从“形而上学”到“行而上学”——霍克海默社会哲学式的拯救之路
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摘要
霍克海默从关注社会现实的维度出发,对形而上学的思维方式进行了社会哲学式的批判,实现了从"形而上学"到"行而上学"的范式转换。他对形而上学的批判蕴含着批判与拯救的双重维度。从关注人和解放人这一形而上学批判的终极目的出发,霍克海默把形而上学从天国拉回人间,实现了人本主义的回归;为唤醒被奴役民众的批判精神,霍克海默批判了形而上学肯定性的思维方式,实现了从"肯定"到"否定"的范式转换;为和传统的思维方式进行抗争,霍克海默批判了形而上学的形式逻辑特征,引入了辩证法的立场,实现了从"形式逻辑"到"辩证逻辑"的范式转换。
Horkheimer has criticized the metaphysical way of thinking,and realized the paradigm shift from "metaphysics"to "the physica"from the dimension of social reality. His criticism of metaphysics contains a double dimension of criticism and salvation. Horkheimer brought metaphysics from heaven back to earth and realized the return of humanism from the ultimate goal of criticism of the metaphysics of concerned about human liberation.Horkheimer criticized the positive way of thinking of metaphysics to awaken the critical spirit of being enslaved people and achieve the paradigm shift from the "positive"to "negative"; To fight the traditional way of thinking,Horkheimer criticized the formal logic characteristics of metaphysical and introduced the dialectical position to achieve the paradigm shift from the "formal logic"to "dialectical logic".
Horkheimer has criticized the metaphysical way of thinking,and realized the paradigm shift from "metaphysics"to "the physica"from the dimension of social reality. His criticism of metaphysics contains a double dimension of criticism and salvation. Horkheimer brought metaphysics from heaven back to earth and realized the return of humanism from the ultimate goal of criticism of the metaphysics of concerned about human liberation.Horkheimer criticized the positive way of thinking of metaphysics to awaken the critical spirit of being enslaved people and achieve the paradigm shift from the "positive"to "negative"; To fight the traditional way of thinking,Horkheimer criticized the formal logic characteristics of metaphysical and introduced the dialectical position to achieve the paradigm shift from the "formal logic"to "dialectical logic".
引文
[1][德]H.贡尼,R.林古特.霍克海默传[M].任立,译.北京:商务印书馆,1999.
[2][美]戈尔曼.新马克思主义研究辞典[M].中央编译局当代马克思主义研究所,译.北京:社会科学文献出版社,1989:196.
[3][德]马克斯·霍克海默.批判理论[M].李小兵,等,译.重庆:重庆出版社,1989.
[4]吴友军.人道主义伦理批判的实质和局限——论霍克海默的社会批判理论[J].哲学研究,2008(4):45.
[5]J.C.Berendzen.Postmetaphysical Thinking orRefusal of Thought Max Horkheimer’s Materialism as Philosophical Stance[J].International Journal of Philosophical Studies,2008(5):697.
[6]马克思恩格斯选集:第4卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2012:233.
[7][美]马丁·杰伊.法兰克福学派史[M].单世联,译.广州:广东人民出版社,1996:65.
[8]马克思恩格斯选集:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2012:8.
(1)这种概念之物在传统唯心主义那里常常表现为某种超现实的“理念”或“精神”等,而在传统唯物主义那里则表现为某种脱离精神的纯粹的“物质概念”。
[2][美]戈尔曼.新马克思主义研究辞典[M].中央编译局当代马克思主义研究所,译.北京:社会科学文献出版社,1989:196.
[3][德]马克斯·霍克海默.批判理论[M].李小兵,等,译.重庆:重庆出版社,1989.
[4]吴友军.人道主义伦理批判的实质和局限——论霍克海默的社会批判理论[J].哲学研究,2008(4):45.
[5]J.C.Berendzen.Postmetaphysical Thinking orRefusal of Thought Max Horkheimer’s Materialism as Philosophical Stance[J].International Journal of Philosophical Studies,2008(5):697.
[6]马克思恩格斯选集:第4卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2012:233.
[7][美]马丁·杰伊.法兰克福学派史[M].单世联,译.广州:广东人民出版社,1996:65.
[8]马克思恩格斯选集:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2012:8.
(1)这种概念之物在传统唯心主义那里常常表现为某种超现实的“理念”或“精神”等,而在传统唯物主义那里则表现为某种脱离精神的纯粹的“物质概念”。