地幔对流拖曳力影响青藏高原东北缘地壳运动格局的数值模拟研究
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摘要
基于近期关于青藏高原东北缘岩石圈速度、流变结构和地壳形变的观测和研究结果,建立了青藏高原东北部岩石圈三维有限元模型,并考虑了地幔对流拖曳力、高原重力势能、块体间相互作用等外部和内部条件对青藏高原东北缘岩石圈现今运动格局的控制作用.将地表运动速率的数值模拟结果与观测结果进行比较,结果表明:活动地块相互作用和高原地形蓄积的重力势能对高原内部向高原边缘逐渐变小的地壳运动特征具有控制作用,而以往关注不多的地幔对流拖曳力对青藏高原内部的地壳运动方向具有明显的控制作用;此外,基于岩石圈水平运动速率与下伏地幔对流速度差异、地震波各向异性观测提出的不同地块垂直连贯变形差异等观点,提出模型范围不同地块岩石圈底部地幔拖曳力作用强度存在差异的设想,并引入了地幔拖曳力强度因子并进行数值模拟,得到的地表形变速率模拟结果与GPS观测结果更为一致,模拟结果进一步支持了地震波各向异性观测提出的观点,即不同地块的壳幔耦合程度存在显著差异.
引文
陈运泰,杨智娴,张勇,刘超.2013.从汶川地震到芦山地震.中国科学:地球科学,43:1064-1072
崔笃信,王庆良,胡亚轩,王文萍,梁伟锋.2009.青藏高原东北缘岩石圈变形及其机理.地球物理学报,52:1490-1499
方颖,江在森,张晶,武艳强.2009.青藏高原现今高分辨率地壳运动特征.地球科学--中国地质大学学报,34:399-404
傅容珊,黄建华,徐耀民,常筱华.1998.青藏高原-天山地区岩石层构造运动的地幔动力学机制.地球物理学报,41:658-668
傅容珊,黄建华,董树谦,张群山,常筱华.2003.利用地震层析成像数据计算地幔对流新模型的探讨.地球物理学报,46:772-778
傅容珊,王景赟,常筱华,黄建华,戴志阳,查显杰.2005.上地幔密度异常驱动小尺度对流及实验模型.地震学报,27:25-32
葛伟鹏,王敏,沈正康,袁道阳,郑文俊.2013.柴达木-祁连山地块内部震间上地壳块体运动特征与变形模式研究.地球物理学报,56:2994-3010
郝明,秦姗兰,李煜航,常筱华.2014.青藏高原东北缘近期地壳水平运动研究.大地测量与地球动力学,34:99-103
黄建平,傅容珊,郑勇,薛霆虓,刘峡,韩立波.2008.地幔对流拖曳力对中国大陆岩石层变形的影响.地球物理学报,51:1048-1057
李强,游新兆,杨少敏,杜瑞林,乔学军,邹蓉,王琪.2012.中国大陆构造变形高精度大密度GPS监测--现今速度场.中国科学:地球科学,42:629-632
李煜航,崔笃信,郝明.2015.利用GPS数据反演青藏高原东北缘主要活动断裂滑动速率.地球科学--中国地质大学学报,40:1767-1780
李祖宁,傅容珊,黄建华.2002.剥蚀及地幔作用下青藏高原隆升过程的数值模拟.地球物理学报,45:516-524
石耀霖,曹建玲.2008.中国大陆岩石圈等效黏滞系数的计算与讨论.地学前缘,15:82-95
孙玉军,董树文,范桃园,张怀,石耀霖.2013.中国大陆及邻区岩石圈三维流变结构.地球物理学报,56:2936-2946
滕吉文,白登海,杨辉,闫雅芬,张洪双,张永谦,阮小敏.2008.2008汶川MS8.0地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应.地球物理学报,51:1385-1402
王晓芳,何建坤.2012.下地壳管道流动与青藏高原东缘大尺度构造地貌关系.中国科学:地球科学,42:505-512
熊熊,滕吉文.2002.青藏高原东缘地壳运动与深部过程研究.地球物理学报,45:507-515
熊熊,傅容珊,滕吉文,许厚泽.2005.青藏高原的地幔动力学的研究.地球科学进展,20:970-979
熊熊,单斌,王继业,郑勇.2010.蒙古-贝加尔地区上地幔小尺度对流及地球动力学意义.地球物理学报,53:1594-1604
许志琴,杨经绥,李海兵,张建新,曾令森,姜枚.2006.青藏高原与大陆动力学-地体拼合、碰撞造山及高原隆升的深部驱动力.中国地质,33:221-238
袁道阳,张培震,刘百篪,甘卫军,毛凤英,王志才,郑文俊,郭华.2004.青藏高原东北缘晚第四纪活动构造的几何图像与构造转换.地质学报,78:270-278
尹祥础.1985.固体力学.北京:地震出版社
张东宁,袁松湧,沈正康.2007.青藏高原现代地壳运动与活动断裂带关系的模拟实验.地球物理学报,50:153-162
张培震,邓起东,张国民,马瑾,甘卫军,闵伟,毛凤英,王琪.2003.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块.中国科学D辑:地球科学,33(增刊):12-20
张培震,邓起东,张竹琪,李海兵.2013.中国大陆的活动断裂、地震灾害及其动力过程.中国科学:地球科学,43:1607-1620
郑文俊,张培震,袁道阳,郑德文.2009.GPS观测及断裂晚第四纪滑动速率所反映的青藏高原北部变形.地球物理学报,52:2491-2508
郑勇,傅容珊,熊熊.2006.中国大陆及周边地区现代岩石圈演化动力学模拟.地球物理学报,49:415-427
祝爱玉,张东宁,蒋长胜.2015.安宁河-则木河-小江断裂带应力状态分段特征的数值模拟研究.中国科学:地球科学,45:1839-1852
朱涛.2017.欧亚板块运动对中国大陆岩石圈底部地幔对流速度场和水平剪切应力场的影响.地学前缘,24:192-206
ADINA R&D.Inc.June 2010.Theory and Modeling Guide Volume I:ADINA,Report ARD 10-7
Becker T W,Faccenna C.2011.Mantle conveyor beneath the Tethyan collisional belt.Earth Planet Sci Lett,310:453-461
Bird P.1999.Thin-plate and thin-shell finite-element programs for forward dynamic modeling of plate deformation and faulting.Comput Geosci,25:383-394
Bird P,Liu Z,Rucker W K.2008.Stresses that drive the plates from below:Definitions,computational path,model optimization,and error analysis.J Geophys Res,113:B11406
