水流条件下单点系泊不同结构“钻石型”重力式网箱的水动力特性数值模拟
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摘要
目前深远海网箱养殖已成为我国海水鱼类养殖的一个重要方向,为获得适合于深远海养殖的最优网箱结构,本文利用数值模拟方法,对投放于黄海冷水团的"钻石型"网箱箱体设计了5种结构方案(方案1～方案5),进行水动力特性数值模拟,分析箱体结构的中部水平漂移、底部水平漂移以及网箱阻力等特性变化。研究表明,在流速为1m/s时,网箱中部水平漂移优化效果好的依次为方案5(减少30.59%)和方案2(减少20.23%),底部水平漂移优化效果好的依次为方案2(减少37.33%)和方案5(减少22.39%),网箱阻力优化效果好的依次为方案5(减少12.98%)和方案4(减少9.15%)。研究结果表明,采用刚性底框、方形网目,中部增加刚性圆环,网箱形状为上大下小的圆台形,有利于减小网箱的横向位移,降低网箱的阻力。研究结果可为深远海重力式网箱设计提供技术参考。
With the increasing demand for the high-quality fish protein and decreasing trend of marine fisheries,especially the exhausted coastal fishery resources,offshore fish farming industries develop rapidly and become an important research direction in Chinese marine aquaculture.We used numerical simulation to optimize the structure of a new-designed single-point mooring gravity fish cage,which is currently located in the cold-water mass in the Yellow Sea.In the optimizing process,we compared and analyzed the displacement of the middle part and bottom,and the drag force of different structures to find the optimal design.The result shows that at the velocity of 1 m/s,compared with case0,the maximum reduction of the displacement at the middle of the cage is case5(reduced by 30.59%)and case2(reduced by 20.23%),the maximum reduction of the displacement at the bottom is case2(reduced by37.33%)and case5(reduced by 22.39%),and the maximum reduction of the total drag force is case5(reduced by 12.98%)and case4(reduced by 9.15%).The results suggest that adapting rigid bottom ring,squared mesh,middle reinforced ring,and coned shape could reduce the displacement and drag forces.The study could provide technical reference for the offshore gravity fish cage.
With the increasing demand for the high-quality fish protein and decreasing trend of marine fisheries,especially the exhausted coastal fishery resources,offshore fish farming industries develop rapidly and become an important research direction in Chinese marine aquaculture.We used numerical simulation to optimize the structure of a new-designed single-point mooring gravity fish cage,which is currently located in the cold-water mass in the Yellow Sea.In the optimizing process,we compared and analyzed the displacement of the middle part and bottom,and the drag force of different structures to find the optimal design.The result shows that at the velocity of 1 m/s,compared with case0,the maximum reduction of the displacement at the middle of the cage is case5(reduced by 30.59%)and case2(reduced by 20.23%),the maximum reduction of the displacement at the bottom is case2(reduced by37.33%)and case5(reduced by 22.39%),and the maximum reduction of the total drag force is case5(reduced by 12.98%)and case4(reduced by 9.15%).The results suggest that adapting rigid bottom ring,squared mesh,middle reinforced ring,and coned shape could reduce the displacement and drag forces.The study could provide technical reference for the offshore gravity fish cage.
引文
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[17]王笛清.重力式网箱浮架结构变形—应力特性有限元分析[D].大连:大连理工大学,2014.Wang Diqing.Finite Element Analysis on the Stress-deformation Features of Gravity Cage Flotation Structures[D].Dalian:Dalian Ocean University,2014.
[18]李鲤.波流作用下深海浮式网箱结构动力响应特性研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2013.Li Li.Dynamic Responses of Floating Fish Cage System in Current and Waves[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2013.
[19] Hui Cheng,Liuyi Huang,Yi Ni,et al.Numerical and Experimental Study of SPM Fish Cage:Comparison and Validation[C].Madrid,Spain:The American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME),2018.doi:10.1115/OMAE2018-78204.
[20]程晖.钻石型重力式网箱耐流特性研究及结构优化[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2017.Cheng Hui.Experimental and Numerical Study on the Anti-current Characteristics of a New Type Gravity Fish Cage and Design Optimizing[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2017.
