深松灭茬旋耕起垄联合作业机设计与试验
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摘要
针对辽宁省西部褐土区常年降水量低,蒸发量较大,土壤干旱严重,严重影响作物产量问题,设计了1MXQ-4型灭茬旋耕起垄联合作业机,主要由深松装置、灭茬旋耕装置、起垄装置和镇压装置等组成。机具可一次完成深松、灭茬、旋耕、培垄和镇压等多项联合作业,实现垄沟垄台互换功能。通过对其关键部件灭茬旋耕装置的动力学分析确定了灭茬装置回转半径R为300 mm,入土深度H为8 cm,最小转速n为210 r/min。按犁体曲面的几何元线法设计原理,元线角θ按抛物线规律变化,绘制起垄铲工作曲面,确定起垄装置结构参数。通过土槽模拟土粒运动轨迹的木块试验,得出曲面楔子型培土器工作性能优于平面楔子型培土器,实现了垄台垄沟互换功能。通过三因素五水平试验,得出各因素对试验指标起垄最大高度影响主次顺序为机具前进速度、工作深度、秸秆覆盖量;各因素对工作阻力影响的主次顺序为秸秆覆盖量、工作深度、机具前进速度。利用Design-Expert软件对机具工作参数求解和实际工作验证得到最佳作业参数:机具前进速度为6 km/h,工作深度为22. 2 cm,起垄最大高度为24. 05 cm,工作阻力为12. 08 kN。满足了辽宁省西部褐土区所需的垄台垄沟互换耕作的土壤合理耕层构建技术指标要求。
In view of the low annual precipitation of cinnamon soil in the west of Liaoning Province,the large amount of evaporation,serious soil drought and serious impact on crop yield,a smashing and slashing ridge hoisting machine was designed and studied,which mainly consisted of deep loosening device,smashing and slashing device,ridge device and pressure device. The machine can complete a number of operations such as deep loosening,smashing,rotary tilling,ridge ridges,etc.,which can reduce the number of grounding,improve work efficiency,and meet the operation requirements of furrowridge and ridge interchange in the brown soil area of Western Liaoning. The kinetic analysis of smashing device of the key components was determined as the rotating radius was 300 mm,the depth of grounding device was 8 cm,and the minimum speed n was 210 r/min. According to the geometric element method design principle of the plow surface,the element angle θ was changed according to the parabola law,the ridge shovel working surface was drawn, and the structural parameters of the ridge device were determined. The wood block experiment of simulating the movement of soil particles through the soil trough showed that the performance of the curved wedge type soil cultivator was better than that of the plane wedge type cultivator,and the ridge and furrow ditches were realized. Through the three factors and five levels test,the main factors affecting the maximum ridge height of the test indicators were the advancement speed of the machine,working depth and straw coverage; the main order of influence of each factor on the working resistance was straw coverage,working depth and the speed of machine. The Design-Expert software was used to solve the working parameters of the machine,and the actual work verified the best operating parameters as follows: the machine forward speed of 6 km/h,working depth of22. 2 cm,maximum distance of cast soil of 24. 05 cm,and working resistance of 12. 08 k N. It satisfied the technical requirements for the construction of reasonable soil layering for the intercropping of ridges and ridges in the brown soil area of western Liaoning Province,and provided reference for the reformation and evaluation of the combined soil preparation machine.
In view of the low annual precipitation of cinnamon soil in the west of Liaoning Province,the large amount of evaporation,serious soil drought and serious impact on crop yield,a smashing and slashing ridge hoisting machine was designed and studied,which mainly consisted of deep loosening device,smashing and slashing device,ridge device and pressure device. The machine can complete a number of operations such as deep loosening,smashing,rotary tilling,ridge ridges,etc.,which can reduce the number of grounding,improve work efficiency,and meet the operation requirements of furrowridge and ridge interchange in the brown soil area of Western Liaoning. The kinetic analysis of smashing device of the key components was determined as the rotating radius was 300 mm,the depth of grounding device was 8 cm,and the minimum speed n was 210 r/min. According to the geometric element method design principle of the plow surface,the element angle θ was changed according to the parabola law,the ridge shovel working surface was drawn, and the structural parameters of the ridge device were determined. The wood block experiment of simulating the movement of soil particles through the soil trough showed that the performance of the curved wedge type soil cultivator was better than that of the plane wedge type cultivator,and the ridge and furrow ditches were realized. Through the three factors and five levels test,the main factors affecting the maximum ridge height of the test indicators were the advancement speed of the machine,working depth and straw coverage; the main order of influence of each factor on the working resistance was straw coverage,working depth and the speed of machine. The Design-Expert software was used to solve the working parameters of the machine,and the actual work verified the best operating parameters as follows: the machine forward speed of 6 km/h,working depth of22. 2 cm,maximum distance of cast soil of 24. 05 cm,and working resistance of 12. 08 k N. It satisfied the technical requirements for the construction of reasonable soil layering for the intercropping of ridges and ridges in the brown soil area of western Liaoning Province,and provided reference for the reformation and evaluation of the combined soil preparation machine.
引文
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