烧料礓石改性遗址土裂隙注浆材料龄期性能试验研究
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摘要
为探究土遗址裂隙注浆的适宜材料,选择烧料礓石与遗址土作为主要浆材。基于土遗址体力学强度及浆材流动性试验,确定3种不同浆液配比及水灰比。根据浆体在裂隙注浆工程中的实际工作条件,对浆液结石体进行室外土体掩埋养护,测试其龄期物理力学性质,观察显微结构。结果显示,结石体基本物理性质在养护前3 d受含水率影响显著,龄期3~8 d呈线性变化,龄期8~18 d为过渡阶段,龄期18 d后保持稳定;收缩率、波速、孔隙率、抗折强度和抗压强度随烧料礓石配比增加而增大,密度、渗透系数反之;结石体硬化过程具有初期水化反应提高强度快,后期碳化反应持续时间长,并且物理性质稳定的特点。SEM揭示钙质胶结在土颗粒间的存在形态,增强了骨架颗粒间的黏结力。EDS分析进一步显示随烧料礓石配比增加,结石体中钙元素和碳元素的含量逐渐增高。研究初步表明,烧料礓石改性遗址土适宜作为土遗址裂隙注浆材料。
In order to explore the suitable materials of filling the fissures of earthen sites,The calcined ginger nuts and the soil from the earthen site were selected as the main materials of grout. Three different types of proportions and water-cement ratios were determined based on the mechanical experiments of earthen sites and the fluidity tests on slurry. Considering about the actual working conditions,the grout concretion was buried outside and then its physical and mechanical properties during the different curing age were measured,and simultaneously,its microstructure was observed. The basic physical properties of concretion were influenced significantly by the moisture content of grout in the first three days,then changed linearly from the third to the eighth days before transition phase from the eighth to the eighteenth days,and finally remained stable after eighteen days. The shrinkage rate,wave velocity,porosity,flexural strength and compressive strength of concretion increased with the growth of the content of calcined ginger nuts,while the density and the permeability coefficient showed an opposite trend. During the hardening process,the hydration reaction contributed to the improvement of the strength quickly at the early period. At the later period,the carbonation reaction lasted for a long time with its physical properties remained stable. The results of SEM pictures revealed the existence of calcium deposition between the soil particles as the binders and the EDS analysis showed that the content of calcium element and carbon element grew with the increase of the content of calcined ginger nuts. The results in this research prove preliminarily that soil from the earthen sites modified with the calcined ginger nuts is suitable for grouting the fissures in earthen sites.
In order to explore the suitable materials of filling the fissures of earthen sites,The calcined ginger nuts and the soil from the earthen site were selected as the main materials of grout. Three different types of proportions and water-cement ratios were determined based on the mechanical experiments of earthen sites and the fluidity tests on slurry. Considering about the actual working conditions,the grout concretion was buried outside and then its physical and mechanical properties during the different curing age were measured,and simultaneously,its microstructure was observed. The basic physical properties of concretion were influenced significantly by the moisture content of grout in the first three days,then changed linearly from the third to the eighth days before transition phase from the eighth to the eighteenth days,and finally remained stable after eighteen days. The shrinkage rate,wave velocity,porosity,flexural strength and compressive strength of concretion increased with the growth of the content of calcined ginger nuts,while the density and the permeability coefficient showed an opposite trend. During the hardening process,the hydration reaction contributed to the improvement of the strength quickly at the early period. At the later period,the carbonation reaction lasted for a long time with its physical properties remained stable. The results of SEM pictures revealed the existence of calcium deposition between the soil particles as the binders and the EDS analysis showed that the content of calcium element and carbon element grew with the increase of the content of calcined ginger nuts. The results in this research prove preliminarily that soil from the earthen sites modified with the calcined ginger nuts is suitable for grouting the fissures in earthen sites.
引文
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[6]李最雄.我国古代建筑历史上的奇迹[J].考古,1985,(8):741–747.(LI Zuixiong.The wonderwork of ancient building history of China[J].Archaeology,1985,(8):741–747.(in Chinese))
[7]LI Z,ZHAO L,LI L.Light weight concrete of Yangshao Period of China:the earliest concrete in the world[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2012,55(3):629–639.
