2018年北京市社区居民冰箱食源性致病菌污染状况分析研究
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摘要
目的了解社区居民家用冰箱食源性致病菌污染现状。方法从北京市选择5个区的359户居民,对居民家中的冰箱微生物污染状况进行检测与分析。分别对冰箱冷藏室的隔板和底部进行涂抹采样,并采用标准方法对采集的涂抹样品进行4种微生物检测。结果在6月份、8月份和10月份共采集冰箱冷藏室涂抹样品718件,其中大肠菌群、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌阳性率分别为48.05%、0.14%、0.42%、1.25%。冰箱冷藏室底部涂抹样品359件,大肠菌群、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌阳性率分别为50.70%、0.00%、0.56%、0.84%。冰箱冷藏室隔板涂抹样品359件,大肠菌群、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌阳性率分别为45.40%、0.28%、0.28%、1.67%;大肠菌群在8月份检出率最高。结论家用冰箱冷藏室内部有食源性致病菌检出,存在安全隐患,居民应定期清洗冰箱,预防食源性疾病的发生。
Objective To investigate the present situation of food-borne pathogenic bacteria contamination in community household refrigerators. Methods Totally 359 households in 5 districts of Beijing city were selected to detect and analyze the microbial contamination of refrigerators. The separators and bottom of refrigerator freezer were smeared and sampled separately, and 4 kinds of microorganisms were detected by standard method. Results Totally 718 smear samples were collected from refrigerators in the months of June, August and October. The positive rates of coliforms, Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica and Staphylococcus aureus were 48.05%, 0.14%,0.42% and 1.25%, respectively. For the 359 samples collected from the bottom of refrigerators, the positive rates of coliforms, L. monocytogenes, Y. enterocolitica, and S.aureus were 50.70%, 0.00%, 0.56%, and 0.84%, respectively.For the 359 samples collected from separators of refrigerators, the positive rates of coliforms, L. monocytogenes, Y.enterocolitica, and S. aureus were 45.40%, 0.28%, 0.28%, and 1.67%, respectively. Coliforms had the highest detection rate in August. Conclusion Food-borne pathogens are detected in the refrigerator compartment of household refrigerators, which poses a food safety hazard threat. Residents should regularly clean the refrigerator to prevent foodborne diseases.
Objective To investigate the present situation of food-borne pathogenic bacteria contamination in community household refrigerators. Methods Totally 359 households in 5 districts of Beijing city were selected to detect and analyze the microbial contamination of refrigerators. The separators and bottom of refrigerator freezer were smeared and sampled separately, and 4 kinds of microorganisms were detected by standard method. Results Totally 718 smear samples were collected from refrigerators in the months of June, August and October. The positive rates of coliforms, Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica and Staphylococcus aureus were 48.05%, 0.14%,0.42% and 1.25%, respectively. For the 359 samples collected from the bottom of refrigerators, the positive rates of coliforms, L. monocytogenes, Y. enterocolitica, and S.aureus were 50.70%, 0.00%, 0.56%, and 0.84%, respectively.For the 359 samples collected from separators of refrigerators, the positive rates of coliforms, L. monocytogenes, Y.enterocolitica, and S. aureus were 45.40%, 0.28%, 0.28%, and 1.67%, respectively. Coliforms had the highest detection rate in August. Conclusion Food-borne pathogens are detected in the refrigerator compartment of household refrigerators, which poses a food safety hazard threat. Residents should regularly clean the refrigerator to prevent foodborne diseases.
引文
[1]羊宋贞,冯广达,姚青,等.家庭冰箱中的微生物种类调查[J].生物技术通报,2013,2:195-200.Yang SZ,Feng GD,Yao Q,et al.Investigation of microbial species in domestic refrigerator[J].Biotech Bull,2013,2:195-200.
[2]国家质量监督监督检验检疫总局.美国蓝铃冰激凌受李斯特杆菌污染事件舆情汇总[EB/OL].[2015-04-28].[2017-05-11].http://www.aqsiq.gov.cn/xxgk_13386/zxxxgk/201504/t20150428_437458.Htm.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine.Summary of the US bluebell ice cream caused by Listeria contamination[EB/OL].[2015-04-28].[2017-05-11].http://www.aqsiq.gov.cn/xxgk_13386/zxxxgk/201504/t20150428_437458.Htm.
