电子鼻在沃柑贮藏时间识别中的应用
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摘要
【目的】利用电子鼻技术对不同贮藏时间的沃柑进行检测分析,为快速判断沃柑的新鲜度及建立沃柑品质快速评价体系提供技术支持。【方法】利用PEN3电子鼻系统获取不同贮藏时间沃柑的气味特征值,通过载荷分析法分析传感器对沃柑芳香物的相对重要作用,采用主成分分析(PCA)和线性判别分析(LDA)对气味特征值进行分析并建立预测模型,并以样品果对预测模型进行验证。【结果】不同贮藏时间的沃柑会产生不同气味响应信号,经载荷分析发现传感器7(W1W)、9(W2W)、6(W1S)、2(W5S)和8(W2S)在沃柑贮藏期识别中影响最大;建立模型时选取90～92 s时的稳定响应值作为特征值;采用PCA无法对贮藏间隔5 d的沃柑进行区分,而应用LDA能很好地区分不同贮藏时间的沃柑,总贡献率85.12%。预测模型能对样品果进行贮藏时间的初步判别,平均准确率达98.23%。【结论】电子鼻结合LDA的无损检测方法能对不同贮藏时间的沃柑气味特征进行识别并区分,可应用于沃柑贮藏时间快速判断。
【Objective】The electronic nose technique was used to detect the Orah of different storage times,and to provide technology support for the judgment of freshness degree of Orah and establishment of a rapid evaluation system for Orah quality.【Method】PEN3 electronic nose was used to obtain aroma characteristic value of Orah with different storage times. The relative important effects of sensors on Orah aromatic substance were analyzed by load analysis. Principal component analysis(PCA)and linear discriminant analysis(LDA)were applied to investigate the aroma characteristic values and establish the prediction model,then the prediction model was verified with samples.【Result】At different storage times,Orah produced different aroma response signals. It was found that sensor 7(W1W),9(W2W),6(W1S),2(W5S)and 8(W2S)had the largest effects on identification of Orah storage time by load analysis. The stable response value of 90-92 s was selected as the eigenvalue of the model. The PCA could not be used to distinguish Orah with a storage interval of 5 d.The LDA method could better distinguish the Orah with different storage times,and the total contribution rate was 85.12%.The prediction model could be used for the preliminary determination of sample fruit storage time,with an average accuracy of 98.23%.【Conclusion】Electronic nose combined with LDA nondestructive detection method can identify and distinguish the aroma characteristics of Orah at different storage times,which can be applied to rapid determination of Orah storage time.
【Objective】The electronic nose technique was used to detect the Orah of different storage times,and to provide technology support for the judgment of freshness degree of Orah and establishment of a rapid evaluation system for Orah quality.【Method】PEN3 electronic nose was used to obtain aroma characteristic value of Orah with different storage times. The relative important effects of sensors on Orah aromatic substance were analyzed by load analysis. Principal component analysis(PCA)and linear discriminant analysis(LDA)were applied to investigate the aroma characteristic values and establish the prediction model,then the prediction model was verified with samples.【Result】At different storage times,Orah produced different aroma response signals. It was found that sensor 7(W1W),9(W2W),6(W1S),2(W5S)and 8(W2S)had the largest effects on identification of Orah storage time by load analysis. The stable response value of 90-92 s was selected as the eigenvalue of the model. The PCA could not be used to distinguish Orah with a storage interval of 5 d.The LDA method could better distinguish the Orah with different storage times,and the total contribution rate was 85.12%.The prediction model could be used for the preliminary determination of sample fruit storage time,with an average accuracy of 98.23%.【Conclusion】Electronic nose combined with LDA nondestructive detection method can identify and distinguish the aroma characteristics of Orah at different storage times,which can be applied to rapid determination of Orah storage time.
引文
陈辰,鲁晓翔,张鹏,陈绍慧,李江阔.2015.基于电子鼻技术的玫瑰香葡萄贮藏期快速判别[J].食品与机械,31(6):137-141.[Chen C,Lu X X,Zhang P,Chen S H,Li J K.2015.Quick discrimination of storage periods for muscat grape based on electronic nose[J].Food&Machinery,31(6):137-141.]
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江琳琳,潘磊庆,屠康,杨虹贤,钱钊,韩东海.2010.基于电子鼻对水蜜桃货架期评价的研究[J].食品科学,31(12):229-232.[Jiang L L,Pan L Q,Tu K,Yang H X,Qian Z,Han D H.2010.Freshness evaluation of juicy peach by electronic nose[J].Food Science,31(12):229-232.]
李莹,任亚梅,张爽,赵慧,周龙安,任小林.2016.基于电子鼻的苹果低温贮藏时间及品质预测[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),43(5):184-191.[Li Y,Ren Y M,Zhang S,Zhao H,Zhou L A,Ren X L.2016.Prediction of low-temperature storage time and quality of apples based on electronic nose[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),43(5):184-191.]
