国内外23CrNi3Mo钎具钢洁净度的差异
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摘要
通过国内外23CrNi3Mo钎具钢的洁净度对比,找出在冶金环节上与国外钎具钢的差距,并对国外钎具钢中夹杂物的生成机理进行了理论热力学计算。结果表明,国外钎具钢的洁净度较高,易偏析元素砷、磷等含量远低于国内钎具钢;夹杂物的类型主要以单独的Mg-Al-O类夹杂物和Mg-Al-O外包裹MnS类夹杂物为主,夹杂物的尺寸主要为0~3μm;纵截面上MnS夹杂物具有很明显的拉长现象,且具有很好的熔断效果,宽度为1μm左右,纵横比为3~6。国内钎具钢中夹杂物主要为单独的Mg-Al-O类夹杂物和Mg-Al-O外包裹(Ca,Mn)S类夹杂物,尺寸以3~6μm为主;纵截面上,单独的(Ca,Mn)S沿轧制方向几乎不变形。热力学计算表明,MnS类夹杂物的两次析出是导致Mg-Al-O类夹杂物的包裹率达到70%、复合类夹杂物尺寸较小的主要原因。
By comparing the cleanliness of 23 CrNi3 Mo drill steels at home and abroad,it was found that there are some gaps in metallurgy quality of the domestic and overseas drill steels.And the theoretical thermodynamics calculations of the formation mechanism of inclusions in abroad drill steels were carried out.The experiment results indicated that the abroad drill steel has better cleanliness and the lower content of the easy segregation elements such as As and P,and the simple Mg-Al-O inclusion and complex inclusion,for which the Mg-Al-O inclusion acted as the nucleation core of pure MnS,were the main types of inclusion with the main size of 0-3μm.And on the longitudinal section,there were many elongated MnS inclusions with obvious fusing phenomenon and the aspect ratio was in the range of 3-6.The main inclusions in domestic drill steel were simple Mg-Al-O inclusions and complex Mg-Al-O+(Ca,Mn)S inclusions,whose main size was in the range of 3-6μm,and the(Ca,Mn)S almost did not deform in the direction of rolling.Thermodynamic calculations showed that the two precipitations of MnS inclusions were the main reasons for the encapsulation rate of Mg-Al-O inclusions of 70% and the smaller size of complex inclusions.
By comparing the cleanliness of 23 CrNi3 Mo drill steels at home and abroad,it was found that there are some gaps in metallurgy quality of the domestic and overseas drill steels.And the theoretical thermodynamics calculations of the formation mechanism of inclusions in abroad drill steels were carried out.The experiment results indicated that the abroad drill steel has better cleanliness and the lower content of the easy segregation elements such as As and P,and the simple Mg-Al-O inclusion and complex inclusion,for which the Mg-Al-O inclusion acted as the nucleation core of pure MnS,were the main types of inclusion with the main size of 0-3μm.And on the longitudinal section,there were many elongated MnS inclusions with obvious fusing phenomenon and the aspect ratio was in the range of 3-6.The main inclusions in domestic drill steel were simple Mg-Al-O inclusions and complex Mg-Al-O+(Ca,Mn)S inclusions,whose main size was in the range of 3-6μm,and the(Ca,Mn)S almost did not deform in the direction of rolling.Thermodynamic calculations showed that the two precipitations of MnS inclusions were the main reasons for the encapsulation rate of Mg-Al-O inclusions of 70% and the smaller size of complex inclusions.
引文
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[2]胡支国.钎钢钎具产品的研制与开发[J].凿岩机械气动工具,2011(4):6.
[3]梁晓捷.凿岩钎具国产材料替代及制造工艺的研究[D].太原:太原科技大学,2014.
[4]闫永明,刘雅政,周乐育,等.热处理工艺对23CrNi3Mo钎具钢组织及性能的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2014,35(2):110.
[5]黎炳雄.螺纹钎钢的失效分析和断裂机理[J].凿岩机械气动工具,1999(2):55.
[6]周凤云,徐志宏.国产重型凿岩钎杆的失效分析[J].机械工程材料,1997(3):47.
[7]朱洪武,刘雅政,周乐育,等.22Si2MnCrNi2MoA钎杆断裂失效分析[J].北京科技大学学报,2013,35(5):613.
[8]胡铭,董鑫业.瑞典Sandvik公司的中空钢生产[C]//2009”全国钎钢钎具会议论文集.武汉:中国钢结构协会,2009:232.
[9]李璟宇,成国光,钱国余,等.304不锈钢热(冷)轧板表面线缺陷[J].中国冶金,2017,27(1):29.
[10]安杰,王哲,李润霞,等.汽车齿轮钢8620RH的洁净度[J].中国冶金,2016,26(9):33.
[11]王玉昌,张家泉.高速重轨钢洁净度与均质性控制关键技术[J].中国冶金,2015,25(4):7.
[12]唐德池,张宏艳,吉立鹏,等.钙处理车轮钢洁净度[J].钢铁,2018,53(4):37.
[13]马焕珣,王新华,黄福祥,等.脱氧工艺对低碳铝镇静钢洁净度的影响[J].钢铁,2016,51(1):19.
[14]葛金朋,李晶,史成斌,等.高碱度精炼渣对GCr15轴承钢洁净度的影响[J].钢铁,2016,51(11):30.
[15]黄宇,谢有,成国光,等.H13钢中Mg-Al-O系夹杂物的形成机理及控制[J].钢铁,2017,52(6):34.
[16]SHAO X,WANG X,JIANG M,et al.Effect of heat treatment conditions on shape control of large-sized elongated MnS inclusions in resulfurized free-cutting steels[J].ISIJ International,2011,51(12):1995.