Bourne S J,England P C,Parsons B.1998.The motion of crustal blocks driven by flow of the lower lithosphere and implications for slip rates of continental strike-slip faults.Nature,391:655-659
Chang L J,Ding Z F,Wang C Y,Flesch L M.2017.Vertical coherence of deformation in lithosphere in the NE margin of the Tibetan plateau using GPS and shear-wave splitting data.Tectonophysics,699:93-101
Chen L,Capitanio F A,Liu L J,Gerya T V.2017.Crustal rheology controls on the Tibetan plateau formation during India-Asia convergence.Nat Commun,8:15992
Faccenna C,Becker T W,Conrad C P,Husson L.2013.Mountain building and mantle dynamics.Tectonics,32:80-93
Flesch L M,Haines A J,Holt W E.2001.Dynamics of the IndiaEurasia collision zone.J Geophys Res,106:16435-16460
Flesch L M,Holt W E,Silver P G,Stephenson M,Wang C Y,Chan WW.2005.Constraining the extent of crust-mantle coupling in central Asia using GPS,geologic,and shear wave splitting data.Earth Planet Sci Lett,238:248-268
He J K,Lu S J,Wang W M.2013.Three-dimensional mechanical modeling of the GPS velocity field around the northeastern Tibetan plateau and surrounding regions.Tectonophysics,584:257-266
Heidbach O,Tingay M,Barth A,Reinecker J,Kurfe?D,Müller B.2010.Global crustal stress pattern based on the World Stress Map database release 2008.Tectonophysics,482:3-15
Huang J,Zhong S.2005.Sublithospheric small-scale convection and its implications for the residual topography at old ocean basins and the plate model.J Geophys Res,110:B05404
Li Y H,Wu Q J,Pan J T,Zhang F X,Yu D X.2013.An upper-mantle S-wave velocity model for East Asia from Rayleigh wave tomography.Earth Planet Sci Lett,377-378:367-377
Liang S M,Gan W J,Shen C Z,Xiao G R,Liu J,Chen W T,Ding X G,Zhou D M.2013.Three-dimensional velocity field of present-day crustal motion of the Tibetan Plateau derived from GPS measurements.J Geophys Res-Solid Earth,118:5722-5732
Liu M,Yang Y Q.2003.Extensional collapse of the Tibetan Plateau:Results of three-dimensional finite element modeling.J Geophys Res,108:2361
Steinberger B,Schmeling H,Marquart G.2001.Large-scale lithospheric stress field and topography induced by global mantle circulation.Earth Planet Sci Lett,186:75-91
Stolk W,Kaban M,Beekman F,Tesauro M,Mooney W D,Cloetingh S.2013.High resolution regional crustal models from irregularly distributed data:Application to Asia and adjacent areas.Tectonophysics,602:55-68
Wang X C,Li Y H,Ding Z F,Zhu L P,Wang C Y,Bao X W,Wu Y.2017.Three-dimensional lithospheric S wave velocity model of the NE Tibetan Plateau and western North China Craton.J Geophys Res-Solid Earth,122:6703-6720
Xu T,Wu Z B,Zhang Z J,Tian X B,Deng Y F,Wu C J,Teng J W.2014.Crustal structure across the Kunlun fault from passive source seismic profiling in East Tibet.Tectonophysics,627:98-107