[21]黄六一,梁振林,赵芬芳,等.网箱形状在海流中变化特性的模型试验[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2006,36(2):245-248.Huang Liuyi,Liang Zhenlin,Zhao Fenfang,et al.Model test research on change characteristics of cage shape in currents[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2006,36(2):245-248.
[22] He Z,Faltinsen O M,Fredheim A,Kristiansen T.The influence of fish on the mooring loads of a floating net cage[J].Journal of Fluids and Structures,2018(76):384-395.
[23] Kristiansen T,Faltinsen O.Modelling of current loads on aquaculture net cages[J].Journal of Fluids and Structures,2012(34):218-235.
[24] Chang Y.Dynamic Analysis of Gravity Based Fish Cage[D].Norway:University of Stavanger,2017.
[25] Grue I H.Loads on the Gravity-net-cage from Waves and Currents[D].Norway:Norwegian University of Science and Technology,2014.
[26]黄小华,郭根喜,陶启友,等.HDPE圆形重力式网箱受力变形特性的数值模拟[J].南方水产科学,2013,9(5):126-131.Huang Xiaohua,Guo Genxi,Tao Qiyou,et al.Comparison on the forces and deformation between HDPE cylinder net-cage and truncated-cone net-cage in current[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2013,9(5):126-131.
[27]中村充.水产土木学[M].东京:工业时事通信社,1991.Nakamura Mitsuru.Aquatic Architecture[M].Tokyo:Industry Jiji Press,1991.
[28]陈雪忠,黄锡昌.渔具模型试验理论与方法[M].上海:上海科技出版社,2011:19-154.Chen Xuezhong,Huang Xichang.Theory and Method of Model Test of Fishing Gear[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific&Technical Publishers,2011,19-154.
[2]王世锋,呼双双.黄海冷水团有望变“良田”[J].中国渔业报,2016-12-18,A03.Wang Shifeng,Hu Shuangshuang.Huanghai Cold Water Mass is expected to become“good land”[J].Fishery Newspaper of China,2016-12-18,A03.
[3]朱立新.流场中圆形养殖网箱动态响应的数值模拟研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2006.Zhu Lixin.Study on Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Response of Circular Aquaculture Cages in Constant Flow[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2006.
[4]何鑫.重力式网箱群组系统耐流特性的数值模拟[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2007.He Xin.Numerical Simulation of the Fishing-net Gravity Cages Group System on Anti-current Characteristics[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2007.
[5]赵云鹏.深水重力式网箱水动力特性数值模拟研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2007.Zhao Yunpeng.Numerical Investigation on Hydrodynamic Behavior of Deep-water Gravity Cage[D].Dalian:Dalian Ocean University,2007.
[6]赵云鹏,李玉成,董国海.深水抗风浪网箱水动力学特性研究[J].渔业现代化,2011(2):10-16.Zhao Yunpeng,Li Yucheng,Dong Guohai.Hydrodynamics of fishing net cages in the open sea[J].Fishery Modernization,2011(2):10-16.
[7] Zhao Y,Li Y,Dong G,et al.A numerical study on dynamic properties of the gravity cage in combined wave-current flow[J].Ocean Engineering,2007,34(17-18):2350-2363.
[8] Zhao Y,Li Y,Dong G,et al.Numerical simulation of the effects of structure size ratio and mesh type on three-dimensional deformation of the fishing-net gravity cage in current[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2007,36(3):285-301.
[9]胡保友.圆形深海养殖网箱的力学建模及仿真[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.Hu Baoyou.Force Modeling and Simulation on the Rounded Abyssal Cage[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2008.
[10]高晓芳.圆形升降式深海养殖网箱的力学分析建模及仿真[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2005.Gao Xiaofang.Force Analysis and Simulation on the Columniform-lift Offshore Cage[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2005.
[11]崔勇.方形金属框架鲆鲽类网箱水动力学特性研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.Cui Yong.Study on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Square Flatfish Cage[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2012.