刘燕德,孙旭东,陈皓,郝勇,欧阳爱国,陈洞滨,王海阳,吴至境,龚志远,徐翔斌,陈齐平.2016.水果糖酸度和重量快速无损检测技术与分选装备[J].中国科技奖励,17(22):7-8.[Liu Y D,Sun X D,Chen H,Hao Y,Ouyang A G,Chen D B,Wang H Y,Wu Z J,Gong Z Y,Xu X B,Chen Q P.2016.Fruit sugar acidity and weight rapid nondestructive testing technology and separation equipment[J].China Awards for Science and Technology,17(22):7-8.]
刘玉革,徐金龙,赵维峰,吕玲玲,魏长宾.2012.菠萝果实香气成分分析及电子鼻评价[J].广东农业科学,39(20):97-100.[Liu Y G,Xu J L,Zhao W F,LüL L,Wei C B.2012.Aroma volatile compounds of pineapple and evaluation by electronic nose[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,39(20):97-100.]
彭珂,骆德汉,夏必亮.2017.基于机器嗅觉的柑橘品种无损检测与识别[J].江西农业大学学报,39(5):1017-1024.[Peng K,Luo D H,Xia B L.2017.Non-destructive testing and identification of citrus varieties based on machine olfaction[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,39(5):1017-1024.]
沈飞,吴启芳,魏颖琪,都立辉,唐培安.2016.谷物霉菌挥发性物质的电子鼻与GC-MS检测研究[J].中国粮油学报,31(7):148-152.[Shen F,Wu Q F,Wei Y Q,Du L H,Tang P A.2016.Electronic nose and GC-MS detection of volatile substances produced by mould strains[J].Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,31(7):148-152.]
王少敏,魏树伟.2014.不同结果部位对栖霞大香水梨果实香气的影响[J].山东农业科学,46(10):57-59.[Wang SM,Wei S W.2014.Effect of different fruit setting positions on aroma of Qixia Daxiangshui pear[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,46(10):57-59.]
谢庆丰.2017.优质沃柑丰产栽培管理技术[J].南方农业,11(5):20-21.[Xie Q F.2017.Cultivation management technology of high quality Orah[J].South China Agriculture,11(5):20-21.]
徐赛,陆华忠,王亚娟,周志艳,姜焰鸣,吕恩利.2016.基于电子鼻与物理特征融合的猕猴桃贮藏时间识别方法[J].食品科技,41(3):292-297.[Xu S,Lu H Z,Wang Y J,Zhou Z Y,Jiang Y M,LüE L.2016.Storage time identification of kiwi fruit based on electronic nose and physical characteristic combination[J].Food Science and Technology,41(3):292-297.]
于勇,王俊,周鸣.2003.电子鼻技术的研究进展及其在农产品加工中的应用[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),29(5):579-584.[Yu Y,Wang J,Zhou M.2003.Research developments of electronic nose and its application in processing of agriculture products[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture&Life Sciences),29(5):579-584.]
张涵,鲁周民,王锦涛,郭旭.2017.4种主要柑橘类香气成分比较[J].食品科学,38(4):192-196.[Zhang H,Lu Z M,Wang J T,Guo X.2017.Comparative aroma components of fruits of four main citrus varieties[J].Food Science,38(4):192-196.]
张政,门泽成,任兴达.2016.高光谱成像技术下水果内外品质无损检测研究进展[J].科技经济导刊,(17):7-8.[Zhang Z,Men Z C,Ren X D.2016.The development of non-destructive testing of fruit and external quality under the technique of high light spectroscopy[J].Technology and Economic Guide,(17):7-8.]
Benedetti S,Buratti S,Spinardi A,Mannino S,Mignani I.2008.Electronic nose as a non-destructive tool to characterise peach cultivars and to monitor their ripening stage during shelf-life[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,47(2):181-188.
冯青.2012.电子鼻系统在水果贮藏中的应用[J].产业与科技论坛,11(12):78.[Feng Q.2012.The application of electronic nose system in fruit storage[J].Industrial&Science Tribune,11(12):78.]
胡桂仙,Antihus Hernández Gómez,王俊,王小骊.2005.电子鼻无损检测柑橘成熟度的实验研究[J].食品与发酵工业,31(8):57-60.[Hu G X,Antihus H G,Wang J,Wang X L.2005.A research on monitoring the orange maturity with the electronic nose[J].Food and Fermentation Industries,31(8):57-60.]
胡桂仙,王俊,海铮,王小骊.2006.不同储藏时间柑橘电子鼻检测研究[J].浙江农业学报,18(6):458-461.[Hu G X,Wang J,Hai Z,Wang X L.2006.Electronic nose monitoring the oranges stored for different times[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,18(6):458-461.]
黄其椿,陈香玲,陈东奎,赵洪涛,赵小龙,纪素峰,廖惠红,王茜,黄宏明,张兰,刘吉敏.2016.沃柑黄化原因分析及其对策[J].农业科学与技术,17(6):1387.[Huang Q C,Chen X L,Chen D K,Zhao H T,Zhao X L,Ji S F,Liao H H,Wang X,Huang H M,Zhang L,Liu J M.2016.Cause analysis of Orah yellowing and its measures[J].Agricultural Science&Technology,17(6):1387.]
