青藏高原西部喀喇昆仑断裂活动构造研究进展综述（英文）
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摘要
喀喇昆仑断裂系(KF)位于青藏高原西缘,具有右旋走滑性质,从帕米尔高原至尼泊尔西部延绵1 000多km。长期以来,对于喀喇昆仑断裂活动的起始时间、总位移量、在不同时间尺度上的滑移速率以及断层两端的精确位置等问题,都存在较大争议。为了更好的了解喀喇昆仑断裂现今的运动学特征及其与喜马拉雅—青藏高原陆内碰撞造山带的关系,确定喀喇昆仑断裂的滑移速率历史以及它随时间和/或空间的变化规律是极其重要的。目前研究表明,从现今的大地测量学尺度到几个百万年的地质学尺度,喀喇昆仑断裂走滑速率的变化范围为3～10 mm/yr。本论文对断裂各段的分布情况进行了详细描述,阐述了获得晚第四纪以来走滑速率的方法,回顾了喀喇昆仑断裂在大地测量学、晚第四纪以及地质学等不同时间尺度的走滑速率,并重点讨论了晚第四纪以来断裂的走滑速率。然后,确定了喀喇昆仑断裂北端的精确位置、讨论了其运动学意义和地震灾害效应。鉴于喀喇昆仑断裂具有长期的活动历史、规模巨大、运动速率较高,我们认为即使板块内部小尺度的似连续变形非常发育,板块模型依然可以很好的解释由于印度-亚洲板块碰撞造成的喜马拉雅北部的岩石圈变形。喀喇昆仑断裂、阿尔金断裂、昆仑断裂及龙木错—郭扎错断裂等青藏高原周缘的主要走滑断裂对青藏高原向东的挤出起着重要的调节作用。
The right-lateral strike-slip Karakorum fault(KF) system, located in western Tibetan Plateau, extends for >1 000 km from the Pamir to Western Nepal. Long-standing debates regarding the KF's initiation age, total geological offset, slip-rate at all timescales, and even where the fault's NW and SE terminus are precisely located are still ongoing. In order to understand the KF's present-day kinematic role in continental collision zones such as the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen, it is essential to determine the KF's slip-rate history and whether it varied with time and/or space. Geodetic and geologic slip-rates along the KF from present to several Ma range from ～3– 10 mm/yr. Here, after describing each of the fault's segment and explaining how to determine Late Quaternary rates, we mainly review the KF's slip-rates at different timescales(geodetic, late Quaternary and geologic) with special focus on the late Quaternary ones. We then discuss about the KF's kinematic implication, its northern end and its seismic hazard. Because of the KF's significant lifespan, length and rate, we suggest that the lithospheric deformation north of the Himalayas due to the India-Asia collision are best described by a block model, even though continuous-like deformation most likely occurs at a smaller scale within the blocks. Together with the other major strike-slip faults along the edges of the Tibetan Plateau(Altyn Tagh, Kunlun, Longmu–Gozha Co faults), the southern KF contributes to eastward extrusion of Tibet.
The right-lateral strike-slip Karakorum fault(KF) system, located in western Tibetan Plateau, extends for >1 000 km from the Pamir to Western Nepal. Long-standing debates regarding the KF's initiation age, total geological offset, slip-rate at all timescales, and even where the fault's NW and SE terminus are precisely located are still ongoing. In order to understand the KF's present-day kinematic role in continental collision zones such as the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen, it is essential to determine the KF's slip-rate history and whether it varied with time and/or space. Geodetic and geologic slip-rates along the KF from present to several Ma range from ～3– 10 mm/yr. Here, after describing each of the fault's segment and explaining how to determine Late Quaternary rates, we mainly review the KF's slip-rates at different timescales(geodetic, late Quaternary and geologic) with special focus on the late Quaternary ones. We then discuss about the KF's kinematic implication, its northern end and its seismic hazard. Because of the KF's significant lifespan, length and rate, we suggest that the lithospheric deformation north of the Himalayas due to the India-Asia collision are best described by a block model, even though continuous-like deformation most likely occurs at a smaller scale within the blocks. Together with the other major strike-slip faults along the edges of the Tibetan Plateau(Altyn Tagh, Kunlun, Longmu–Gozha Co faults), the southern KF contributes to eastward extrusion of Tibet.
引文
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