辽河保护区铁岭段河流健康综合评价研究
|
摘要
为了明确辽河保护区铁岭段河流的健康状况,针对河流存在的问题提出具体的治理和维护建议,以促进河流健康发展。基于河流健康内涵和辽河保护区铁岭段河流的具体情况,构建了自然形态状况、水质状况、底泥状况、水生生物及生态环境状况和社会服务状况5个准则层和23个指标层组成的河流健康评价体系。采用层次分析法(AHP)确定河流健康体系中的准则层和指标层的权重,模糊综合评价法对辽河保护区铁岭段河流进行健康评价。结果表明:辽河保护区铁岭段河流的综合健康状况为中等。其中,自然形态健康状况为中等,水质健康状况为优,底泥健康状况为优,水生生物及生态环境健康状况为良好,社会服务健康状况为中等。河流存在水质指标污染物超标排放、底泥中Cd潜在生态风险很高、植被覆盖率低、湿地保留率低和水资源利用效率不高等问题,表明还需要实施具体措施以提高辽河保护区铁岭段河流健康水平。
In order to clarify the health status of the rivers in the Tieling section of the Liaohe Nature Reserve,specific governance and maintenance recommendations are proposed for the problems existing in the rivers to promote the development of river health in a better direction. Based on the connotation of river health and the specific conditions of the rivers in the Tieling sectionof the Liaohe Nature Reserve,a health evaluation system of the river,which is composed of 5 rule layers( natural morphology,water quality,sediment status,aquatic organism and ecological environment and social service status) and 23 specific indexes are developed. The analytic hierarchy process( AHP) is used to calculate the weight of the rule layer and indicator layers. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the health status of rivers in Liaohe Nature Reserve. The result shows that the comprehensive health status of the rivers in the study area is moderate. The health status of the natural forms,water quality,sediment,aquatic organisms and the ecological environment,and social service is moderate,excellent,excellent,good and moderate respectively. There are problems such as excessive discharge of the pollutions,high potential ecological risk of Cd in sediments,low vegetation coverage,low wetland retention rate and low water use efficiency in rivers,which indicate that a series of measures are needed to improve the health level of the Liaohe River in Tieling section.
In order to clarify the health status of the rivers in the Tieling section of the Liaohe Nature Reserve,specific governance and maintenance recommendations are proposed for the problems existing in the rivers to promote the development of river health in a better direction. Based on the connotation of river health and the specific conditions of the rivers in the Tieling sectionof the Liaohe Nature Reserve,a health evaluation system of the river,which is composed of 5 rule layers( natural morphology,water quality,sediment status,aquatic organism and ecological environment and social service status) and 23 specific indexes are developed. The analytic hierarchy process( AHP) is used to calculate the weight of the rule layer and indicator layers. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the health status of rivers in Liaohe Nature Reserve. The result shows that the comprehensive health status of the rivers in the study area is moderate. The health status of the natural forms,water quality,sediment,aquatic organisms and the ecological environment,and social service is moderate,excellent,excellent,good and moderate respectively. There are problems such as excessive discharge of the pollutions,high potential ecological risk of Cd in sediments,low vegetation coverage,low wetland retention rate and low water use efficiency in rivers,which indicate that a series of measures are needed to improve the health level of the Liaohe River in Tieling section.
引文
[1] NICOLETTA R,ELSA F,MANUEL L L,et al. When and how?Freshwater mussel recolonization in Lake Orta[J]. Journal of Lim-nology,2016,75(2):120-130.
[2] NILSSON C,REIDY C A,DYNESIUS M,et al. Fragmentation andflow regulation of the world's large river systems[J]. Science,2005,308(5720):405-408.
[3] JAMES R,KARR J R. Defining and measuring river health[J].Freshwater Biology,1999,41(2):221-234.
[4] LEE L S,GARNETT J A,BRIGHT E G,et al. Vegetation,inver-tebrate,and fish community response to past and current flow regula-tion in floodplains of the Savannah River,Southeastern USA[J].Wetlands Ecology and Management,2016,24(4):443-455.
[5]高凡,蓝利,黄强.变化环境下河流健康评价研究进展[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,37(6):81-87.
[6] MEYER J L. Stream health:incorporating the human dimension toadvance stream ecology[J]. Journal of the North American Bentho-logical Society,1997,16(2):439-447.
[7]刘昌明,刘晓燕.河流健康理论初探[J].地理学报,2008,63(7):683-692.
[8]耿雷华,刘恒,钟华平,等.健康河流的评价指标和评价标准[J].水利学报,2006,37(3):253-258.
[9]唐林森,白丽.东江源寻乌水河流健康指标评价[J].人民长江,2017,38(11):40-44.
[10]张欧阳,熊文,丁洪亮,等.长江流域水系连通特征及其影响因素分析[J].人民长江,2010,41(1):1-5.
