基于SEM的城市公园亲子家庭游客忠诚影响因素研究——以北京奥林匹克森林公园为例
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摘要
研究城市公园亲子家庭游客忠诚的影响因素,对改善城市公园的规划设计、服务质量和提高亲子家庭生活品质具有重要意义。本文以北京奥林匹克森林公园为例,构建了城市公园亲子家庭游客忠诚影响因素的结构方程模型,并对其进行实证研究。结果表明,出游动机和物质环境满意度对亲子家庭游客忠诚的影响较大。出游动机和可达程度正向影响物质环境满意度、社会环境满意度和管理环境满意度的同时也对亲子家庭游客忠诚产生间接影响。城市公园亲子家庭的游客忠诚在居住地、家长受教育水平和孩子年龄等3方面存在显著差异。
Studying on the influencing factors of parent-child's tourist loyalty to city parks is of great significance for the improvement of the design of city park. Based on different characteristics of parent-child family and the classification of city park's recreation opportunities, this article constructs a structural equation model(SEM) of influencing factors of parent-child's tourist loyalty to city parks. The result turns out that travel motivation and satisfaction degree of city parks' physical environment have a great influence on parent-child. The parent-child tourists' travel motivation and reachability degree have a direct effect on satisfaction degree of city parks' physical environment, social environment and management environment with an indirect effect on their loyalty to city parks. In addition, parent-child tourist loyalty to city parks changes with discrepancy in residence, level of parents' education and children's age. Suggestions for the improvement of city parks' quality and parent-child's leisure services are offered.
Studying on the influencing factors of parent-child's tourist loyalty to city parks is of great significance for the improvement of the design of city park. Based on different characteristics of parent-child family and the classification of city park's recreation opportunities, this article constructs a structural equation model(SEM) of influencing factors of parent-child's tourist loyalty to city parks. The result turns out that travel motivation and satisfaction degree of city parks' physical environment have a great influence on parent-child. The parent-child tourists' travel motivation and reachability degree have a direct effect on satisfaction degree of city parks' physical environment, social environment and management environment with an indirect effect on their loyalty to city parks. In addition, parent-child tourist loyalty to city parks changes with discrepancy in residence, level of parents' education and children's age. Suggestions for the improvement of city parks' quality and parent-child's leisure services are offered.
引文
[1]周玮,黄震方,殷红卫,吴丽敏,曹芳东.城市公园免费开放对游客感知价值维度的影响及效应分析--以南京中山陵为例[J].地理研究,2012,31(5):873-884.
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[4]Xinghua XUE.Behavior Response of Recreationists to Environment Characteristics of City Parks for Forest Recreation-A Case Study of City Parks of Jingzhou City in China[J].Journal of Landscape Research,2012,4(1):44-48.
[5]覃杏菊.城市公园游憩行为的研究--以北京海淀公园为例[D].北京:北京林业大学,2006.
[6]马俊.上海市当代城市公园游憩行为特征初步研究--以黄兴公园、徐家汇公园、延中绿地为例[D].上海:上海交通大学,2008.
[7]周璐,汤澍.基于休闲效益视角的城市森林公园游憩需求研究--以南京为例[J].江苏科技信息,2013(11):68-72.
[8]王珮涵,马晓燕,冯丽.游客需求的城市森林公园游憩空间选择[J].北京农学院学报,2014,29(1):2-4.
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[10]李文苗.城市森林公园游憩者行为特征及满意度研究[J].商业经济,2010(12):103-104.
[11]毛小岗,宋金平,冯徽徽,赵倩.基于结构方程模型的城市公园居民游憩满意度[J].地理研究,2013,32(1):166-178.
[12]李琼.免费开放城市公园的居民满意度研究--以南京玄武湖公园为例[D].江苏:南京大学,2011.
[13]周楠楠,周春梅,王新建.基于游憩活动谱的城市公园场所依赖实证研究--以泉州市西湖公园为例[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2011(11):55-60.
[14]陈春燕,李娴.成都市亲子游产品的设计及促销研究[J].经济研究导刊,2013(21):271-272.