Zhu T.2014.Tomography-based mantle flow beneath Mongolia-Baikal area.Phys Earth Planet Inter,237:40-50
Zhu T.2016.Lithospheric stress and uppermantle dynamics in mainland China due to mantle flow based on combination of global-and regional-scale seismic tomography.J Asian Earth Sci,132:103-117
崔笃信,王庆良,胡亚轩,王文萍,梁伟锋.2009.青藏高原东北缘岩石圈变形及其机理.地球物理学报,52:1490-1499
方颖,江在森,张晶,武艳强.2009.青藏高原现今高分辨率地壳运动特征.地球科学--中国地质大学学报,34:399-404
傅容珊,黄建华,徐耀民,常筱华.1998.青藏高原-天山地区岩石层构造运动的地幔动力学机制.地球物理学报,41:658-668
傅容珊,黄建华,董树谦,张群山,常筱华.2003.利用地震层析成像数据计算地幔对流新模型的探讨.地球物理学报,46:772-778
傅容珊,王景赟,常筱华,黄建华,戴志阳,查显杰.2005.上地幔密度异常驱动小尺度对流及实验模型.地震学报,27:25-32
葛伟鹏,王敏,沈正康,袁道阳,郑文俊.2013.柴达木-祁连山地块内部震间上地壳块体运动特征与变形模式研究.地球物理学报,56:2994-3010
郝明,秦姗兰,李煜航,常筱华.2014.青藏高原东北缘近期地壳水平运动研究.大地测量与地球动力学,34:99-103
黄建平,傅容珊,郑勇,薛霆虓,刘峡,韩立波.2008.地幔对流拖曳力对中国大陆岩石层变形的影响.地球物理学报,51:1048-1057
李强,游新兆,杨少敏,杜瑞林,乔学军,邹蓉,王琪.2012.中国大陆构造变形高精度大密度GPS监测--现今速度场.中国科学:地球科学,42:629-632
李煜航,崔笃信,郝明.2015.利用GPS数据反演青藏高原东北缘主要活动断裂滑动速率.地球科学--中国地质大学学报,40:1767-1780
李祖宁,傅容珊,黄建华.2002.剥蚀及地幔作用下青藏高原隆升过程的数值模拟.地球物理学报,45:516-524
石耀霖,曹建玲.2008.中国大陆岩石圈等效黏滞系数的计算与讨论.地学前缘,15:82-95
孙玉军,董树文,范桃园,张怀,石耀霖.2013.中国大陆及邻区岩石圈三维流变结构.地球物理学报,56:2936-2946
滕吉文,白登海,杨辉,闫雅芬,张洪双,张永谦,阮小敏.2008.2008汶川MS8.0地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应.地球物理学报,51:1385-1402
王晓芳,何建坤.2012.下地壳管道流动与青藏高原东缘大尺度构造地貌关系.中国科学:地球科学,42:505-512
熊熊,滕吉文.2002.青藏高原东缘地壳运动与深部过程研究.地球物理学报,45:507-515
熊熊,傅容珊,滕吉文,许厚泽.2005.青藏高原的地幔动力学的研究.地球科学进展,20:970-979
熊熊,单斌,王继业,郑勇.2010.蒙古-贝加尔地区上地幔小尺度对流及地球动力学意义.地球物理学报,53:1594-1604
许志琴,杨经绥,李海兵,张建新,曾令森,姜枚.2006.青藏高原与大陆动力学-地体拼合、碰撞造山及高原隆升的深部驱动力.中国地质,33:221-238
袁道阳,张培震,刘百篪,甘卫军,毛凤英,王志才,郑文俊,郭华.2004.青藏高原东北缘晚第四纪活动构造的几何图像与构造转换.地质学报,78:270-278
尹祥础.1985.固体力学.北京:地震出版社
张东宁,袁松湧,沈正康.2007.青藏高原现代地壳运动与活动断裂带关系的模拟实验.地球物理学报,50:153-162
张培震,邓起东,张国民,马瑾,甘卫军,闵伟,毛凤英,王琪.2003.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块.中国科学D辑:地球科学,33(增刊):12-20
张培震,邓起东,张竹琪,李海兵.2013.中国大陆的活动断裂、地震灾害及其动力过程.中国科学:地球科学,43:1607-1620
郑文俊,张培震,袁道阳,郑德文.2009.GPS观测及断裂晚第四纪滑动速率所反映的青藏高原北部变形.地球物理学报,52:2491-2508
郑勇,傅容珊,熊熊.2006.中国大陆及周边地区现代岩石圈演化动力学模拟.地球物理学报,49:415-427
祝爱玉,张东宁,蒋长胜.2015.安宁河-则木河-小江断裂带应力状态分段特征的数值模拟研究.中国科学:地球科学,45:1839-1852
朱涛.2017.欧亚板块运动对中国大陆岩石圈底部地幔对流速度场和水平剪切应力场的影响.地学前缘,24:192-206
ADINA R&D.Inc.June 2010.Theory and Modeling Guide Volume I:ADINA,Report ARD 10-7
Becker T W,Faccenna C.2011.Mantle conveyor beneath the Tethyan collisional belt.Earth Planet Sci Lett,310:453-461
Bird P.1999.Thin-plate and thin-shell finite-element programs for forward dynamic modeling of plate deformation and faulting.Comput Geosci,25:383-394
Bird P,Liu Z,Rucker W K.2008.Stresses that drive the plates from below:Definitions,computational path,model optimization,and error analysis.J Geophys Res,113:B11406
Bourne S J,England P C,Parsons B.1998.The motion of crustal blocks driven by flow of the lower lithosphere and implications for slip rates of continental strike-slip faults.Nature,391:655-659