[11]赵志淼.辽河保护区健康河岸带及其评价方法研究[D].沈阳:沈阳大学,2013.
[12]环境保护总局.地表水环境质量标准:GB 3838—2002[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[13] KE X,GUI S F,HUANG H,et al. Ecological risk assessment andsource identification for heavy metals in surface sediment from theLiaohe River protected area,China[J]. Chemosphere. 2017,175:473-481.
[14]张群,曲波,翟强,等.辽河保护区生态系统多样性研究进展[J].环境保护与循环经济,2014,34(5):54-58.
[15]傅春,李云翊.基于层次分析的抚河抚州段河流健康综合评价[J].南昌大学学报(工科版),2017,39(1):1-7.
[16]高学平,赵世新,张晨,等.河流系统健康状况评价体系及评价方法[J].水利学报,2009,40(8):962-968.
[17]翟晶,徐国宾,郭书英,等.基于协调发展度的河流健康评价方法研究[J].水利学报,2016,47(11):1465-1471.
[18] SAATY T L,BENNETT J P. A theory of analytical hierarchies ap-plied to political candidacy[J]. Systems Research and BehavioralScience,2010,22(4):237-245.
[19] MARIE I,GENE H,JENNIFER M. Sensitivity analysis method toaddress user disparities in the analytic hierarchy process[J]. ExpertSystems with Applications,2017,90,111-126.
[20]李俊文.辽河水质监测与分析[J].地下水,2008,30(1):61-64.
[21]赵明明.辽河流域铁岭境内水质变化趋势分析[J].地下水,2014,36(2):59,90.
[22]孙亚飞,何俊仕,王捷,等.基于层次分析法的辽河干流水环境承载力评价研究[J].节水灌溉,2015(5):37-41.
[2] NILSSON C,REIDY C A,DYNESIUS M,et al. Fragmentation andflow regulation of the world's large river systems[J]. Science,2005,308(5720):405-408.
[3] JAMES R,KARR J R. Defining and measuring river health[J].Freshwater Biology,1999,41(2):221-234.
[4] LEE L S,GARNETT J A,BRIGHT E G,et al. Vegetation,inver-tebrate,and fish community response to past and current flow regula-tion in floodplains of the Savannah River,Southeastern USA[J].Wetlands Ecology and Management,2016,24(4):443-455.
[5]高凡,蓝利,黄强.变化环境下河流健康评价研究进展[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,37(6):81-87.
[6] MEYER J L. Stream health:incorporating the human dimension toadvance stream ecology[J]. Journal of the North American Bentho-logical Society,1997,16(2):439-447.
[7]刘昌明,刘晓燕.河流健康理论初探[J].地理学报,2008,63(7):683-692.
[8]耿雷华,刘恒,钟华平,等.健康河流的评价指标和评价标准[J].水利学报,2006,37(3):253-258.
[9]唐林森,白丽.东江源寻乌水河流健康指标评价[J].人民长江,2017,38(11):40-44.
[10]张欧阳,熊文,丁洪亮,等.长江流域水系连通特征及其影响因素分析[J].人民长江,2010,41(1):1-5.
[11]赵志淼.辽河保护区健康河岸带及其评价方法研究[D].沈阳:沈阳大学,2013.
[12]环境保护总局.地表水环境质量标准:GB 3838—2002[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[13] KE X,GUI S F,HUANG H,et al. Ecological risk assessment andsource identification for heavy metals in surface sediment from theLiaohe River protected area,China[J]. Chemosphere. 2017,175:473-481.
[14]张群,曲波,翟强,等.辽河保护区生态系统多样性研究进展[J].环境保护与循环经济,2014,34(5):54-58.
[15]傅春,李云翊.基于层次分析的抚河抚州段河流健康综合评价[J].南昌大学学报(工科版),2017,39(1):1-7.
[16]高学平,赵世新,张晨,等.河流系统健康状况评价体系及评价方法[J].水利学报,2009,40(8):962-968.
[17]翟晶,徐国宾,郭书英,等.基于协调发展度的河流健康评价方法研究[J].水利学报,2016,47(11):1465-1471.
[18] SAATY T L,BENNETT J P. A theory of analytical hierarchies ap-plied to political candidacy[J]. Systems Research and BehavioralScience,2010,22(4):237-245.
[19] MARIE I,GENE H,JENNIFER M. Sensitivity analysis method toaddress user disparities in the analytic hierarchy process[J]. ExpertSystems with Applications,2017,90,111-126.
[20]李俊文.辽河水质监测与分析[J].地下水,2008,30(1):61-64.
[21]赵明明.辽河流域铁岭境内水质变化趋势分析[J].地下水,2014,36(2):59,90.
[22]孙亚飞,何俊仕,王捷,等.基于层次分析法的辽河干流水环境承载力评价研究[J].节水灌溉,2015(5):37-41.