基于混合笛卡尔网格的风力机问题数值模拟
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摘要
基于混合笛卡尔网格方法,对S809翼型和Phase VI叶片的绕流问题进行数值模拟研究。计算网格物面附近生成贴体结构网格,其余部分使用笛卡尔网格进行填充,两者之间通过查找"贡献单元"的方法来进行流场信息的传递。计算方法采用低速预处理方法消除可压缩方程在处理低速问题时的刚性,同时结合旋转坐标系方法考虑风力机旋转效应,进行风力机低速问题数值模拟研究。另外,在Phase VI叶片的计算中,通过笛卡尔网格的局部加密来捕捉尾涡。通过与实验数据及他人数值计算的结果进行对比分析,结果表明该文开发的这套基于混合笛卡尔网格的低速求解器能较为准确模拟风力机叶片轴流状态的流场,并能准确捕捉叶尖涡和叶根涡在风力机下游的发展。
In this paper,a hybrid Cartesian grid method is used to simulate the flows around the S809 airfoil and Phase VI blade. In this method,the body-fitted structured grid is used near the body surface to obtain required viscous nearbody mesh,and the Cartesian grid is generated in the left region. To exchange the data between two grids,the donor cell searching technique is adopted. In order to remove the rigidity of equations at low-speed,the low-speed precondition is used to simulate the wind turbine. For the simulation of Phase VI blade with the axial flow conditions,the rotating coordinate frame is adopted in the present hybrid Cartesian grid method. Furthermore,a local Cartesian grid refining treatment is successfully used to capture the wake vortexes. The results show that the developed low-speed solver on the hybrid Cartesian grid can accurately simulate the axial flow field,and successfully capture the blade tip and root vortexes.
In this paper,a hybrid Cartesian grid method is used to simulate the flows around the S809 airfoil and Phase VI blade. In this method,the body-fitted structured grid is used near the body surface to obtain required viscous nearbody mesh,and the Cartesian grid is generated in the left region. To exchange the data between two grids,the donor cell searching technique is adopted. In order to remove the rigidity of equations at low-speed,the low-speed precondition is used to simulate the wind turbine. For the simulation of Phase VI blade with the axial flow conditions,the rotating coordinate frame is adopted in the present hybrid Cartesian grid method. Furthermore,a local Cartesian grid refining treatment is successfully used to capture the wake vortexes. The results show that the developed low-speed solver on the hybrid Cartesian grid can accurately simulate the axial flow field,and successfully capture the blade tip and root vortexes.
引文
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[2] Hu Ou,Zhao Ning,Liu Jianming,et al. Adaptive hybrid Cartesian grid method for vortex-dominated flows[J]. Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,2013,30(3):221—226.
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[4]沈志伟,赵宁,胡偶.基于混合笛卡儿网格方法的可压流动数值模拟[J].航空动力学报,2015,30(3):513—525.[4] Shen Zhiwei,Zhao Ning,Hu Ou. Numerical simulation of compressible flows based on hybrid Cartesian grid method[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power,2015,30(3):513—525.
[5] Shen Zhiwei,Zhao Ning. Hybrid Cartesian grid method for moving boundary problems[J]. Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,2016,33(1):37—44.
[6] Weiss J M,Smith W A. Preconditioning applied to variable and constant density flows[J]. AIAA Journal,1995,33(11):2050—2057.
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[8] Jameson A,Yoon S. Lower-upper implicit schemes with multiple grids for the Euler equations[J]. AIAA Journal,1987,25(7):929—935.
[9]肖中云.旋翼流场数值模拟方法研究[D].绵阳:中国空气动力研究与发展中心,2007.[9] Xiao Zhongyun. Investigation of computational modeling techniques for rotor flowfields[D]. Mianyang:Chian Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,2007.
[10] Bonet J,Peraire J. An Alternating Digital Tree(ADT)algorithm for 3D geometric searching and intersection problems[J]. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,1991,31:1—17.
[11] Somers D M. Design and experimental results for the S809 airfoil[R]. Golden:National Renewable Energy Laboratory,NREL/SR-440-6918,1997.
[12] Menter F R. Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications[J]. AIAA Journal,1994,32(8):1598—1605.
[13]钟伟,王同光,王强.转捩对S809翼型气动特性影响的数值模拟[J].太阳能学报,2011,32(10):1523—1527.[13] Zhong Wei,Wang Tongguang,Wang Qiang. Numerical simulation of transition effect on aerodynamic performance of aerofoil S809[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2011,32(10):1523—1527.
[14] Hand M M,Simms D A,Fingersh L J,et al. Unsteady aerodynamics experiment Phase VI:Wind tunnel test configurations and available data campaigns[R].Golden:National Renewable Energy Laboratory,NREL/TP-500-29955,2001.
[2] Hu Ou,Zhao Ning,Liu Jianming,et al. Adaptive hybrid Cartesian grid method for vortex-dominated flows[J]. Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,2013,30(3):221—226.
[3] Munikrishana N,Liou M S. A cartisian based bodyfitted adaptive grid method for compressible viscous flows[R]. AIAA Paper 2009-1500,2009.
[4]沈志伟,赵宁,胡偶.基于混合笛卡儿网格方法的可压流动数值模拟[J].航空动力学报,2015,30(3):513—525.[4] Shen Zhiwei,Zhao Ning,Hu Ou. Numerical simulation of compressible flows based on hybrid Cartesian grid method[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power,2015,30(3):513—525.
[5] Shen Zhiwei,Zhao Ning. Hybrid Cartesian grid method for moving boundary problems[J]. Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,2016,33(1):37—44.
[6] Weiss J M,Smith W A. Preconditioning applied to variable and constant density flows[J]. AIAA Journal,1995,33(11):2050—2057.
[7] Agarwal R K,Deese J E. Euler calculations for flowfield of a helicopter rotor in hover[J]. Journal of Aircraft,1987,24(4):231—238.
[8] Jameson A,Yoon S. Lower-upper implicit schemes with multiple grids for the Euler equations[J]. AIAA Journal,1987,25(7):929—935.
[9]肖中云.旋翼流场数值模拟方法研究[D].绵阳:中国空气动力研究与发展中心,2007.[9] Xiao Zhongyun. Investigation of computational modeling techniques for rotor flowfields[D]. Mianyang:Chian Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,2007.
[10] Bonet J,Peraire J. An Alternating Digital Tree(ADT)algorithm for 3D geometric searching and intersection problems[J]. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,1991,31:1—17.
[11] Somers D M. Design and experimental results for the S809 airfoil[R]. Golden:National Renewable Energy Laboratory,NREL/SR-440-6918,1997.
[12] Menter F R. Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications[J]. AIAA Journal,1994,32(8):1598—1605.
[13]钟伟,王同光,王强.转捩对S809翼型气动特性影响的数值模拟[J].太阳能学报,2011,32(10):1523—1527.[13] Zhong Wei,Wang Tongguang,Wang Qiang. Numerical simulation of transition effect on aerodynamic performance of aerofoil S809[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2011,32(10):1523—1527.
[14] Hand M M,Simms D A,Fingersh L J,et al. Unsteady aerodynamics experiment Phase VI:Wind tunnel test configurations and available data campaigns[R].Golden:National Renewable Energy Laboratory,NREL/TP-500-29955,2001.