[3]钟瑞美,尹本康,梁柏年,等.江门市区2014-2015年学校、家庭、酒店冰箱内表面微生物污染状况调查[J].社区医学杂志,2016,14(19):13-16.Zhong RM,Yin BK,Liang BN,et al.A investigation on the status of microbiol contamination on the inner surface of refrigerator of the school,family and hotel in Jiangmen from 2014 to 2015[J].J Commun Med,2016,14(19):13-16.
[4]沈瑾,王佳奇,李炎,等.冰箱冷藏室致病微生物现状调查[J].环境卫生学杂志,2015,5(6):530-533.Shen J,Wang JQ,Li Y,et al.Pathogenic microorganism contamination in domestic refrigerator[J].J Environ Hyg,2015,5(6):530-533.
[5]Marine M,Julien D,David B.An observational study of refrigerator food storage by consumers in controlled conditions[Z].2016.
[6]Dieuleveux V,Collobert J,Dorey F,et al.Surveillance of the contamination by Listeria spp of refrigerators[J].Sci Des Alim,2005,25(2):147-155.
[7]Jackson V,Blair IS,Mc-Dowell DA,et al.The incidence of significant food borne pathogens in domestic refrigerators[J].Food Control,2007,(18):346-351.
[8]钱海雷,许慧慧,郭常义,等.家用风冷冰箱微生物污染调查及铜材料抗菌效果研究[J].环境与职业医学,2015,32(6):549-552.Qian HL,Xu HH,Guo CY,et al.Microbial contamination in household air-cooled refrigerators and antibacterial effects of copper[J].J Environ Occup Med,2015,32(6):549-552.
[9]GB/T 18204.4-2013公共场所卫生检验第4部分公共用品用具微生物[S].GB/T 18204.4-2013 Examination methods for public places Part 4:Microorganism on a surface of public articles[S].
[10]GB 14934-2016食品安全国家标准消毒餐(饮)具[S].GB 14934-2016 National food safety standard-Disinfection tableware[S].
[11]GB 4789.30-2016食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌检验[S].GB 4789.30-2016 National food safety standard-Food microbiological test of Listeria monocytogenes[S].
[12]GB 4789.8-2016食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌[S].GB 4789.8-2016 National food safety standard-Food microbiological test-Yersinia enterocolitica[S].
[13]阮明捷,游川,李书明,等.1例单核细胞增生李斯特菌感染引起孕妇的双胎儿死亡的调查报告[J].慢性病学杂志,2015,16(3):353,355.Ruan MJ,You C,Li SM,et al.Investigation report of a maternal twin fetal death caused by listeria monocytogenes infection[J].Chronic Pathematol J,2015,16(3):353,355.
[14]闫韶飞,裴晓燕,杨大进,等.2012年中国食源性单核细胞增生李斯特菌耐药特征及多位点序列分型研究[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2014,26(6):537-542.Yan SF,Pei XY,Yang DJ,et al.Antibiotic resistance and MLST analysis of foodborne pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes in China in 2012[J].Chin J Food Hyg,2014,26(6):537-542.
[15]张彦春,张爽,杨杰,等.自腹泻病例和家用冰箱分离的小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌病原特征分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2018,30(6):582-585.Zhang YC,Zhang S,Yang J,et al.Analysis of pathogenic characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from household refrigerators and diarrhea patients[J].Chin J Food Hyg,2018,30(6):582-585.
[16]吕国平,秦丽云,郭玉梅,等.一起食物中毒中金黄色葡萄球菌的分子特征分析[J].医学动物防制,2019,35(1):50-52.Lv GP,Qin LY,Guo YM,et al.Characteristic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus in a food poisoning case[J].J Med Pest Control,2019,35(1):50-52.