[15]李菊霞,林翔.亲子游市场若干问题探讨[J].企业活力,2008(12):32-33.
[16]刘妍.我国亲子旅游开发的现状、问题及对策[J].科技广场,2013(11):206-210.
[17]尹玛琳.长沙市城市公园游憩者动机研究[D].湖南:湖南师范大学,2008.
[18]刘卉妍.关于外文文献游客忠诚研究若干问题的再思考[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2010(7):34-40.
[19]Pooermann.Predicting destination choice-a discussion of destination loyalty[J].Journal of Vacation Marketing,1999,5(1):51-65.
[20]Day G S.A two-dimensional concept of brand loyalty[J].Journal of Advertising Research,1969,9(3):29-35.
[21]Oliver R L.Whence consumer loyalty[J].Journal of Marketing,1999,63(1):33-44.
[22]胡丽花,杨晓霞.国外旅游目的地游客忠诚研究综述[J].桂林旅游高等专科学校学报,2007,18(6):899-903.
[23]曲颖,李天元.国外近十年旅游目的地游客忠诚研究综述[J].旅游学刊,2010,25(1):86-94.
[24]Yooshik Yoon,Muzaffer Uysal.An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty:a structural model[J].Tourism Management,2005,26:45-56.
[25]汪侠,梅虎.旅游地顾客忠诚模型及实证研究[J].旅游学刊,2006,21(10):33-38.
[26]Chen S,Gursoy D.An Investigation of Tourists’Destination Loyalty and Preferences[J].International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,2001,13(2):79-85.
[27]邵炜钦.旅游目的地游客忠诚机制模式构建[J].旅游科学,2005,19(3):44-47.
[28]Huang,Chiu.Exploring customer satisfaction,trust and destination loyalty in tourism[J].Journal of American Academy of Business,2006,10(1):156-159.
[29]Chi C G-Q,Qu H.Examining the structural relationships of destination image,tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty:an integrated approach[J].Tourism Management,2008,29(4):624-636.
[30]符霞,乌恩.游憩机会谱(ROS)理论的产生极其应用[J].桂林旅游高等专科学校学报,2006,17(6):691-694.
[31]Brown p,et al.The Opportunity Spectrum Concept and Behavioral Information in Outdoor Recreation Resource Supply Inventories:Background and Application[R].Integrate Inventories of Renewable Natural Resources:Proceedings of the Workshop.USDA-Forest Service General Technical Report,1978.
[32]Brown P.J.et al.inventorying recreation potentials on dispersed tracts[J].Journal of Forestry,1979(3):765-768.
[33]Bedimo-Rung A L,Mowen A J,Cohen D A.The significance of parks to physical activity and public health:Aconceptual model[J].American Journal of Preventive Medicine,2005,282(2):159-168.
[34]Mccormack G R,Rock M,Toohey A M,et al.Characteristics of urban parks associated with park use and physicalactivity:A review of qualitative research[J].Health and Place,2010,16(4):712-726.
[35]尹海伟,孔繁花,宗跃光.城市绿地可达性与公平性评价[J].生态学报,2008,28(7):3 376-3 383.
[36]李博,宋云,俞孔坚.城市公园绿地规划中可达性指标评价方法[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2008,44(4):618-624.
[37]汪芳,俞曦.城市园林游憩活动评价及“期望差异-体验水平”管理模式--以无锡为例[J].地理研究,2008,27(5):1 059-1 070.
[38]李琼.免费开放城市公园的居民满意度研究[D].南京:南京大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[39]周净.“两节一假”催热亲子游[N].消费日报,2011-05-13.
[40]耿闻.“亲子游”方兴未艾[N].中国旅游报,2013-02-20.
[41]易丹辉.结构方程模型方法与应用[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2008.
[42]De Vellis,Robert F.Scale Development:Theory and Applications[M].Sage:Newbury Park,Calif,1991.
[43]Fornell C,Larcker D F.Evaluating structural equation models with unobserved variables and measurement error[J].Journal of Marketing Research,1981,18:39-50.
[44]Bagozzi R P,Yi Y.On the evaluation of structural equation models[J].Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,1988,16(1):74-94.
