公众参与气象减灾救灾的意愿分析及群体识别
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摘要
为提升公众减灾救灾能力,加强政府与社会力量的协同配合,有必要分析公众参与气象减灾救灾的意愿,进行群体识别。基于气象减灾防灾数据管理相关情况调查获得的数据,运用描述性统计、聚类分析、卡方检验和均值比较等方法分析公众意愿,识别群体特征,进行人口统计学研究。相对于捐款和参与减灾救灾行动,公众在信息分享方面表现出更大的积极性。年龄、居住地级别对公众参与减灾救灾意愿的聚类分布有较为明显的影响;18～40岁的公众是参与气象减灾救灾的主要力量;居住在县(含县级市)的公众在参与减灾救灾行动方面最积极,居住在直辖市的公众在捐款方面最积极。应当鼓励公众发布和共享灾情信息,管控不实信息,保护公民隐私;合理引导公众的捐助行为,提高捐赠款物使用过程的透明度;提供差异化服务,发挥不同群体的作用;充分发挥中青年的骨干力量。
In order for the public's stronger disasters reduction and relief capabilities,and more strengthened coordination of government and social forces,it is necessary to analyze the public's willingness to participate in meteorological disaster reduction and disaster relief,and to identify the group. Based on the data obtained from the survey of meteorological disaster reduction and disaster prevention data management,descriptive statistics,cluster analysis,chi-square test and mean comparison are used to analyze the public will,identify group characteristics,and conduct demographic studies. The results show that the public has shown greater enthusiasm in information sharing than donations and participation in disaster reduction and relief operations.As for the participation willingness,the public can be divided into three categories: information sharing,privacy protection and active donation; age and place of residence have significant influences on the cluster distribution of public participation in reducing and relieving disasters;18 to 40 years old. The public is the main force involved in meteorological disaster reduction and relief; the public living in counties( county-level cities) is the most active in participating in disaster reduction and relief operations,and the public living in municipalities is the most active in donations. Therefore,the public should be encouraged to publish and share disaster information,control false information,ensure citizen's privacy,reasonably guide the public's donation behavior,improve the transparency of the use of donations and materials,provide differentiated services,and let different groups all play their roles; give full play to the backbone role of the young and middle-aged.
In order for the public's stronger disasters reduction and relief capabilities,and more strengthened coordination of government and social forces,it is necessary to analyze the public's willingness to participate in meteorological disaster reduction and disaster relief,and to identify the group. Based on the data obtained from the survey of meteorological disaster reduction and disaster prevention data management,descriptive statistics,cluster analysis,chi-square test and mean comparison are used to analyze the public will,identify group characteristics,and conduct demographic studies. The results show that the public has shown greater enthusiasm in information sharing than donations and participation in disaster reduction and relief operations.As for the participation willingness,the public can be divided into three categories: information sharing,privacy protection and active donation; age and place of residence have significant influences on the cluster distribution of public participation in reducing and relieving disasters;18 to 40 years old. The public is the main force involved in meteorological disaster reduction and relief; the public living in counties( county-level cities) is the most active in participating in disaster reduction and relief operations,and the public living in municipalities is the most active in donations. Therefore,the public should be encouraged to publish and share disaster information,control false information,ensure citizen's privacy,reasonably guide the public's donation behavior,improve the transparency of the use of donations and materials,provide differentiated services,and let different groups all play their roles; give full play to the backbone role of the young and middle-aged.
引文
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(2)李萍、崔鹏程、王锡伟:《和谐社会建构中的气象灾害管理探析》,《阅江学刊》,2014年第4期,第36-40页。
(3)陈迎欣、张凯伦、安若红:《公众参与自然灾害应急救助的影响因素研究》,《重庆大学学报(社会科学版)》,2018年第4期,第39-51页。
(4)吴先华、刘华斌、郭际等:《公众应对气象灾害风险的行为特征及其影响因素研究——基于深圳市3109份调查问卷的实证》,《灾害学》,2014年第1期,第103-108页。
(5)刘洪秀、庄天慧:《西南民族贫困地区农户防灾减灾认知及其行为的影响研究——基于36个村665户农户的调查》,《农业经济问题》,2012年第12期,第67-72页。
(6)张明杨、吴先华、盛济川:《认知资源对公众城市气象灾害防御支付意愿的影响研究——基于南京市暴雨灾害防御的实证》,《长江流域资源与环境》,2017年第11期,第1815-1823页。
(7)尹衍雨、苏筠、叶琳:《公众灾害风险可接受性与避灾意愿的初探——以川渝地区旱灾风险为例》,《灾害学》,2009年第4期,第118-124页。
(8)Samaddar S, Yokomatsu M, Dayour F, et al,“Evaluating Effective Public Participation in Disaster Management and Climate Change Adaptation: Insights from Northern Ghana through a User-based Approach”,Risk Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy, vol.6,no.1(2015.03),pp.117-143.
(9)王建平、李欢:《灾区政府与救灾志愿者的合作义务——以“威马逊台风”灾区政府的志愿者使用为视角》,《西南民族大学学报(人文社科版)》,2017年第6期,第96-101页。
(10)廖军:《消费行为的因子检验与消费价值的聚类统计》,《统计与决策》,2016年第21期,第109-112页。
(11)Agresti A,“Categorical Data Analysis, 3rd Edition”, Statistical Methods & Applications,vol.14,no.1(2002),p.109.
(2)李萍、崔鹏程、王锡伟:《和谐社会建构中的气象灾害管理探析》,《阅江学刊》,2014年第4期,第36-40页。
(3)陈迎欣、张凯伦、安若红:《公众参与自然灾害应急救助的影响因素研究》,《重庆大学学报(社会科学版)》,2018年第4期,第39-51页。
(4)吴先华、刘华斌、郭际等:《公众应对气象灾害风险的行为特征及其影响因素研究——基于深圳市3109份调查问卷的实证》,《灾害学》,2014年第1期,第103-108页。
(5)刘洪秀、庄天慧:《西南民族贫困地区农户防灾减灾认知及其行为的影响研究——基于36个村665户农户的调查》,《农业经济问题》,2012年第12期,第67-72页。
(6)张明杨、吴先华、盛济川:《认知资源对公众城市气象灾害防御支付意愿的影响研究——基于南京市暴雨灾害防御的实证》,《长江流域资源与环境》,2017年第11期,第1815-1823页。
(7)尹衍雨、苏筠、叶琳:《公众灾害风险可接受性与避灾意愿的初探——以川渝地区旱灾风险为例》,《灾害学》,2009年第4期,第118-124页。
(8)Samaddar S, Yokomatsu M, Dayour F, et al,“Evaluating Effective Public Participation in Disaster Management and Climate Change Adaptation: Insights from Northern Ghana through a User-based Approach”,Risk Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy, vol.6,no.1(2015.03),pp.117-143.
(9)王建平、李欢:《灾区政府与救灾志愿者的合作义务——以“威马逊台风”灾区政府的志愿者使用为视角》,《西南民族大学学报(人文社科版)》,2017年第6期,第96-101页。
(10)廖军:《消费行为的因子检验与消费价值的聚类统计》,《统计与决策》,2016年第21期,第109-112页。
(11)Agresti A,“Categorical Data Analysis, 3rd Edition”, Statistical Methods & Applications,vol.14,no.1(2002),p.109.