大熊猫国家公园拟建区生态旅游客源特征及行为研究
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摘要
本研究采用问卷调查法对大熊猫国家公园建设范围内卧龙国家级自然保护区生态旅游客源特征及行为进行调查,主要结果如下:1)客源集中于四川省内;2)游客男女比例1∶1.3,以19～49岁的中青年(66.8%)、大学及以上学历(66.3%)的中等收入群体为主;3)亲朋好友介绍为主要信息获知渠道,游客多是"家庭自驾出游",且61.8%的游客仅停留1～2 d。对比先前相关研究结果总结出保护区生态旅游客源特征及行为的异同,并结合本研究结果对保护区及国家公园建成后生态旅游的发展提出建议。
As one of the reserves within the Giant Panda National Park(GPNP) planned area,the characteristics and behaviors of eco-tourists in Wolong National Nature Reserve are investigated by questionnaire.The main results are as follows:1)the tourists mainly come from Sichuan province;2)the male to female ratio is 1∶1.3 and the tourists are mainly middle income group at the age of 19 to 49 years old(66.8%),holding college degree or above(66.3%);3)most of the tourists are introduced by friends or relatives and drive-travel with their fimalies,staying for only one or two days(61.8%).The similarities and differences of tourists' characteristics and behavior are concluded from by comparing to the previous research.Some sugeestions are givien for the ecotourism development in nature reserves and GPNP,including attaching importance to marketing and publicity to raise awareness,paying more attention to basic consumption investment and quality improvement.
As one of the reserves within the Giant Panda National Park(GPNP) planned area,the characteristics and behaviors of eco-tourists in Wolong National Nature Reserve are investigated by questionnaire.The main results are as follows:1)the tourists mainly come from Sichuan province;2)the male to female ratio is 1∶1.3 and the tourists are mainly middle income group at the age of 19 to 49 years old(66.8%),holding college degree or above(66.3%);3)most of the tourists are introduced by friends or relatives and drive-travel with their fimalies,staying for only one or two days(61.8%).The similarities and differences of tourists' characteristics and behavior are concluded from by comparing to the previous research.Some sugeestions are givien for the ecotourism development in nature reserves and GPNP,including attaching importance to marketing and publicity to raise awareness,paying more attention to basic consumption investment and quality improvement.
引文
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[18] LIU W,VOGT C A,LUPI F,et al.Evolution of tourism in a flagship protected area of China[J].Journal of Sustainable Tourism,2016,24(2):203-226.
[19] 张瑾.花坪国家级自然保护区生态旅游客源市场特征研究[J].生态经济(学术版),2009(1):238-241.
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[23] 石金莲,李俊清,李绍泉.北京松山自然保护区生态旅游客源结构调查研究[J].北京林业大学学报(社会科学版),2003,2(1):45-48.
[24] 郑昕,马建章.扎龙国家级自然保护区游客客源特征调查分析[J].森林工程,2007,23(2):1-5.
[25] 任琳,胡崇德.太白山自然保护区生态旅游游客特征及行为研究[J].当代旅游(学术版),2010(4):107-108.
[26] 廉同辉,王金叶.猫儿山自然保护区游客市场结构及行为特征研究[J].旅游研究,2012,4(2):51-57.
[27] 王朋薇,韩丽荣.达赉湖自然保护区客源市场研究[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2015(2):48-49.
[2] STOLTON S,DUDLEY N.Arguments for protected areas:multiple benefits for conservation and use[J].Current Books on Gardening & Botany,2010,19(1):70-71.
[3] WUNDER S.Ecotourism and economic incentives-an empirical approach[J].Ecological Economics,2000,32(3):465-479.
[4] ZIFFER K A.Ecotourism:the uneasy alliance [M].London:Conservation International,1989.
[5] BOOKBINDER M P,DINERSTEIN E,RIJAL A,et al.Ecotourism's support of biodiversity conservation[J].Conservation Biology,1998,12(6):1399-1404.
[6] WALPOLE M J,GOODWIN H J.Local economic impacts of dragon tourism in Indonesia[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2000,27(3):559-576.
[7] ADAMS W M,INFIELD M.Who is on the gorilla's payroll?Claims on tourist revenue from a Ugandan National Park[J].World Development,2003,31(1):177-190.
[8] 明庆忠,李宏,徐天任.生态旅游环境问题类型及保育对策[J].经济地理,2000,20(4):114-117.
[9] 刘春艳,李文军,叶文虎.自然保护区旅游的非污染生态影响评价[J].中国环境科学,2001,21(5):399-403.
[10] 朱璇,朱海.我国自然保护区发展生态旅游的问题和对策——来自神农架自然保护区的调查[J].生态经济(中文版),2007(11):136-140.
[11] 贺昭和,秦卫华,王智,等.我国自然保护区生态旅游发展的存在问题及对策[J].生态环境学报,2007,16(1):253-256.
[12] 徐颂军,邱彭华,谢跟踪,等.广东省古兜山自然保护区生态旅游开发的多尺度影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(10):4045-4056.
[13] 马建章,程鲲.自然保护区生态旅游对野生动物的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2818-2827.
[14] HE G M,CHEN X D,LIU W,et al.Distribution of economic benefits from ecotourism:a case study of Wolong Nature Reserve for Giant Pandas in China[J].Environmental Management,2008,42:1017-1025.
[15] 韩杰,赵富强.东北区海外旅游客源市场的拓展[J].旅游学刊,1992,7(2):25-28.
[16] 林璧属.试析旅游规划中的客源市场分析[J].旅游学刊,2001,16(6):54-56.
[17] 罗明义.云南海外客源市场发展及开拓[J].旅游学刊,2003,18(2):35-40.
[18] LIU W,VOGT C A,LUPI F,et al.Evolution of tourism in a flagship protected area of China[J].Journal of Sustainable Tourism,2016,24(2):203-226.
[19] 张瑾.花坪国家级自然保护区生态旅游客源市场特征研究[J].生态经济(学术版),2009(1):238-241.
[20] MCDOUGALL G H G,LEVESQUE T.Customer satisfaction with services:putting perceived value into the equation[J].Journal of Services Marketing,2000,14(5):392-410.
[21] LEE C K,YOON Y S,LEE S K.Investigating the relationships among perceived value,satisfaction,and recommendations:the case of the Korean DMZ[J].Tourism Management,2007,28(1):204-214.
[22] PARASURAMAN A,GREWAL D.The impact of technology on the quality-value-loyalty chain:A research agenda [J].Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,2000,28(1):168.
[23] 石金莲,李俊清,李绍泉.北京松山自然保护区生态旅游客源结构调查研究[J].北京林业大学学报(社会科学版),2003,2(1):45-48.
[24] 郑昕,马建章.扎龙国家级自然保护区游客客源特征调查分析[J].森林工程,2007,23(2):1-5.
[25] 任琳,胡崇德.太白山自然保护区生态旅游游客特征及行为研究[J].当代旅游(学术版),2010(4):107-108.
[26] 廉同辉,王金叶.猫儿山自然保护区游客市场结构及行为特征研究[J].旅游研究,2012,4(2):51-57.
[27] 王朋薇,韩丽荣.达赉湖自然保护区客源市场研究[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2015(2):48-49.