Chang L J,Ding Z F,Wang C Y,Flesch L M.2017.Vertical coherence of deformation in lithosphere in the NE margin of the Tibetan plateau using GPS and shear-wave splitting data.Tectonophysics,699:93-101
Chen L,Capitanio F A,Liu L J,Gerya T V.2017.Crustal rheology controls on the Tibetan plateau formation during India-Asia convergence.Nat Commun,8:15992
Faccenna C,Becker T W,Conrad C P,Husson L.2013.Mountain building and mantle dynamics.Tectonics,32:80-93
Flesch L M,Haines A J,Holt W E.2001.Dynamics of the IndiaEurasia collision zone.J Geophys Res,106:16435-16460
Flesch L M,Holt W E,Silver P G,Stephenson M,Wang C Y,Chan WW.2005.Constraining the extent of crust-mantle coupling in central Asia using GPS,geologic,and shear wave splitting data.Earth Planet Sci Lett,238:248-268
He J K,Lu S J,Wang W M.2013.Three-dimensional mechanical modeling of the GPS velocity field around the northeastern Tibetan plateau and surrounding regions.Tectonophysics,584:257-266
Heidbach O,Tingay M,Barth A,Reinecker J,Kurfe?D,Müller B.2010.Global crustal stress pattern based on the World Stress Map database release 2008.Tectonophysics,482:3-15
Huang J,Zhong S.2005.Sublithospheric small-scale convection and its implications for the residual topography at old ocean basins and the plate model.J Geophys Res,110:B05404
Li Y H,Wu Q J,Pan J T,Zhang F X,Yu D X.2013.An upper-mantle S-wave velocity model for East Asia from Rayleigh wave tomography.Earth Planet Sci Lett,377-378:367-377
Liang S M,Gan W J,Shen C Z,Xiao G R,Liu J,Chen W T,Ding X G,Zhou D M.2013.Three-dimensional velocity field of present-day crustal motion of the Tibetan Plateau derived from GPS measurements.J Geophys Res-Solid Earth,118:5722-5732
Liu M,Yang Y Q.2003.Extensional collapse of the Tibetan Plateau:Results of three-dimensional finite element modeling.J Geophys Res,108:2361
Steinberger B,Schmeling H,Marquart G.2001.Large-scale lithospheric stress field and topography induced by global mantle circulation.Earth Planet Sci Lett,186:75-91
Stolk W,Kaban M,Beekman F,Tesauro M,Mooney W D,Cloetingh S.2013.High resolution regional crustal models from irregularly distributed data:Application to Asia and adjacent areas.Tectonophysics,602:55-68
Wang X C,Li Y H,Ding Z F,Zhu L P,Wang C Y,Bao X W,Wu Y.2017.Three-dimensional lithospheric S wave velocity model of the NE Tibetan Plateau and western North China Craton.J Geophys Res-Solid Earth,122:6703-6720
Xu T,Wu Z B,Zhang Z J,Tian X B,Deng Y F,Wu C J,Teng J W.2014.Crustal structure across the Kunlun fault from passive source seismic profiling in East Tibet.Tectonophysics,627:98-107
Zhu T.2014.Tomography-based mantle flow beneath Mongolia-Baikal area.Phys Earth Planet Inter,237:40-50
Zhu T.2016.Lithospheric stress and uppermantle dynamics in mainland China due to mantle flow based on combination of global-and regional-scale seismic tomography.J Asian Earth Sci,132:103-117