菜心小孢子发育时期与花器官形态的相关性
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摘要
研究菜心小孢子不同发育时期的细胞学特征及其与花器官外部形态的相关性,为直接从花器官外部形态特征来判断小孢子发育时期提供依据。结果表明,菜心小孢子发育分为四分体时期、单核期和双核期,各时期特征明显。菜心小孢子发育时期与花蕾和花药外部形态特征密切相关,供试菜心材料中处在单核靠边期的花蕾纵径为3.05～3.39 mm,花萼长为3.25～3.46 mm,花瓣长为2.10～2.33 mm,瓣萼比为0.63～0.71,花药长为2.57～2.89 mm、瓣药比为0.77～0.85,适合作为不同材料花蕾最佳取样时期的鉴定指标。处在单核靠边期的花器官外观特征表现为花蕾饱满,萼片绿色并包被着花冠,花瓣和花药均为浅黄色,花药略长于花瓣。可见,依据花器官形态特征可判断菜心小孢子的发育时期及所对应的选蕾标准。
The cytological characteristics of microspores in Chinese flowering cabbage at different developmental periods were studied to reveal the relationship between microspore development and buds morphology, which would provide evidences for the culturing of anthers and microspores. The results showed that the microspore developed in tetrad, early-or mid-uninucleate, late-uninucleate and binucleate stages obviously. The microspore development showed correlativity with the morphological characteristics of buds and anthers. The buds 3.05–3.39 mm in height, the calyx 3.25–3.46 mm in length, the petal 2.10–2.33 mm in length, the ratio of flap to calyx 0.63–0.71, the anther 2.57–2.89 mm in length, and the ratio of flap 0.77–0.85 were discovered to contain microspores at the late uninucleate. These were suitable for the identification of optimal sampling period of flower buds in different materials. At the late uninucleate stage, it was necessary that the anthers should be covered by the sepal, the anthers slightly longer than petals, and the flower bud was full, the petals and anthers showed pale yellow. Therefore, we can judge the development stage of Chinese flowering cabbage microspore by morphological characteristics of flower organs so as to define the standard of bud selection in correspondence with the optimal stage of anthers culture.
The cytological characteristics of microspores in Chinese flowering cabbage at different developmental periods were studied to reveal the relationship between microspore development and buds morphology, which would provide evidences for the culturing of anthers and microspores. The results showed that the microspore developed in tetrad, early-or mid-uninucleate, late-uninucleate and binucleate stages obviously. The microspore development showed correlativity with the morphological characteristics of buds and anthers. The buds 3.05–3.39 mm in height, the calyx 3.25–3.46 mm in length, the petal 2.10–2.33 mm in length, the ratio of flap to calyx 0.63–0.71, the anther 2.57–2.89 mm in length, and the ratio of flap 0.77–0.85 were discovered to contain microspores at the late uninucleate. These were suitable for the identification of optimal sampling period of flower buds in different materials. At the late uninucleate stage, it was necessary that the anthers should be covered by the sepal, the anthers slightly longer than petals, and the flower bud was full, the petals and anthers showed pale yellow. Therefore, we can judge the development stage of Chinese flowering cabbage microspore by morphological characteristics of flower organs so as to define the standard of bud selection in correspondence with the optimal stage of anthers culture.
引文
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[3]张运红,和爱玲,孙克刚,等.海藻酸钠寡糖对菜心类囊体膜组成及特性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(1):129-135.
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[6]黄旺亚,郭汉权.菜心种子加工技术[J].广东农村实用技术, 2010(11):37-38.
[7]王春丽,王涛涛,张余洋,等.青花菜小孢子胚植株再生及倍性研究[J].中国蔬菜, 2010, 1(4):36-40.
[8]韩硕,郭宁,张月云,等.羽衣甘蓝双单倍体育种技术研究[J].农业生物技术学报, 2018, 26(3):521-529.
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[10]杨宏光,孙晓梅,王孝鹏,等.三色堇小孢子发育时期与花器形态相关性分析[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2008,39(5):621-624.
[11]曹鸣庆,李岩.基因型和供体植株生长环境对大白菜游离小孢子胚胎发生的影响[J].华北农学报, 1993, 8(4):1-6.
