14):84-88.YU Jian, XIE ShouSheng, REN LiTong, et al. Fractal research on the assembly vibration detection of rod fastening rotor[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2014, 33(14):84-88 (In Chinese).
[12] 程正兴, 张玲玲. 多小波分析与应用[J]. 工程数学学报, 2001, 18 (1): 99-107.CHENG ZhengXing, ZHANG LingLing. Analysis of Multiwavelet and application[J]. Journal of Engineering Mathematics, 2001, 18 (1): 99-107 (In Chinese).
[13] 崔明义. 多小波阈值的遗传算法消噪变异[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2016, 52(10): 1-5.CUI MingYi. Denoising mutation of genetic algorithm on multiwavelet thresholding[J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2016, 52(10): 1-5 (In chinese).
[14] 马建仓, 孟凡路. 多小波在振动信号降噪中的应用[J]. 计算机仿真, 2010 (8): 48-51.MA JianCang, MENG FanLu. Application of Multiwavelet in vibration signal denosing[J]. Computer Simulation,2010 (8): 48-51 (In Chinese).
[15] 何正嘉, 袁静, 訾艳阳, 等. 机械故障诊断内积变换原理与验证[J]. 振动、测试与诊断, 2012, 32(2): 175-185.HE ZhengJia, YUAN Jing, ZI YanYang, et al. Inner product principle of mechanical fault diagnosis and validation [J]. Journal of Vibration, Measurement & Diagnosis,2012, 32(2): 175-185 (In Chinese).
[16] Strela V, Heller P N, Strang G, et al. The application of multiwavelet filterbanks to image processing[J]. IEEE Transactions on image processing, 1999, 8(4): 548-563.
[17] Strela V. Multiwavelets--theory and applications[D]. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996: 5-7.
[18] Li R, Wu G. The orthogonal interpolating balanced multiwavelet with rational coefficients[J]. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 2009, 41(2): 892-899.
[19] Wang X, Zi Y, He Z. Multiwavelet construction via an adaptive symmetric lifting scheme and its applications for rotating machinery fault diagnosis[J]. Measurement science and technology, 2009, 20(4): 045103.
[20] Xie C, Yang S. Construction of refinable function vector via GTST[J]. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 2007, 194(2): 425-430.
[21] Strang G, Nguyen T. Wavelets and filter banks[M]. Cambridge, UK: Wellesley-Cambridge Press, 1996: 90-121.
[22] Strela V, Heller P N, Strang G, et al. The application of multiwavelet filterbanks to image processing[J]. IEEE Transactions on image processing, 1999, 8(4): 548-563.
[23] 姜洪开. 第二代小波构造理论研究及其在故障特征提取中的应用[D]. 西安:西安交通大学, 2006:11-25.Jiang Hongkai. Research on Second Generation Wavelet Construction Theory and Its Applications in Fault Feature Extraction[D]. Xi’an:Xi’an Jiaotong University,2006: 11-25 (In Chinese).
[24] 何正嘉, 訾艳阳, 张西宁. 现代信号处理技术及应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社, 2006:125-127.HE ZhengJia, ZI YanYang, ZHANG XiNing. Modern signal processing technology and its application[M]. Xi′an: Xi′an Jiaotong University Press,2006: 11-25(In Chinese).