[8]袁传勋.土遗址保护材料综述[J].敦煌研究,2002,(6):103–105.(YUAN Chuanxun.Summarization of the consolidation materials of earthen sites[J].Dunhuang Research,2002,(6):103–105.(in Chinese))
[9]李黎,赵林毅,李最雄.中国古建筑中几种石灰类材料的物理力学特性研究[J].文物保护与考古科学,2014,26(3):74–84.(LI Li,ZHAO Linyi,LI Zuixiong.Study on the physical and mechanical properties of several lime materials in ancient Chinese architecture[J].Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,2014,26(3):74–84.(in Chinese))
[10]ZHANG J,CHEN W,LI Z,et al.Study on workability and durability of calcined ginger nuts-based grouts used in anchoring conservation of earthen sites[J].Journal of Cultural Heritage,2015,16(6):831–837.
[11]CALLEBAUT K,ELSEN J,VAN BALEN K,et al.Nineteenth century hydraulic restoration mortars in the Saint Michael?s Church(Leuven,Belgium)natural hydraulic lime or cement?[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2001,31(3):397–403.
[12]KALAGRI A,MILTIADOU-FEZANS A,VINTZILEOU E.Design and evaluation of hydraulic lime grouts for the strengthening of stone masonry historic structures[J].Materials and Structures,2010,43(8):1 135–1 146.
[13]BALTAZAR L G,HENRIQUES F M A,JORNE F.Optimisation of flow behaviour and stability of superplasticized fresh hydraulic lime grouts through design of experiments[J].Construction and Building Materials,2012,(35):838–845.
[14]BS EN 459–1.Building lime—part 1:Definitions,specifications and conformity criteria[S].London:British Standard,2002.
[15]李最雄.丝绸之路古遗址保护[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:278–279.(LI Zuixiong.Conservation of ancient sites on the silk road[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010:278–279.(in Chinese))
[16]孙博,周仲华,张虎元,等.夯土建筑遗址表面温度变化特征及预报模型[J].岩土力学,2011,32(3):867–871.(SUN Bo,ZHOU Zhonghua,ZHANG Huyuan,et al.Characteristics and prediction model of surface temperature for rammed earthen architecture ruins[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(3):867–871.(in Chinese))
[17]李黎,赵林毅,王金华,等.我国古代建筑中两种传统硅酸盐材料的物理力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(10):2 120–2 127.(LI Li,ZHAO Linyi,WANG Jinhua,et al.Research on physical and mechanical characteristics of two traditional silicate materials in Chinese ancient buildings[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(10):2 120–2 127.(in Chinese))
[18]A.El-Turki,R.J.Ball,G.C.Allen.The influence of relative humidity on structural and chemical changes during carbonation of hydraulic lime[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2007,37(8):1 233–1 240.
[19]赵林毅,李黎,李最雄,等.中国古代建筑中两种传统硅酸材料的研究[J].无机材料学报,2011,26(12):1 327–1 334.(ZHAO Linyi,LI Li,LI Zuixiong,et al.Research on two traditional silicate materials in China?s ancient building[J].Journal of Inorganic Materials,2011,26(12):1 327–1 334.(in Chinese))
[20]李黎,赵林毅.中国古代石灰类材料研究[M].北京:文物出版社,2015:95–98.(LI Li,ZHAO Linyi.Research on lime materials in ancient China[M].Beijing:Cultural Relics Press,2010:95–98.(in Chinese))
[2]孙满利,王旭东,李最雄.土遗址保护初论[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:106–107.(SUN Manli,WANG Xudong,LI Zuixiong.Preliminary theory of earth site protection[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010:106–107.(in Chinese))
[3]王旭东.中国干旱环境中土遗址保护关键技术研究新进展[J].敦煌研究,2009,(6):6–12.(WANG Xudong.New progresses on key technologies for the conservation of Chinese earthen sites in arid environment[J].Dunhuang Research,2009,(6):6–12.(in Chinese))
[4]李最雄,赵林毅,孙满利.中国丝绸之路土遗址的病害及PS加固[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(5):1 047–1 054.(LI Zuixiong,ZHAO Linyi,SUN Manli.Deterioration of earthen sites and consolidation with PS material along silk road of China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(5):1 047–1 054.(in Chinese))
[5]和法国.交河故城崖体利息灌浆加固研究[博士学位论文][D].兰州:兰州大学,2009.(HE Faguo.Study on fissure grouting rinforcement of cliff of Jiaohe Ancient City[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2009.(in Chinese))
[6]李最雄.我国古代建筑历史上的奇迹[J].考古,1985,(8):741–747.(LI Zuixiong.The wonderwork of ancient building history of China[J].Archaeology,1985,(8):741–747.(in Chinese))
[7]LI Z,ZHAO L,LI L.Light weight concrete of Yangshao Period of China:the earliest concrete in the world[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2012,55(3):629–639.