[12]高素燕,李英,单晓政,等.预处理对不结球白菜游离小孢子胚胎发生的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2008,24(6):878-881.
[13]赵大芹,陶莲,张朝君,等.培养基成分对黔白大白菜杂交种小孢子胚诱导的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2007,35(6):24-25.
[14]王娜,贾凯,妥秀兰,等.芜菁小孢子培养及其胚状体离体发育过程[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(9):1392-1398.
[15]张孟利,张恩慧,许忠民,等.栽培因素影响甘蓝花蕾小孢子发育同步性研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2018(1):9-14.
[16]詹艳,陈劲枫, Ahmed Abbas Malik.黄瓜游离小孢子培养诱导成胚和植株再生[J].园艺学报,2009,36(2):221-226.
[17]胡梅,高杰,葛菊芬,等.辣椒花蕾长度和单核靠边期花粉细胞比例间的关系[J].天津农业科学,2015,21(9):10-12.
[18]陈芬芬,高惠,齐海军,等.黄瓜花蕾大小与花粉发育时期相关性研究[J].延边大学农学学报,2016,38(2):134-138.
[19]李丹,李锡香,沈镝.萝卜小孢子不同发育时期的细胞学和花器官形态特征观察[J].中国蔬菜,2008(10):11-15.
[20]袁建民,木万福,杨龙,等.青花菜小孢子发育时期与花器形态的相关性[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(34):123-128.
[21]张恩慧,马英夏,杨安平,等.甘蓝小孢子培养中花蕾长度与细胞单核期的关系[J].西北农业学报,2012,21(6):124-128.
[22]朱允华,刘明月,吴朝林.影响菜心游离小孢子培养的因素[J].长江蔬菜, 2003(9):46-47.
[23]曾小玲,方淑桂,朱朝辉,等.不同基因型菜心游离小孢子培养和植株再生[J].热带作物学报,2014,35(12):2397-2402.
[24]梅德圣,王汉中,李云昌,等.油菜小孢子培养影响因素及黄籽油菜双单倍体群体的构建[J].华北农学报,2007,22(1):112-115.
[25]戴希刚,施雪萍,包满珠.羽衣甘蓝小孢子胚植株再生的影响因素分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013, 41(7):201-208.
[26]Takahata Y, Keller W A. High frequency embryogenesis and plant regeneration in isolated microspore culture of Brassica oleracea L.[J]. Plant Science, 1991, 74:235-242.
[27]谢淼,秦丽颖,潘俊松,等.黄瓜花器形态发生、小孢子发育与花药培养[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(6):1096-1100.
[28]袁素霞,刘玉梅,方智远,等.结球甘蓝和青花菜小孢子胚植株再生[J].植物学报, 2010, 45(2):226-232.
[29]陈文辉,方淑桂,曾小玲,等.甘蓝和青花菜杂种小孢子培养[J].热带亚热带植物学报, 2006, 14(4):321-326.
[30]赵前程,吉立柱,蔡荣旗,等.花椰菜游离小孢子培养及植株再生研究[J].华北农学报, 2007, 22(6):65-68.
[31]李桂花,王亭亭,刘凯,等.芥蓝小孢子培养研究初报[J].热带作物学报, 2016, 37(8):1518-1525.
[32]朱允华.菜心花药和花粉培养诱导胚状体的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学, 2003.
[33]吴艺飞,丁茁荑,肖杰,等.红菜薹小孢子培养技术研究[J].作物研究, 2016(1):73-77.
[2]马三梅,王永飞.菜心育种的研究进展[J].北方园艺,2006(3):40-41.
[3]张运红,和爱玲,孙克刚,等.海藻酸钠寡糖对菜心类囊体膜组成及特性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(1):129-135.
[4]任锡亮,王毓洪,孟秋峰,等.菜心栽培技术[J].宁波农业科技, 2007(3):24-25.
[5]朱允华,刘明月,吴朝林.影响菜心游离小孢子培养的因素[J].长江蔬菜, 2003(9):46-47.
[6]黄旺亚,郭汉权.菜心种子加工技术[J].广东农村实用技术, 2010(11):37-38.
[7]王春丽,王涛涛,张余洋,等.青花菜小孢子胚植株再生及倍性研究[J].中国蔬菜, 2010, 1(4):36-40.
