天津地区典型家用生物质颗粒采暖炉污染物排放分析
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摘要
为调查研究天津市家用生物质颗粒采暖炉的污染物排放性状,同时为政府的政策制定提供技术依据,研究了天津地区生物质燃料成分和采暖炉不同运行负荷对污染物排放的影响.结果表明:稻杆和棉杆两种成型燃料在同一采暖炉的相同工况下燃烧时,稻杆灰分含量较棉杆高,造成较高的烟尘和CO排放,同时稻杆较棉杆S元素含量低,导致SO_2排放较低.棉杆成型燃料在同一容量的采暖炉上燃烧时,随着燃烧器负荷的增加,CO和SO_2的排放增加,NO_x的排放减少.两种生物质成型燃料在该采暖炉上燃烧排放的挥发性有机物的主要种类均依次为酮类、苯系物、醛类.本工作试验用家用生物质颗粒采暖炉运行过程中NO_x、CO、SO_2、烟尘的平均排放值分别为672.70,2297.94,124.00,109.35mg/m~3,存在污染物排放超标的现象,可通过增添水浴除尘设施,合理调节不同燃烧负荷下的风机送风量,维持适宜过量空气系数,以降低污染物排放.同时还需制定合理的标准和政策加强对家用采暖炉和成型燃料质量的监管.
In order to investigate the pollutant emission status of Tianjin’s domestic biomass pellet heating furnaces and provide scientific support for the governments’policy formulation,this study investigated the effect of the briquette fuel type and the furnace capacity on the pollutant emissions in Tianjin.The result showed that:rice straw contains more ash residues and less sulfur content than cotton straw,causing more smog and CO emissions,and less SO_2 emission.The emission amounts of CO and SO_2 increased,and that of NO_x decreased with the increasing of the feed rate during the cotton straw combustion in the same furnace.The major components of volatile organic compounds(VOC)emission,during the combustion process of these two briquette fuels,were ketones,benzenes,and aldehydes.The average emission values of NO_x,CO,SO_2,smog were 672.70,2297.94,124.00,109.35mg/m~3,respectively.It is necessary to reduce the pollution emission of domestic biomass heating furnaces by adding water-bath duster device,adjusting the supply air rate to match the feed rate,and maintaining an appropriately excessive coefficient.Appropriate standards and policies are also needed to control of the quality of the domestic biomass heating furnaces and briquette biomass fuels.
In order to investigate the pollutant emission status of Tianjin’s domestic biomass pellet heating furnaces and provide scientific support for the governments’policy formulation,this study investigated the effect of the briquette fuel type and the furnace capacity on the pollutant emissions in Tianjin.The result showed that:rice straw contains more ash residues and less sulfur content than cotton straw,causing more smog and CO emissions,and less SO_2 emission.The emission amounts of CO and SO_2 increased,and that of NO_x decreased with the increasing of the feed rate during the cotton straw combustion in the same furnace.The major components of volatile organic compounds(VOC)emission,during the combustion process of these two briquette fuels,were ketones,benzenes,and aldehydes.The average emission values of NO_x,CO,SO_2,smog were 672.70,2297.94,124.00,109.35mg/m~3,respectively.It is necessary to reduce the pollution emission of domestic biomass heating furnaces by adding water-bath duster device,adjusting the supply air rate to match the feed rate,and maintaining an appropriately excessive coefficient.Appropriate standards and policies are also needed to control of the quality of the domestic biomass heating furnaces and briquette biomass fuels.
引文
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[14]张宜升,张厚勇,栾胜基,等.生物质露天焚烧及家庭燃用的多环芳烃排放特征研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(2):387-395.
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[17]Glarborg P,Jensen A D,Johnsson J E.Fuel nitrogen conversion in solid fuel fired systems[J].Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,2003,29(2):89-113.
[18]Winter F,Wartha C,Hofbauer H.NO and N2O formation during the combustion of wood,straw,malt waste and peat[J].Bioresource Technology,1999,70(1):39-49.
[19]李运泉.生物质成型燃料燃烧特性及烟气排放规律研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2015.
[20]Houshfar E,Skreiberg?,L?v?s T,et al.Effect of excess air ratio and temperature on NOx emission from grate combustion of biomass in the staged air combustion scenario[J].Energy&Fuels,2011,25(10):4643-4654.
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[22]聂虎,余春江,韦威,等.生物质燃烧硫迁徙规律试验[J].太阳能学报,2011,32(11):1671-1676.
[23]Knudsen J N,Jensen P A,Lin W,et al.Secondary capture of chlorine and sulfur during thermal conversion of biomass[J].Energy&Fuels,2005,19(2):606-617.
[24]Wolf K J,Smeda A,Muller M,et al.Investigations on the influence of additives for SO2 reduction during high alkaline biomass combustion[J].Energy&Fuels,2005,19(3):820-824.
[25]Carter W P L.Development of ozone reactivity scales for volatile organic compounds[J].Journal of the Air&Waste Management Association,1994,44:881-899.
[26]Carter W P L.Documentation for the SAPRC-99 chemical mechanism and updated VOC reactivity scales[EB/OL].http://www.cert.ucr.edu/~carter/reactdat.htm#data.
[27]DB44/765-2017锅炉大气污染物排放标准[S].
[28]国家能源局.生物质能发展“十三五”规划[R].北京:国家能源局,2016.