贾文珅,李孟楠,王亚雷,梁刚,满燕,潘立刚.2016.电子鼻技术在果蔬检测中的应用[J].食品安全质量检测学报,7(2):410-418.[Jia W S,Li M N,Wang Y L,Liang G,Man Y,Pan L G.2016.Application of electronic nose technology on the detection of fruits and vegetables[J].Journal of Food Safety&Quality,7(2):410-418.]
江琳琳,潘磊庆,屠康,杨虹贤,钱钊,韩东海.2010.基于电子鼻对水蜜桃货架期评价的研究[J].食品科学,31(12):229-232.[Jiang L L,Pan L Q,Tu K,Yang H X,Qian Z,Han D H.2010.Freshness evaluation of juicy peach by electronic nose[J].Food Science,31(12):229-232.]
李莹,任亚梅,张爽,赵慧,周龙安,任小林.2016.基于电子鼻的苹果低温贮藏时间及品质预测[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),43(5):184-191.[Li Y,Ren Y M,Zhang S,Zhao H,Zhou L A,Ren X L.2016.Prediction of low-temperature storage time and quality of apples based on electronic nose[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),43(5):184-191.]
刘燕德,孙旭东,陈皓,郝勇,欧阳爱国,陈洞滨,王海阳,吴至境,龚志远,徐翔斌,陈齐平.2016.水果糖酸度和重量快速无损检测技术与分选装备[J].中国科技奖励,17(22):7-8.[Liu Y D,Sun X D,Chen H,Hao Y,Ouyang A G,Chen D B,Wang H Y,Wu Z J,Gong Z Y,Xu X B,Chen Q P.2016.Fruit sugar acidity and weight rapid nondestructive testing technology and separation equipment[J].China Awards for Science and Technology,17(22):7-8.]
刘玉革,徐金龙,赵维峰,吕玲玲,魏长宾.2012.菠萝果实香气成分分析及电子鼻评价[J].广东农业科学,39(20):97-100.[Liu Y G,Xu J L,Zhao W F,LüL L,Wei C B.2012.Aroma volatile compounds of pineapple and evaluation by electronic nose[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,39(20):97-100.]
彭珂,骆德汉,夏必亮.2017.基于机器嗅觉的柑橘品种无损检测与识别[J].江西农业大学学报,39(5):1017-1024.[Peng K,Luo D H,Xia B L.2017.Non-destructive testing and identification of citrus varieties based on machine olfaction[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,39(5):1017-1024.]
沈飞,吴启芳,魏颖琪,都立辉,唐培安.2016.谷物霉菌挥发性物质的电子鼻与GC-MS检测研究[J].中国粮油学报,31(7):148-152.[Shen F,Wu Q F,Wei Y Q,Du L H,Tang P A.2016.Electronic nose and GC-MS detection of volatile substances produced by mould strains[J].Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,31(7):148-152.]
王少敏,魏树伟.2014.不同结果部位对栖霞大香水梨果实香气的影响[J].山东农业科学,46(10):57-59.[Wang SM,Wei S W.2014.Effect of different fruit setting positions on aroma of Qixia Daxiangshui pear[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,46(10):57-59.]
谢庆丰.2017.优质沃柑丰产栽培管理技术[J].南方农业,11(5):20-21.[Xie Q F.2017.Cultivation management technology of high quality Orah[J].South China Agriculture,11(5):20-21.]
徐赛,陆华忠,王亚娟,周志艳,姜焰鸣,吕恩利.2016.基于电子鼻与物理特征融合的猕猴桃贮藏时间识别方法[J].食品科技,41(3):292-297.[Xu S,Lu H Z,Wang Y J,Zhou Z Y,Jiang Y M,LüE L.2016.Storage time identification of kiwi fruit based on electronic nose and physical characteristic combination[J].Food Science and Technology,41(3):292-297.]
于勇,王俊,周鸣.2003.电子鼻技术的研究进展及其在农产品加工中的应用[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),29(5):579-584.[Yu Y,Wang J,Zhou M.2003.Research developments of electronic nose and its application in processing of agriculture products[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture&Life Sciences),29(5):579-584.]
张涵,鲁周民,王锦涛,郭旭.2017.4种主要柑橘类香气成分比较[J].食品科学,38(4):192-196.[Zhang H,Lu Z M,Wang J T,Guo X.2017.Comparative aroma components of fruits of four main citrus varieties[J].Food Science,38(4):192-196.]
张政,门泽成,任兴达.2016.高光谱成像技术下水果内外品质无损检测研究进展[J].科技经济导刊,(17):7-8.[Zhang Z,Men Z C,Ren X D.2016.The development of non-destructive testing of fruit and external quality under the technique of high light spectroscopy[J].Technology and Economic Guide,(17):7-8.]
Benedetti S,Buratti S,Spinardi A,Mannino S,Mignani I.2008.Electronic nose as a non-destructive tool to characterise peach cultivars and to monitor their ripening stage during shelf-life[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,47(2):181-188.