[8]袁传勋.土遗址保护材料综述[J].敦煌研究,2002,(6):103–105.(YUAN Chuanxun.Summarization of the consolidation materials of earthen sites[J].Dunhuang Research,2002,(6):103–105.(in Chinese))
[9]李黎,赵林毅,李最雄.中国古建筑中几种石灰类材料的物理力学特性研究[J].文物保护与考古科学,2014,26(3):74–84.(LI Li,ZHAO Linyi,LI Zuixiong.Study on the physical and mechanical properties of several lime materials in ancient Chinese architecture[J].Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,2014,26(3):74–84.(in Chinese))
[10]ZHANG J,CHEN W,LI Z,et al.Study on workability and durability of calcined ginger nuts-based grouts used in anchoring conservation of earthen sites[J].Journal of Cultural Heritage,2015,16(6):831–837.
[11]CALLEBAUT K,ELSEN J,VAN BALEN K,et al.Nineteenth century hydraulic restoration mortars in the Saint Michael?s Church(Leuven,Belgium)natural hydraulic lime or cement?[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2001,31(3):397–403.
[12]KALAGRI A,MILTIADOU-FEZANS A,VINTZILEOU E.Design and evaluation of hydraulic lime grouts for the strengthening of stone masonry historic structures[J].Materials and Structures,2010,43(8):1 135–1 146.
[13]BALTAZAR L G,HENRIQUES F M A,JORNE F.Optimisation of flow behaviour and stability of superplasticized fresh hydraulic lime grouts through design of experiments[J].Construction and Building Materials,2012,(35):838–845.
[14]BS EN 459–1.Building lime—part 1:Definitions,specifications and conformity criteria[S].London:British Standard,2002.
[15]李最雄.丝绸之路古遗址保护[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:278–279.(LI Zuixiong.Conservation of ancient sites on the silk road[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010:278–279.(in Chinese))
[16]孙博,周仲华,张虎元,等.夯土建筑遗址表面温度变化特征及预报模型[J].岩土力学,2011,32(3):867–871.(SUN Bo,ZHOU Zhonghua,ZHANG Huyuan,et al.Characteristics and prediction model of surface temperature for rammed earthen architecture ruins[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(3):867–871.(in Chinese))
[17]李黎,赵林毅,王金华,等.我国古代建筑中两种传统硅酸盐材料的物理力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(10):2 120–2 127.(LI Li,ZHAO Linyi,WANG Jinhua,et al.Research on physical and mechanical characteristics of two traditional silicate materials in Chinese ancient buildings[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(10):2 120–2 127.(in Chinese))
[18]A.El-Turki,R.J.Ball,G.C.Allen.The influence of relative humidity on structural and chemical changes during carbonation of hydraulic lime[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2007,37(8):1 233–1 240.
[19]赵林毅,李黎,李最雄,等.中国古代建筑中两种传统硅酸材料的研究[J].无机材料学报,2011,26(12):1 327–1 334.(ZHAO Linyi,LI Li,LI Zuixiong,et al.Research on two traditional silicate materials in China?s ancient building[J].Journal of Inorganic Materials,2011,26(12):1 327–1 334.(in Chinese))
[20]李黎,赵林毅.中国古代石灰类材料研究[M].北京:文物出版社,2015:95–98.(LI Li,ZHAO Linyi.Research on lime materials in ancient China[M].Beijing:Cultural Relics Press,2010:95–98.(in Chinese))