[2]国家质量监督监督检验检疫总局.美国蓝铃冰激凌受李斯特杆菌污染事件舆情汇总[EB/OL].[2015-04-28].[2017-05-11].http://www.aqsiq.gov.cn/xxgk_13386/zxxxgk/201504/t20150428_437458.Htm.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine.Summary of the US bluebell ice cream caused by Listeria contamination[EB/OL].[2015-04-28].[2017-05-11].http://www.aqsiq.gov.cn/xxgk_13386/zxxxgk/201504/t20150428_437458.Htm.
[3]钟瑞美,尹本康,梁柏年,等.江门市区2014-2015年学校、家庭、酒店冰箱内表面微生物污染状况调查[J].社区医学杂志,2016,14(19):13-16.Zhong RM,Yin BK,Liang BN,et al.A investigation on the status of microbiol contamination on the inner surface of refrigerator of the school,family and hotel in Jiangmen from 2014 to 2015[J].J Commun Med,2016,14(19):13-16.
[4]沈瑾,王佳奇,李炎,等.冰箱冷藏室致病微生物现状调查[J].环境卫生学杂志,2015,5(6):530-533.Shen J,Wang JQ,Li Y,et al.Pathogenic microorganism contamination in domestic refrigerator[J].J Environ Hyg,2015,5(6):530-533.
[5]Marine M,Julien D,David B.An observational study of refrigerator food storage by consumers in controlled conditions[Z].2016.
[6]Dieuleveux V,Collobert J,Dorey F,et al.Surveillance of the contamination by Listeria spp of refrigerators[J].Sci Des Alim,2005,25(2):147-155.
[7]Jackson V,Blair IS,Mc-Dowell DA,et al.The incidence of significant food borne pathogens in domestic refrigerators[J].Food Control,2007,(18):346-351.
[8]钱海雷,许慧慧,郭常义,等.家用风冷冰箱微生物污染调查及铜材料抗菌效果研究[J].环境与职业医学,2015,32(6):549-552.Qian HL,Xu HH,Guo CY,et al.Microbial contamination in household air-cooled refrigerators and antibacterial effects of copper[J].J Environ Occup Med,2015,32(6):549-552.
[9]GB/T 18204.4-2013公共场所卫生检验第4部分公共用品用具微生物[S].GB/T 18204.4-2013 Examination methods for public places Part 4:Microorganism on a surface of public articles[S].
[10]GB 14934-2016食品安全国家标准消毒餐(饮)具[S].GB 14934-2016 National food safety standard-Disinfection tableware[S].
[11]GB 4789.30-2016食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌检验[S].GB 4789.30-2016 National food safety standard-Food microbiological test of Listeria monocytogenes[S].
[12]GB 4789.8-2016食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌[S].GB 4789.8-2016 National food safety standard-Food microbiological test-Yersinia enterocolitica[S].
[13]阮明捷,游川,李书明,等.1例单核细胞增生李斯特菌感染引起孕妇的双胎儿死亡的调查报告[J].慢性病学杂志,2015,16(3):353,355.Ruan MJ,You C,Li SM,et al.Investigation report of a maternal twin fetal death caused by listeria monocytogenes infection[J].Chronic Pathematol J,2015,16(3):353,355.
[14]闫韶飞,裴晓燕,杨大进,等.2012年中国食源性单核细胞增生李斯特菌耐药特征及多位点序列分型研究[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2014,26(6):537-542.Yan SF,Pei XY,Yang DJ,et al.Antibiotic resistance and MLST analysis of foodborne pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes in China in 2012[J].Chin J Food Hyg,2014,26(6):537-542.
[15]张彦春,张爽,杨杰,等.自腹泻病例和家用冰箱分离的小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌病原特征分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2018,30(6):582-585.Zhang YC,Zhang S,Yang J,et al.Analysis of pathogenic characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from household refrigerators and diarrhea patients[J].Chin J Food Hyg,2018,30(6):582-585.
[16]吕国平,秦丽云,郭玉梅,等.一起食物中毒中金黄色葡萄球菌的分子特征分析[J].医学动物防制,2019,35(1):50-52.Lv GP,Qin LY,Guo YM,et al.Characteristic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus in a food poisoning case[J].J Med Pest Control,2019,35(1):50-52.