[45]荣泰生.AMOS与研究方法[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2009.
[46]Bentler P M.On the fit models to covariance and methodology to thebulletin[J].Psychology Bulletin,1992,112:400-404.
[47]Vikas Mittal,Wagner A,Kamakura.Satisfaction,rpurchaseintent,ad repurchase behavior:Investigating the moderating effect of customer characteristics[J].Journal of Marketing Research,2001(2):131-142.
[48]Christian Homburg,Annette Giering.Personal characteristics as moderators of the relationship between customer satisfaction and Loyalty-an empirical analysis[J].Psychology&Marketing,2001,18:43-66.
[49]Kurt Matzler,Johann Fuller,Rita Faullant.Customer satisfaction and loyalty to Alpineskiresorts:The moderating effect of lifestyle,spending and customers’skiing skill[J].International Journal of Tourism Research,2007(9):409-421.
[50]向文雅.民族文化主题公园游客体验质量和忠诚度关系研究[D].湖南:湖南师范大学,2011.
[2]张园园,谭杰,刘琼.城市公园双休日游人特征调查与分析--以长沙烈士公园为例[J].吉林农业,2012(8):232-233.
[3]郑文俊,颜春妮,邱玮玮.南宁城市公园游憩者行为的调查与分析[J].广东园林,2010(3):68-70.
[4]Xinghua XUE.Behavior Response of Recreationists to Environment Characteristics of City Parks for Forest Recreation-A Case Study of City Parks of Jingzhou City in China[J].Journal of Landscape Research,2012,4(1):44-48.
[5]覃杏菊.城市公园游憩行为的研究--以北京海淀公园为例[D].北京:北京林业大学,2006.
[6]马俊.上海市当代城市公园游憩行为特征初步研究--以黄兴公园、徐家汇公园、延中绿地为例[D].上海:上海交通大学,2008.
[7]周璐,汤澍.基于休闲效益视角的城市森林公园游憩需求研究--以南京为例[J].江苏科技信息,2013(11):68-72.
[8]王珮涵,马晓燕,冯丽.游客需求的城市森林公园游憩空间选择[J].北京农学院学报,2014,29(1):2-4.
[9]肖星,杜坤.城市公园游憩者满意度研究--以广州为例[J].人文地理,2011(1):129-133.
[10]李文苗.城市森林公园游憩者行为特征及满意度研究[J].商业经济,2010(12):103-104.
[11]毛小岗,宋金平,冯徽徽,赵倩.基于结构方程模型的城市公园居民游憩满意度[J].地理研究,2013,32(1):166-178.
[12]李琼.免费开放城市公园的居民满意度研究--以南京玄武湖公园为例[D].江苏:南京大学,2011.
[13]周楠楠,周春梅,王新建.基于游憩活动谱的城市公园场所依赖实证研究--以泉州市西湖公园为例[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2011(11):55-60.
[14]陈春燕,李娴.成都市亲子游产品的设计及促销研究[J].经济研究导刊,2013(21):271-272.
[15]李菊霞,林翔.亲子游市场若干问题探讨[J].企业活力,2008(12):32-33.
[16]刘妍.我国亲子旅游开发的现状、问题及对策[J].科技广场,2013(11):206-210.
[17]尹玛琳.长沙市城市公园游憩者动机研究[D].湖南:湖南师范大学,2008.
[18]刘卉妍.关于外文文献游客忠诚研究若干问题的再思考[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2010(7):34-40.
[19]Pooermann.Predicting destination choice-a discussion of destination loyalty[J].Journal of Vacation Marketing,1999,5(1):51-65.
[20]Day G S.A two-dimensional concept of brand loyalty[J].Journal of Advertising Research,1969,9(3):29-35.
[21]Oliver R L.Whence consumer loyalty[J].Journal of Marketing,1999,63(1):33-44.
[22]胡丽花,杨晓霞.国外旅游目的地游客忠诚研究综述[J].桂林旅游高等专科学校学报,2007,18(6):899-903.