[29]深圳市市场监督管理局.生物质成型燃料及燃烧设备技术规范[R].深圳:市场监督管理局,2015.
[30]DB31/387-2014锅炉大气污染物排放标准[S].
[31]国家能源局.国家能源局环境保护部关于开展生物质成型燃料锅炉供热示范项目建设的通知[R].北京:国家能源局,2014.
[32]GB-13271-2014锅炉大气污染物排放标准[S].
[33]NB/T34006-2011民用生物质固体成型燃料采暖炉具通用技术条件[S].
[2]Zhao Z,Zuo J,Wu P,et al.Competitiveness assessment of the biomass power generation industry in China:A five forces model study[J].Renewable Energy,2016,89:144-153.
[3]马彤,陈家宝,韦进进,等.南宁市生物质锅炉排放的颗粒物中碳组分特征[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(1):21-26.
[4]沈潇雨,郭照冰,姜文娟,等.生物质室内燃烧产物的碳质特征及EC同位素组成[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(10):3669-3674.
[5]赵欣,李慧,胡乃涛,等.生物质固体成型燃料燃烧的NO和CO排放研究[J].环境工程,2015,33(10):50-54.
[6]Brassard P,Palacios J H,Godbout S,et al.Comparison of the gaseous and particulate matter emissions from the combustion of agricultural and forest biomasses[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,155:300-306.
[7]Zhu Y,Yang L,Chen J,et al.Characteristics of ambient volatile organic compounds and the influence of biomass burning at a rural site in Northern China during summer 2013[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,124(B):156-165.
[8]Li L,Chen Y,Zeng L,et al.Biomass burning contribution to ambient volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in the ChengduChongqing Region(CCR),China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,99:403-410.
[9]姚青,蔡子颖,马志强,等.天津大气中BTEX的变化特征与健康风险评估[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(9):3276-3284.
[10]毕丽玫,郝吉明,宁平,等.昆明城区大气PM_(2.5)中PAHs的污染特征及来源分析[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(3):659-667.
[11]张露露,蒋卫兵,张元勋,等.上海市青浦区大气挥发性有机化合物的特征[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(12):3550-3561.
[12]赵金平,钟英立,徐小静,等.南方地区典型生物质燃烧锅炉二噁英排放污染特征[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(9):3473-3480.
[13]李兴华,王书肖,郝吉明.民用生物质燃烧挥发性有机化合物排放特征[J].环境科学,2011,32(12):3515-3521.
[14]张宜升,张厚勇,栾胜基,等.生物质露天焚烧及家庭燃用的多环芳烃排放特征研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(2):387-395.
[15]Evtyugina M,Alves C,Calvo A,et al.VOC emissions from residential combustion of Southern and mid-European woods[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,83:90-98.
[16]Lusini I,Pallozzi E,Corona P,et al.Novel application of a combustion chamber for experimental assessment of biomass burning emission[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,94:117-125.
[17]Glarborg P,Jensen A D,Johnsson J E.Fuel nitrogen conversion in solid fuel fired systems[J].Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,2003,29(2):89-113.
[18]Winter F,Wartha C,Hofbauer H.NO and N2O formation during the combustion of wood,straw,malt waste and peat[J].Bioresource Technology,1999,70(1):39-49.
[19]李运泉.生物质成型燃料燃烧特性及烟气排放规律研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2015.
[20]Houshfar E,Skreiberg?,L?v?s T,et al.Effect of excess air ratio and temperature on NOx emission from grate combustion of biomass in the staged air combustion scenario[J].Energy&Fuels,2011,25(10):4643-4654.
[21]van Lith S C,Alonso-Ramirez V,Jensen P A,et al.Release to the gas phase of inorganic elements during wood combustion.Part 1:Development and evaluation of quantification methods[J].Energy&Fuels,2006,20(3):964-978.
[22]聂虎,余春江,韦威,等.生物质燃烧硫迁徙规律试验[J].太阳能学报,2011,32(11):1671-1676.
[23]Knudsen J N,Jensen P A,Lin W,et al.Secondary capture of chlorine and sulfur during thermal conversion of biomass[J].Energy&Fuels,2005,19(2):606-617.
[24]Wolf K J,Smeda A,Muller M,et al.Investigations on the influence of additives for SO2 reduction during high alkaline biomass combustion[J].Energy&Fuels,2005,19(3):820-824.
[25]Carter W P L.Development of ozone reactivity scales for volatile organic compounds[J].Journal of the Air&Waste Management Association,1994,44:881-899.
[26]Carter W P L.Documentation for the SAPRC-99 chemical mechanism and updated VOC reactivity scales[EB/OL].http://www.cert.ucr.edu/~carter/reactdat.htm#data.
[27]DB44/765-2017锅炉大气污染物排放标准[S].
[28]国家能源局.生物质能发展“十三五”规划[R].北京:国家能源局,2016.
[29]深圳市市场监督管理局.生物质成型燃料及燃烧设备技术规范[R].深圳:市场监督管理局,2015.
[30]DB31/387-2014锅炉大气污染物排放标准[S].
[31]国家能源局.国家能源局环境保护部关于开展生物质成型燃料锅炉供热示范项目建设的通知[R].北京:国家能源局,2014.
[32]GB-13271-2014锅炉大气污染物排放标准[S].
[33]NB/T34006-2011民用生物质固体成型燃料采暖炉具通用技术条件[S].