轻木木材微观解剖结构对吸声性能的影响
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摘要
以世界上密度最小的木材轻木为研究对象,采用阻抗管通过传递函数法对三切面木材的吸声性能进行测试和表征,将其吸声性能与密度为0.36g/cm3的杉木、密度为0.59g/cm3的檫树相比,表明密度为0.19g/cm3的轻木有较好的吸声性能。进一步采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察轻木木材横切面、径切面和弦切面的微观解剖结构,研究其微观结构与其吸声性能的相关性。结果表明:从不同密度的三种树种来看,轻木三切面的吸声系数均大于杉木和檫树,相对杉木和檫树具有较好的吸声性能;从轻木木材微观结构来看,以材料表面与内部相连孔隙的数量和面积计,横切面最大、弦切面次之、径切面最小,而三切面的吸声系数表现为横切面(0.4053)>弦切面(0.3043)>径切面(0.2794),吸声系数与其微观结构密切相关,呈现出材料表面与内部相连孔隙的数量越多、面积越大,吸声性能越好的趋势。
Taking balsa as a research object, the sound absorption coefficients of three dimensional sections were measured with impedance tubes in transfer function method. The results showed that the absorption coefficients of balsa with density of 0.19g/cm3 were better than those of Chinese Fir and sassafras whose density were 0.36 g/cm3 and 0.59 g/cm3, separately. The correlation between microstructure and sound absorption properties were further studied by observations of microscopic anatomy in three dimensional sections by SEM and optical microscope. The comparison results of three species showed that the lowest density wood species obtain highest sound absorption coefficients. From the balsa microstructure perspective, the number and area of pores interconnected to the surface in radial section were largest, small in tangential section and smallest in transverse section. The average sound absorption coefficients in descending order were radial section(0.4053), tangential section(0.3043) and transverse section(0.2794). Consequently, the sound absorption coefficients of balsa was closely related to the microstructure that the interconnected pores is more and the sound absorption performance is better.
Taking balsa as a research object, the sound absorption coefficients of three dimensional sections were measured with impedance tubes in transfer function method. The results showed that the absorption coefficients of balsa with density of 0.19g/cm3 were better than those of Chinese Fir and sassafras whose density were 0.36 g/cm3 and 0.59 g/cm3, separately. The correlation between microstructure and sound absorption properties were further studied by observations of microscopic anatomy in three dimensional sections by SEM and optical microscope. The comparison results of three species showed that the lowest density wood species obtain highest sound absorption coefficients. From the balsa microstructure perspective, the number and area of pores interconnected to the surface in radial section were largest, small in tangential section and smallest in transverse section. The average sound absorption coefficients in descending order were radial section(0.4053), tangential section(0.3043) and transverse section(0.2794). Consequently, the sound absorption coefficients of balsa was closely related to the microstructure that the interconnected pores is more and the sound absorption performance is better.
引文
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[2]陈瑞英,王宜怀,冯德旺.十种主要用材吸声性能的实验研究[J].福建林学院学报,1944,14(4):306-310.
[3]李贤军,傅峰,周永东.木材微波改性技术研究进展[J].材料导报,2007,21(11):295-297.
[4]张耀丽,夏金尉,王军锋.开启木材细胞通道的途径[J].安徽农业大学学报,2011,38(6):867-871.
[5]于海鹏,刘一星,贵军.木质类建材的自身吸声特性及影响因素[J].建筑材料学报,2008,11(1):70-75.
[6]钟祥璋.建筑吸声材料与隔声材料[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[7]王毓琦,吴又可,叶克圣.木材及其制品法向吸声系数的实验研究[J].南京林业大学学报,1987,(2):85-93.