[23]曲颖,李天元.国外近十年旅游目的地游客忠诚研究综述[J].旅游学刊,2010,25(1):86-94.
[24]Yooshik Yoon,Muzaffer Uysal.An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty:a structural model[J].Tourism Management,2005,26:45-56.
[25]汪侠,梅虎.旅游地顾客忠诚模型及实证研究[J].旅游学刊,2006,21(10):33-38.
[26]Chen S,Gursoy D.An Investigation of Tourists’Destination Loyalty and Preferences[J].International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,2001,13(2):79-85.
[27]邵炜钦.旅游目的地游客忠诚机制模式构建[J].旅游科学,2005,19(3):44-47.
[28]Huang,Chiu.Exploring customer satisfaction,trust and destination loyalty in tourism[J].Journal of American Academy of Business,2006,10(1):156-159.
[29]Chi C G-Q,Qu H.Examining the structural relationships of destination image,tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty:an integrated approach[J].Tourism Management,2008,29(4):624-636.
[30]符霞,乌恩.游憩机会谱(ROS)理论的产生极其应用[J].桂林旅游高等专科学校学报,2006,17(6):691-694.
[31]Brown p,et al.The Opportunity Spectrum Concept and Behavioral Information in Outdoor Recreation Resource Supply Inventories:Background and Application[R].Integrate Inventories of Renewable Natural Resources:Proceedings of the Workshop.USDA-Forest Service General Technical Report,1978.
[32]Brown P.J.et al.inventorying recreation potentials on dispersed tracts[J].Journal of Forestry,1979(3):765-768.
[33]Bedimo-Rung A L,Mowen A J,Cohen D A.The significance of parks to physical activity and public health:Aconceptual model[J].American Journal of Preventive Medicine,2005,282(2):159-168.
[34]Mccormack G R,Rock M,Toohey A M,et al.Characteristics of urban parks associated with park use and physicalactivity:A review of qualitative research[J].Health and Place,2010,16(4):712-726.
[35]尹海伟,孔繁花,宗跃光.城市绿地可达性与公平性评价[J].生态学报,2008,28(7):3 376-3 383.
[36]李博,宋云,俞孔坚.城市公园绿地规划中可达性指标评价方法[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2008,44(4):618-624.
[37]汪芳,俞曦.城市园林游憩活动评价及“期望差异-体验水平”管理模式--以无锡为例[J].地理研究,2008,27(5):1 059-1 070.
[38]李琼.免费开放城市公园的居民满意度研究[D].南京:南京大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[39]周净.“两节一假”催热亲子游[N].消费日报,2011-05-13.
[40]耿闻.“亲子游”方兴未艾[N].中国旅游报,2013-02-20.
[41]易丹辉.结构方程模型方法与应用[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2008.
[42]De Vellis,Robert F.Scale Development:Theory and Applications[M].Sage:Newbury Park,Calif,1991.
[43]Fornell C,Larcker D F.Evaluating structural equation models with unobserved variables and measurement error[J].Journal of Marketing Research,1981,18:39-50.
[44]Bagozzi R P,Yi Y.On the evaluation of structural equation models[J].Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,1988,16(1):74-94.
[45]荣泰生.AMOS与研究方法[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2009.
[46]Bentler P M.On the fit models to covariance and methodology to thebulletin[J].Psychology Bulletin,1992,112:400-404.
[47]Vikas Mittal,Wagner A,Kamakura.Satisfaction,rpurchaseintent,ad repurchase behavior:Investigating the moderating effect of customer characteristics[J].Journal of Marketing Research,2001(2):131-142.
[48]Christian Homburg,Annette Giering.Personal characteristics as moderators of the relationship between customer satisfaction and Loyalty-an empirical analysis[J].Psychology&Marketing,2001,18:43-66.
[49]Kurt Matzler,Johann Fuller,Rita Faullant.Customer satisfaction and loyalty to Alpineskiresorts:The moderating effect of lifestyle,spending and customers’skiing skill[J].International Journal of Tourism Research,2007(9):409-421.
[50]向文雅.民族文化主题公园游客体验质量和忠诚度关系研究[D].湖南:湖南师范大学,2011.