[12]崔勇,关长涛,万荣,等.浮式鲆鲽类网箱在波流场中动态响应的数值模拟[J].工程力学,2015(3):249-256.Cui Yong,Guan Changtao,Wan Rong,et al.Numerical simulation of floating flatfish cage behaviour under waves and currents[J].Engineering Mechanics,2015(3):249-256.
[13] Yong C,Chang-tao G,Rong W,et al.Dynamic analysis of hydrodynamic behavior of a flatfish cage system under wave conditions[J].China Ocean Engineering,2014,28(2):215-226.
[14]崔勇,关长涛,万荣,等.基于有限元方法对波流场中养殖网箱的系统动力分析[J].工程力学,2010(5):250-256.Cui Yong,Guan Changtao,Wan Rong,et al.Dynamic analysis for fish cage in current and wave based on finite element methods[J].Engineering Mechanics,2010(5):250-256.
[15]崔勇,关长涛,黄滨,等.数值模拟在网箱工程设计中的应用[J].海洋水产研究,2008,29(5):139-144.Cui Yong,Guan Changtao,Huang Bin,et al.The application of numerical simulation in cage aquaculture engineering[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2008,29(5):139-144.
[16]张福友.深水重力式网箱配重形式对网衣变形影响的实验研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015.Zhang Fuyou.Experimental Study About the Influence of Weight System on Net Deformation of Deep-Water Gravity Cage[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2015.
[17]王笛清.重力式网箱浮架结构变形—应力特性有限元分析[D].大连:大连理工大学,2014.Wang Diqing.Finite Element Analysis on the Stress-deformation Features of Gravity Cage Flotation Structures[D].Dalian:Dalian Ocean University,2014.
[18]李鲤.波流作用下深海浮式网箱结构动力响应特性研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2013.Li Li.Dynamic Responses of Floating Fish Cage System in Current and Waves[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2013.
[19] Hui Cheng,Liuyi Huang,Yi Ni,et al.Numerical and Experimental Study of SPM Fish Cage:Comparison and Validation[C].Madrid,Spain:The American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME),2018.doi:10.1115/OMAE2018-78204.
[20]程晖.钻石型重力式网箱耐流特性研究及结构优化[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2017.Cheng Hui.Experimental and Numerical Study on the Anti-current Characteristics of a New Type Gravity Fish Cage and Design Optimizing[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2017.
[21]黄六一,梁振林,赵芬芳,等.网箱形状在海流中变化特性的模型试验[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2006,36(2):245-248.Huang Liuyi,Liang Zhenlin,Zhao Fenfang,et al.Model test research on change characteristics of cage shape in currents[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2006,36(2):245-248.
[22] He Z,Faltinsen O M,Fredheim A,Kristiansen T.The influence of fish on the mooring loads of a floating net cage[J].Journal of Fluids and Structures,2018(76):384-395.
[23] Kristiansen T,Faltinsen O.Modelling of current loads on aquaculture net cages[J].Journal of Fluids and Structures,2012(34):218-235.
[24] Chang Y.Dynamic Analysis of Gravity Based Fish Cage[D].Norway:University of Stavanger,2017.
[25] Grue I H.Loads on the Gravity-net-cage from Waves and Currents[D].Norway:Norwegian University of Science and Technology,2014.
[26]黄小华,郭根喜,陶启友,等.HDPE圆形重力式网箱受力变形特性的数值模拟[J].南方水产科学,2013,9(5):126-131.Huang Xiaohua,Guo Genxi,Tao Qiyou,et al.Comparison on the forces and deformation between HDPE cylinder net-cage and truncated-cone net-cage in current[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2013,9(5):126-131.
[27]中村充.水产土木学[M].东京:工业时事通信社,1991.Nakamura Mitsuru.Aquatic Architecture[M].Tokyo:Industry Jiji Press,1991.
[28]陈雪忠,黄锡昌.渔具模型试验理论与方法[M].上海:上海科技出版社,2011:19-154.Chen Xuezhong,Huang Xichang.Theory and Method of Model Test of Fishing Gear[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific&Technical Publishers,2011,19-154.