[8]韩硕,郭宁,张月云,等.羽衣甘蓝双单倍体育种技术研究[J].农业生物技术学报, 2018, 26(3):521-529.
[9]孙丹,王涛涛,叶志彪,等.基因型和活性炭对大白菜小孢子胚胎发生的影响[J].湖北农业科学, 2005(6):73-75.
[10]杨宏光,孙晓梅,王孝鹏,等.三色堇小孢子发育时期与花器形态相关性分析[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2008,39(5):621-624.
[11]曹鸣庆,李岩.基因型和供体植株生长环境对大白菜游离小孢子胚胎发生的影响[J].华北农学报, 1993, 8(4):1-6.
[12]高素燕,李英,单晓政,等.预处理对不结球白菜游离小孢子胚胎发生的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2008,24(6):878-881.
[13]赵大芹,陶莲,张朝君,等.培养基成分对黔白大白菜杂交种小孢子胚诱导的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2007,35(6):24-25.
[14]王娜,贾凯,妥秀兰,等.芜菁小孢子培养及其胚状体离体发育过程[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(9):1392-1398.
[15]张孟利,张恩慧,许忠民,等.栽培因素影响甘蓝花蕾小孢子发育同步性研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2018(1):9-14.
[16]詹艳,陈劲枫, Ahmed Abbas Malik.黄瓜游离小孢子培养诱导成胚和植株再生[J].园艺学报,2009,36(2):221-226.
[17]胡梅,高杰,葛菊芬,等.辣椒花蕾长度和单核靠边期花粉细胞比例间的关系[J].天津农业科学,2015,21(9):10-12.
[18]陈芬芬,高惠,齐海军,等.黄瓜花蕾大小与花粉发育时期相关性研究[J].延边大学农学学报,2016,38(2):134-138.
[19]李丹,李锡香,沈镝.萝卜小孢子不同发育时期的细胞学和花器官形态特征观察[J].中国蔬菜,2008(10):11-15.
[20]袁建民,木万福,杨龙,等.青花菜小孢子发育时期与花器形态的相关性[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(34):123-128.
[21]张恩慧,马英夏,杨安平,等.甘蓝小孢子培养中花蕾长度与细胞单核期的关系[J].西北农业学报,2012,21(6):124-128.
[22]朱允华,刘明月,吴朝林.影响菜心游离小孢子培养的因素[J].长江蔬菜, 2003(9):46-47.
[23]曾小玲,方淑桂,朱朝辉,等.不同基因型菜心游离小孢子培养和植株再生[J].热带作物学报,2014,35(12):2397-2402.
[24]梅德圣,王汉中,李云昌,等.油菜小孢子培养影响因素及黄籽油菜双单倍体群体的构建[J].华北农学报,2007,22(1):112-115.
[25]戴希刚,施雪萍,包满珠.羽衣甘蓝小孢子胚植株再生的影响因素分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013, 41(7):201-208.
[26]Takahata Y, Keller W A. High frequency embryogenesis and plant regeneration in isolated microspore culture of Brassica oleracea L.[J]. Plant Science, 1991, 74:235-242.
[27]谢淼,秦丽颖,潘俊松,等.黄瓜花器形态发生、小孢子发育与花药培养[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(6):1096-1100.
[28]袁素霞,刘玉梅,方智远,等.结球甘蓝和青花菜小孢子胚植株再生[J].植物学报, 2010, 45(2):226-232.
[29]陈文辉,方淑桂,曾小玲,等.甘蓝和青花菜杂种小孢子培养[J].热带亚热带植物学报, 2006, 14(4):321-326.
[30]赵前程,吉立柱,蔡荣旗,等.花椰菜游离小孢子培养及植株再生研究[J].华北农学报, 2007, 22(6):65-68.
[31]李桂花,王亭亭,刘凯,等.芥蓝小孢子培养研究初报[J].热带作物学报, 2016, 37(8):1518-1525.
[32]朱允华.菜心花药和花粉培养诱导胚状体的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学, 2003.
[33]吴艺飞,丁茁荑,肖杰,等.红菜薹小孢子培养技术研究[J].作物研究, 2016(1):73-77.